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Food dyes with a diverse set of colorants stimulate appetite and enhance aesthetic charm of food on table but at the same time these dyes contaminate the aquatic and biological ecosystems due to their cytotoxic and carcinogenic potentials. Herein, we report magnetite catalyzed removal of sunset yellow dye from water through catalytic degradation and ozonation. The magnetite catalyst revealed about 83% catalytic degradation and 92% catalytic ozonation performance toward sunset yellow dye at 100 and 25 min, respectively. Furthermore, the persulphate/magnetite/O3 hybrid system revealed superior performance compared to the persulphate/magnetite under identical conditions. Kinetic studies revealed that the dye degradation data followed second-order kinetics, suggesting that the dye removal process is physicochemical in nature. This study further demonstrates that the persulfate/magnetite/O3 hybrid system can efficiently decompose sunset yellow dye in aqueous solution compared to the Fenton's reagent and simple catalytic decomposition processes which is attributed to its unique structural features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials with tailorable structures, high surface areas, and controlled pore sizes, making them ideal for gas storage, separation, catalysis, and notably wastewater treatment by removing pollutants like antibiotics and heavy metals. Functionalization enhances their applications in energy conversion and environmental remediation. Despite challenges like stability and cost, ongoing innovation in MOFs contributes to the circular economy and aligns with Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The burden of time-sensitive illnesses that require emergency care, such as heart diseases, respiratory tract infections, and road traffic injuries, is the leading cause of premature deaths. The healthcare providers of the emergency care system lack the essential knowledge and skills across different healthcare levels in our country. In this paper, we aim to describe the development and initial implementation of a blended learning curriculum for teaching and training non-EM-trained physicians working in the emergency departments of our country. Methods: We used a previously articulated curriculum designed by Patricia Thomas and David Kern. The model included general and specific need assessment, defining goals and objectives, selecting teaching and learning strategies, and implementation and evaluation plans. Results: Based on the need assessment, a module-based blended learning model has been designed with well-defined goals and objectives covering knowledge and skills. This ten-week module-based course focuses on four areas of critically emergent conditions, i.e., trauma, shock, difficulty in breathing, and altered mental status. Evaluation will be made by comparing the pre and post-test scores of the participants. Conclusion: We have developed a blended course to teach non-EM-trained physicians working in the ED of our country. We hope that through this blended learning model, we will be able to adequately train our physicians working in the emergency department without any formal training in EM, which will lead to improved patient care and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the radiation shielding properties 40X-60SiO2 glasses, where X represents either SrO or BaO, while using MCNPX simulations code and Phy-X software by assessing radiation shielding parameters such as mass and linear attenuation shielding parameters, mean free path, half-value layer, effective atomic number, and tenth value layer in the photon energy ranging from 0.001 to 15 MeV. The result obtained for the mass attenuation coefficient is used to determine the half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff). Both mass attenuation coefficient results obtained for MCNPX and Phy-X demonstrate a high degree of agreement with each other. The half-value layer for 40BaO-60SiO2 is found to be increasing from 0.004 cm to 5.01 cm with the increasing the photon energy from 0.015 to 15 MeV, while for 40SrO-60SiO2 it increases from 0.01 cm to 7.19 cm in the same energy range. Similarly, the mean free path for 40BaO-60SiO2 increases from 0.006 cm to 7.23 cm with increasing energy from 0.015 to 15 MeV while it increases from 0.02 cm to 10.37 cm for 40SrO-60SiO2 in the same energy range. The lower half-value layer and mean free path for 40BaO-60SiO2 than for 40SrO-60SiO2 in the entire energy range is attributed to the higher density of Ba in 40BaO-60SiO2 than that of Sr in the 40SrO-60SiO2. The higher mass- and linear-attenuation coefficients and lower half- and tenth-value layers and mean free path for 40BaO-60SiO2 (with higher density) than for 40SrO-60SiO2 (with lower density) suggest that 40BaO-60SiO2 is more efficient in shielding the X-rays than the 40SrO-60SiO2. Therefore, it is inferred that 40BaO-60SiO2 glass can be used as a potential shielding material for medical applications such as in X-ray rooms and radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is an emerging area of science that deals with making and designing of nanosized objects having widespread applications. Nanomaterials or nanosized objects have that have at least one dimension in the nanoscale range. Nanozymes are enzymes or nanomaterials showing enzyme-like properties. Nanozymes have similar advantages that are associated with other nanomaterials, too. Nanozymes have combined properties of nanomaterials as well as enzymes, they are capable of leading innovations in science and medicine, and their utility has been demonstrated by the emergence of large number of nanotechnology-based products in the modern scenario for disease prevention and diagnosis. Many of the products utilize enzyme-mimicking properties of the nanozymes besides their other properties. But they do have their limitations and disadvantages. The present review focuses on the diverse potential uses of this newly identified group of enzymes with specific reference to their applications in tackling various aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Trauma registries are essential tools for improving trauma care quality and efficiency, but many fail to capture long-term patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Focusing on these outcomes is crucial for understanding the extent of disability patients experience and identifying potential post-discharge interventions to optimize recovery. Studies reflecting the experience from low- and middle-income countries in this area are limited. Therefore, we aim to develop a digital trauma registry in Pakistan to prospectively capture patient-reported outcome measures at one, three, six, and twelve months post-injury. Methods: We will develop and implement a digital trauma registry at two tertiary care facilities in Karachi, Pakistan: Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. The registry will include all admitted adult trauma patients (≥ 18 years). Data collection will be conducted digitally using tablets, with mortality, level of disability, functional status, and quality of life as primary outcomes. Follow-up data will be collected through telephone interviews with patients and caregivers. We will employ descriptive statistics to summarize participant's socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, we will perform survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models and utilize mixed-effects linear regression to adjust for potential confounders for primary outcomes. Discussion: The trauma registry will fill the current gap in knowledge regarding long-term outcomes among trauma patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study will delineate future direction for capturing post-discharge data, enhancing our understanding of recovery, and informing the design of interventions aimed at improving long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of disease vectors and agricultural pest management, insecticides play a crucial role in preserving global health and ensuring food security. The pervasive use, particularly of organophosphates (OPs), has given rise to a substantial challenge in the form of insecticide resistance. Carboxylesterases emerge as key contributors to OP resistance, owing to their ability to sequester or hydrolyze these chemicals. Consequently, carboxylesterase enzymes become attractive targets for the development of novel insecticides. Inhibiting these enzymes holds the potential to restore the efficacy of OPs against which resistance has developed. This study aimed to screen the FooDB library to identify potent inhibitory compounds targeting carboxylesterase, Ha006a from the agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera. The ultimate objective is to develop effective interventions for pest control. The compounds with the highest scores underwent evaluation through docking studies and pharmacophore analysis. Among them, four phytochemicals—donepezil, protopine, 3′,4′,5,7-tetramethoxyflavone, and piperine—demonstrated favorable binding affinity. The Ha006a-ligand complexes were subsequently validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Biochemical analysis, encompassing determination of IC50 values, complemented by analysis of thermostability through Differential Scanning Calorimetry and interaction kinetics through Isothermal Titration Calorimetry was conducted. This study comprehensively characterizes Ha006a-ligand complexes through bioinformatics, biochemical, and biophysical methods. This investigation highlights 3′,4′,5,7-tetramethoxyflavone as the most effective inhibitor, suggesting its potential for synergistic testing with OPs. Consequently, these inhibitors offer a promising solution to OP resistance and address environmental concerns associated with excessive insecticide usage, enabling a significant reduction in their overuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In light of the shift in focus from information communication technology (ICT) access (access divide) and skills (skills divide) to the tangible impacts of ICT use (impact divide), a growing number of scholars have called for further investigation into the inter-territorial and multi-dimensional aspects of the digital divide in China. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the disparities across 31 provinces, particularly emphasizing the transition from the traditional access and skills divides to the impact divide. Design/methodology/approach: Multivariate regression analysis extensively investigates the transition from the access and skills divides to the impact divide across 31 provinces. Additionally, ArcGIS software is used to analyze spatial agglomeration and the auto-correlation (Moran-i) and predict mapping patterns in the data corresponding to all three levels of the digital divide. Findings: According to the study's findings, poverty is a significant factor in the digital divide between different regions in China. The research shows that provinces with advanced administrative systems, such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Shandon and Zhejiang, have high scores on the digital development index (DDI). However, regions with poverty-ridden and rural areas, primarily located in southwest, central and western China, tend to have lower DDI scores. Originality/value: This study offers a novel contribution to the literature by presenting an innovative conceptual framework that explores the impact divide within China's provinces. The authors also address this lacuna in the literature by developing and testing two dimensions to examine the relationships statistically under a wide range of socioeconomic and ICT indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The triple burden of disease, i.e. communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries, has significantly affected the healthcare system of Pakistan during the last three decades. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyse the 30-year disease burden trends through prevalence, death rates and percentages. Methods The data for the last three decades, i.e. 1990 to 2019, was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease for Pakistan. Percentage change in prevalence and deaths over 30 years was calculated. Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the triple disease burden trends and the incidence rate ratio. Results A relative decrease of 23.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus and dengue fever. A relative increase of 1.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases. A relative increase of 56.1% was recorded in the prevalence rate of injuries. The prevalence rate ratios of communicable diseases significantly decreased to 0.9796 [95% CI: 0.9887–0.9905], but the prevalence rate of injury increased to 1.0094 [95% CI: 1.0073–1.01145], respectively. Conclusion Pakistan must take the next steps and develop strategies to decrease this burden and mortality rates in the population to create better outcomes and therefore help the healthcare system overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the successful consolidation of the Islamic State movement within the Sunni insurgency in Iraq from 2003 to 2014. We rely on insurgent media releases, captured documents, and a declassified U.S. military study of the Sunni insurgency in Anbar to evaluate the Islamic State movement's complex relationship with its Sunni Arab rivals. We found the group moved through sequential stages of cooperative, competitive, and coercive consolidation to achieve hegemony in the insurgent field. Each phase of transition entailed organizational changes, including mergers, re-branding, and new structures. The movement's well-developed ideology and state-building project distinguished it from peers whose political agendas were too diffuse to establish lasting coalitions. The tribal Awakening that worked with the Americans to temporarily defeat the Islamic State of Iraq also badly splintered its rivals and failed to prevent the revitalization of the Islamic State movement, setting the foundation for its short-lived caliphate project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning stands out as a flexible and viable method, presenting designed nanoscale materials with customized properties. This research demonstrates the immobilization of carboxylesterase protein Ha006a, reported for its adequacy in pesticide bioremediation by utilizing the electrospinning strategy. This strategy was utilized to create nanofibers by incorporating variable mixtures of biodegradable and cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan (CS) nanofiber solution (PVA100, PVA96, PVA94, PVA92 and PVA90). All the mixtures were electrospun at a reliable voltage of 21 kV, maintaining a gap of 12 cm from the nozzle. The Ha006a, sourced from Helicoverpa armigera, was consolidated into the optimized PVA90 polymer mixture. The electrospun nanofibers experienced comprehensive characterization utilizing distinctive microscopy and spectroscopy procedures counting FESEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The comparative investigation of the esterase property, ideal parameters and stability of the unbound and bound/immobilized Ha006a was scrutinized. The results uncovered an essential elevation in the ideal conditions of enzyme activity post-immobilization. The PVA-CS control nanofiber and Ha006a-PVA-CS showed a smooth structure, including an average breadth of around 170.5 ± 44.2 and 222.5 ± 66.5 nm, respectively. The enzyme-immobilized nanofibers displayed upgraded stability and comprehensive characterization of the nanofiber, which guaranteed genuineness and reproducibility, contributing to its potential as a potent device for bioremediation applications. This investigation opens the way for the manufacture of pesticide-resistant insect enzyme-based nanofibers, unlocking their potential for assorted applications, counting pesticide remediation and ensuring environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar possesses unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area, a high carbon content, sufficient capacity for cation exchange, and a robust structure. However, biochar contains hazardous pollutants like volatile organic compounds that harm soil properties and functionality. Although several studies on biochar production from various feedstocks have been undertaken in recent years, several issues about feedstock preparation, economic feasibility, influencing factors, and the proper utilization of biochar production processes need to be addressed. This paper thus addresses these issues by providing potential solutions identified through a comprehensive review. Slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and Acacia nilotica yields biochar from 20 to 52 wt% at various temperatures and residence times. Biochar yield varies from 29 to 48.3 wt% when waste tires and corn stalks are rapidly pyrolyzed at higher temperatures and for shorter periods. Torrefaction of algal biomass at moderate temperatures with different residence times can result in a substantial yield of 50–60 wt%. However, the variability and heterogeneity of waste feedstocks pose potential challenges affecting biochar's quality and properties. Given its widespread use in carbon sequestration, soil remediation, wastewater purification, and organic waste composting, the mechanisms of biochar production in environmental usage need to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the fabrication, characterization, and environmental impact analysis of a super-oleophobic (under water) and super-hydrophilic mesh membrane for oily water treatment. In order to prepare mesh membrane, Titania nanoparticles (NPs) were spray coated on mesh stainless steel followed by calcination at 500 °C. After that, the Titania-coated mesh membrane was characterized using contact angle goniometry (CA), XRD, FE-SEM, EDX and elemental mapping. The FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping and XRD results confirmed that the Titania NPs were successfully coated on the surface of mesh membrane. CA results demonstrated that the prepared mesh membrane is super-hydrophilic and super-oleo phobic under water conditions, making it suitable for oil/water separation. Subsequently, life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to determine the environmental impacts of Titania NPs-coated mesh membrane fabrication process. LCA results indicate that electricity and nitrogen contributed the most toward the eighteen environmental impact categories considered for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecocritical analysis of Omar El Akkad's novel "American War" examines how literature can raise awareness of climate change and its consequences. The study demonstrates how the novel's dystopian future of environmental catastrophe can spark critical environmental debate. Literature's power to transform society is key to addressing the global threats posed by climate change, which impacts ecosystems, health, and the economy. The qualitative study analyzes the novel's themes, characters, and story structures, revealing how it vividly depicts a future America devastated by climate change, rising sea levels, and ecological collapse. Dystopian stories like "American War" underscore the urgency of climate change and promote environmental consciousness in schools and society. Interdisciplinary methods combining literary and environmental science can further expand thinking and engage people in combating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the impact of board resources arising from diverse board members on the achievement of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals. Employing resource dependence theory as our frame and drawing on qualitative data from 41 interviews with board directors of publicly traded and privately held companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we identify three key mechanisms underpinning the achievement of ESG goals, namely, the leveraging of particular connections, the deployment of different resources, and the harnessing of a range of diversity types. We find that the use of social resources is often related to environmental concerns and occasionally social goals, but rarely governance issues. We also find that financial motivations often drive environmental issues, while many of the social resources that added value occurred in the public sector. Importantly, the combining of both skill and social resources, rather than relying on each alone, was seen to increase the likelihood of achieving ESG goals. Our findings also point to the importance of board diversity in accomplishing the board's ESG goals, most especially functional diversity. We propose that such functional diversity, along with resources in the form of social resources and skills, needs to feature more prominently in order to improve ESG performance and outcomes. We highlight the implications of our work, especially regarding the establishment of board diversity policies beyond gender alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas exploration adversely affects aquatic life and living organisms, necessitating treatment before discharge to meet effluent permissible limits. This study first used activated sludge to pretreat PW in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The pretreated PW then entered a 13 L photobioreactor (PBR) containing Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae culture. Initially, 10% of the PW mixed with 90% microalgae culture in the PBR. After the exponential growth of the microalgae, an additional 25% of PW was added to the PBR without extra nutrients. This study reported the growth performance of microalgae in the PBR as well as the reduction in effluent's total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metals content. The results demonstrated removal efficiencies of 64% for TOC, 49.8% for TDS, and 49.1% for EC. The results also showed reductions in barium, iron, and manganese in the effluent by 95, 76, and 52%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In healthy older adults, the immune system generally preserves its response and contributes to a long, healthy lifespan. However, rapid deterioration in immune regulation can lead to chronic inflammation, termed inflammaging, which accelerates pathological aging and diminishes the quality of life in older adults with frailty. A significant limitation in current aging research is the predominant focus on comparisons between young and older populations, often overlooking the differences between healthy older adults and those experiencing pathological aging. Our study elucidates the intricate immunological dynamics of the CD4/Treg axis in frail older adults compared to comparable age-matched healthy older adults. By utilizing publicly available RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we identified a specific Treg cell subset and transcriptional landscape contributing to the dysregulation of CD4+ T-cell responses. We explored the molecular mechanisms underpinning Treg dysfunction, revealing that Tregs from frail older adults exhibit reduced mitochondrial protein levels, impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This impairment is driven by the TNF/NF-kappa B pathway, leading to cumulative inflammation. Further, we gained a deeper understanding of the CD4/Treg axis by predicting the effects of gene perturbations on cellular signaling networks. Collectively, these findings highlight the age-related relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in the CD4/Treg axis and its role in accelerating aging and frailty in older adults. Targeting Treg dysfunction offers a critical basis for developing tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the quality of life in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus stands as a vital nutrient crucial for plant growth, demanding efficient utilization for sustainable agricultural practices. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) have surfaced as promising allies in enhancing phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) within cropping systems. This review encapsulates recent insights into the essential role of PSMs in bolstering PUE and their influence on cropping systems. We discuss the mechanisms through which PSMs facilitate the solubilization of insoluble phosphates in the soil, rendering them accessible for plant uptake. PSMs exhibit the capacity to produce organic acids, enzymes, and siderophores, which aid in releasing phosphorus from soil minerals, thus amplifying their availability to plants. Additionally, we explore the symbiotic relationships between PSMs and plants, elucidating how PSMs foster plant growth and development by generating plant growth-promoting hormones, countering pathogens through antibiosis, and enhancing stress tolerance. Harnessing the potential of PSMs emerges as a promising avenue to combat phosphorus deficiency and foster sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Critically ill patients have increased risk of cardiovascular collapse following endotracheal intubation due to physiological instability. This study aims to validate the Difficult Airway Physiological Score (DAPS) in adults to predict the risk of serious outcomes in the emergency department of a tertiary care private hospital. Methods. This is a cohort study conducted in the emergency department (ED) from 2021 to 2022. Difficult Airway Physiological Score (DAPS) was derived from a sample of 1021 patients through a retrospective study. The variables in the score were age, gender, time of intubation, vitals and vomiting at presentation, pH <7.3, fever, physician's anticipation for patient decline, and agitation. The model performance was assessed prospectively on a separate dataset (n = 326) using train-test split method. Postintubation desaturation, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and mortality postintubation were the serious outcomes. ROC analysis, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were used to assess score validity. Results. Our study includes 326 patients, of which 123 (37.7%) were males and 203 (62.2%) were females. The sample was divided into high-risk (DAPS ≥10) group, n = 194 with mean age of 52 (SD = ±18) years, and low-risk (DAPS <10) group, n = 132 with mean age of 47.7 (SD = ±17.4) years. The shock index ≥0.9 was in 128 (66%), while it was <0.9 in low-risk n = 111 (84%), p value <0.001. Similarly, pH <7.3 was seen in 70 (36.1%) in high-risk group compared to 4 (3%) in low-risk group, p value <0.001. Cardiac arrest was observed in 56 (17.2%) patients, of which 45 (23.2%) were in high-risk and 11 (8.3%) in low-risk groups (p < 0.001). Hypotension was the primary outcome in the high-risk group 100 (51.5%) versus 32 (24.2%) in low-risk group (p < 0.001). The DAPS of 10 had an area under the curve of 0.865 (0.71–0.84). The sensitivity of DAPS was 78.5%, specificity 77.9%, and accuracy 78.2%. Conclusion. The score can accurately predict serious outcomes in critically ill adult patients with physiologically difficult airway demonstrating good sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landfill leachate forms when waste-inherent water and percolated rainfall transfer are highly toxic, corrosive, acidic, and full of environmental pollutants. The release of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites poses a severe hazard to human health and aquatic life. This study examined the impact of leachate from Delhi's Ghazipur landfill on the nearby groundwater quality. Analysis of leachate samples was done to determine various parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD5, COD, nitrate, sulphate, chloride and iron, and presence of coliform bacteria. Significant dissolved elements (22,690–34,525 mg/L) were observed in the samples, indicated by the high conductivity value (1156–1405 mho/cm). However, a stable pH range (6.90–7.80) of leachate samples was observed due to high alkalinity concentrations between 2123 and 3256 mg/L. The inverse distance weighing (IDW) interpolation tool from QGIS 3.22.7 developed spatial interpolated models for each parameter across the Ghazipur area. The IDW interpolated graphs of various parameters over the whole study area confirmed these contaminations. In addition, leachate and groundwater samples were physio-chemically analyzed, and temporal fluctuation in landfill waste has also been studied. The temporal fluctuation results showed that when heat is produced, transmitted, and lost throughout the waste system, the maximum temperature position fluctuates over time. The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of landfill management in reducing groundwater contamination from MSW leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the study of the removal of a refractory contaminant, i.e., Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous systems by a novel adsorbent comprising Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria and zero valent iron nanoparticle (nZVI). A gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria used in the study were isolated from wastewater (WW) received from the effluent of leather industries. The adsorbents were prepared with bacteria, nZVI alone, and a combination of both. The adsorbent comprising both elements was found to remove Cr(VI) with a higher percentage (93%) and higher capacities (0.58 mg/g) as compared to adsorbent with bacteria (Cr(VI) removal = 63%, qe = 0.163 mg/g) or nanoparticles (Cr(VI) removal = 80%, qe = 0.45 mg/g) alone. The adsorbent worked best at neutral pH, and the removal became saturated after 90 min of incubation. Equilibrium studies with isotherm modeling suggested that the adsorption process follows sips isotherm (R2 = 0.9955), which is expected to bean intra-particle diffusion process before the actual adsorption. Process kinetics was modeled with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Vermeulen model. The diffusion coefficient determined by fitting the kinetic data to Vermeulen model was found to be 0.0000314 cm2/s. The adsorbent can be tested further for continuous flow processes to find more insights about the usage on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a solvothermal approach is introduced to synthesize a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanocomposite (GO/UiO-66-NDC) for the removal of Cr(VI) from water. A comprehensive analysis was performed to understand the physical, chemical, and structural properties of the MOF nanocomposite. The adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) was investigated by changing various parameters, such as pH, dosage, and concentration, to determine isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The results showed that the nanocomposite had a high tolerance to pH and thermal stability, with a high adsorption capacity of 157.23 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) at pH 3 due to the presence of zirconium oxide clusters. The density functional theory simulations showed that the nanocomposite had ten times more dynamic delocalized surface states, which enhanced the adsorption capacity and agreed with the experimental results. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited better regeneration performance compared to previously reported materials, making it a promising super-adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modern development is patented by rapid urbanization, which largely negatively affects the quality of life. Over the past few decades in the World; in the field of urban planning and the real estate market, Mixed-use development has become a Centre of attention. Karachi is the mega city with the highest population in Pakistan. Gulshan-e Iqbal is considered an upper to upper-middle-class income group residential place where mostly vertical development is observed. Soon the area gets popular for living, and road-facing flats started to engage in Residential cum commercial activities i.e., mixed-used development problems (traffic jams, people's regular mobility, etc.) for residents arose and as the area got crowded day by day these problems became more critical. The present research aimed to examine the land-use type, and its distribution in the area of Gulshan-e-Iqbal I, and investigate the causes of the failure of Mixed-Use Neighborhood development and to prove the problem environmental impact assessment of the area have also been done. Materials and methods: Object-based analyses have been conducted on a very high-resolution image of the SAS planet, Digitization has been done on the image later classified into 14 major classes. After attempting the strategic objective identification of issues causing Mobility, an inductive approach (Resident Survey) to analyze the resident perception and to validate issues raised due to mixed-use development, Environmental Impact Analysis has been done. Air Quality of study area has been done, in this regard PM 10 ppm, PM 1 ppm, PM 2.5, CO, CO2, and TVOC have been conducted for different timings. Wind Velocity has also been recorded for the same locations. Results and discussion: It has been investigated that mixed-use development is spread over the entire area by different ratios i.e., 7.3% by functional land-use, 24% of mixed-use development occupied 24% of total land-use in the area. From public perception, it is concluded that most people have their cars even more than two, and 66.7% park their cars on the streets rather than inside their premises. PM10 ppm values are higher along major roads and expressways and mixed-use development zones. PM2.5 reading is higher (249–267 ppm) at the mixed-use development. The overall Gulshan e Iqbal 1 is under the influence of PM1 pollution i.e., ranged from 153 to 248 ppm. The maximum emission (67–73 ppm) of Carbon monoxide is found at ATMs. The vast spread of CO2 in the atmosphere but along the main roads and interjections i.e., 342 ppm while the highest reading reached up to 800. TVOC is commonly found in congested places where there is more transport in limited areas. Wind velocity is found where the built-up structure is compact wind velocity is ultimately low but the concentration of pollution is higher. Conclusions and recommendations: This study will be helpful to plan a suitable planning strategy to reduce the daily havoc generated by the constant flux of traffic, for urban development and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a feared complication after surgical valve replacement accounting for 10% to 30% of all cases of IE. Our case is unique as we present a decompensated heart failure patient with IE who urgently needed mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to stabilize while IE was treated. We used Impella to bridge him to sterile state before heart transplant was done. This case highlights the importance of different strategies for bridge to heart transplant in decompensated heart failure patients with endocarditis. Case summary We describe a case of 62-year-old male who initially presented with severe shortness of breath with minimal exertion, weight gain, and lower extremity oedema diagnosed with acute on chronic systolic heart failure (HF) exacerbation (ACC stage D, NYHA class IV). Initial blood cultures and extensive work-up for IE were negative. He continued to decompensate haemodynamically despite inotropic support and the decision was to proceed with durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as bridge to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Immediately prior to LVAD implantation, patient's blood cultures became positive for Cutibacterium acnes. Echocardiogram revealed IE on bioprosthetic aortic valve. Patient therefore underwent urgent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and was stabilized with Impella 5.5. Discussion We highlight a case where MCS with Impella was used as a bridge to transplant in a decompensated HF patient who was septic. Patient was listed for OHT but was found to be septic due to IE and had to undergo AVR to achieve infection source control prior to undergoing heart transplant. Impella was used effectively to stabilize ACC stage D/NYHA class IV patient while he recovered from AVR and endocarditis before his blood cultures cleared up and he was listed for OHT. He successfully underwent OHT after 3 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, centered on the Asan Wetland in Uttarakhand, examines the ecological impact of heavy metals on aquatic insects biodiversity. It highlights the detrimental effects of metals like chromium, mercury, and lead, stemming from natural and anthropogenic sources, on aquatic insects diversity. Aquatic insects, particularly sensitive to water quality, are emphasized as key indicators of environmental health, illustrating the importance of understanding and managing the influences on wetland ecosystems. Wetland ecosystems are vulnerable to various environmental stressors, including pollution from heavy metals. These toxic substances can alter water quality parameters, disrupt nutrient cycling, and negatively impact the biodiversity and ecological balance of the system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of several heavy metals (namely Cd, As, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Al, Cr) on the distribution and biodiversity of various aquatic insect species, including Coeleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. The research utilized data collected between November 2021 and October 2022 from specifically chosen sites (S1, S2, S3) within the Asan Wetland in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. After collecting and identifying samples, various statistical (Sorenson, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Margelef index) and multivariate tests (CCA, PCA, One-way Anova), have been applied to show the effects of these parameters. This study offers significant findings regarding the distribution patterns of heavy metals, the abundance of aquatic insects, and their interconnectedness within the ecosystem of the Asan Wetland. The abundance of aquatic insects, represented by 13 genera belonging to 6 orders, was assessed at three different sites (S1, S2, and S3) within the wetland. It was concluded that the heavy metals concentration and aquatic insects' density increases and decreases vice-versa in monsoon and winter seasons might be due to unfavourable factors. These findings contribute to the understanding of ecological dynamics and potential impacts of heavy metals on aquatic biota in wetland environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our research was to design and evaluate an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model using a systemic grid search for the early prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among patients presenting to the triage of an emergency department. Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study using electronic health records from January 2017 to December 2020. The research population consists of adults coming to our emergency department triage at Aga Khan University Hospital. The MACE during hospitalization was the main outcome. To enhance the architecture of an ANN using triage data, we used a systematic grid search strategy. Four hidden ANN layers were used, followed by an output layer. Following each hidden layer was back normalization and a dropout layer. MACE was predicted using three binary classifiers: ANN, Random Forests (RF), and logistic regression (LR). The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and recall of these models were examined. Each model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and an F1-score with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 97,333 emergency department visits were recorded during the study period, with 33% of patients having cardiovascular symptoms. The mean age was 54.08 (19.18) years old. The MACE was observed in 23,052 (23.7%) of the patients, in-hospital (up to 30 days) mortality in 10,888 (11.2%) patients, and cardiac arrest in 5483 (5.6%) patients. The data used for training and validation were 77,866 and 19,467 in an 80:20 ratio, respectively. The AUC score for MACE with ANN was 0.97, which was greater than RF (0.96) and LR (0.96). Similarly, the precision-recall curve for MACE utilizing ANN was greater (0.94 vs. 0.93 for RF and 0.93 for LR). The sensitivity for MACE prediction using ANN, RF, and LR classifiers was 99.3%, 99.4%, and 99.2%, respectively, with the specificities being 94.5%, 94.2%, and 94.2%, respectively. Conclusion: When triage data is used to predict MACE, death, and cardiac arrest, ANN with systemic grid search gives precise and valid outcomes and will benefit in predicting MACE in emergency rooms with limited resources that have to deal with a substantial number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

F‐box proteins constitute a significant family in eukaryotes and, as a component of the Skp1p‐cullin‐F‐box complex, are considered critical for cellular protein degradation and other biological processes in plants. Despite their importance, the functions of F‐box proteins, particularly those with C‐terminal leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains, remain largely unknown in plants. Therefore, the present study conducted genome‐wide identification and in silico characterization of F‐BOX proteins with C‐terminal LRR domains in soybean (Glycine max L.) (GmFBXLs). A total of 45 GmFBXLs were identified. The phylogenetic analysis showed that GmFBXLs could be subdivided into ten subgroups and exhibited a close relationship with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer aretineum, and Medicago trunculata. It was observed that most cis‐regulatory elements in the promoter regions of GmFBXLs are involved in hormone signalling, stress responses, and developmental stages. In silico transcriptome data illustrated diverse expression patterns of the identified GmFBXLs across various tissues, such as shoot apical meristem, flower, green pods, leaves, nodules, and roots. Overexpressing (OE) GmFBXL12 in Tianlong No.1 cultivar resulted in a significant difference in seed size, number of pods, and number of seeds per plant, indicated a potential increase in yield compared to wild type. This study offers valuable perspectives into the role of FBXLs in soybean, serving as a foundation for future research. Additionally, the identified OE lines represent valuable genetic resources for enhancing seed‐related traits in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of technologies in many countries, pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC), personal care products (PPCPs), and other medicines have been treated by particular facilities. Although the overall rate of PhACs extraction from hospital wastewater (HWW) through different secondary wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been high equal to 79–99%, activity and proliferation of neurotransmitters are inhibited by antiseptics due to the low removal rate of some elements, such as naproxen, excellent-performance technologies are still needed. Venlafaxine and citalopram are the most used antidepressants associated with 10–12% removal value through WWTPs. While HWW contains various types of antibiotics, they improve biocides' bacterial tolerance against treatment. Ozonation is one of the methods to enhance biodegradability, whereas biofilm reactors have effectively removed emerging contaminants (ECs). Combined activate sludge (CAS) and membrane filtration bioreactors will potently exclude compounds, but previous studies show that membrane filtration bioreactors are around 30%-55% more efficient. ECs elimination in tertiary treatment has shown its great ability rather than conventional treatment sectors. Moreover, ozone treatment can decrease in PPCPs value as 90–98% through activated carbon beds. Activated carbon (NAC) has shown its full capability for micropollutants removal from PAC and membrane bioreactors as well as PPCP reside removal from treated effluents. The ratio of infect COVID-19 in one area was directly proportional, as revealed by SARS-CoV-2 detection in both HWW and wastewater in almost all countries. In this research study, multiple treatment techniques are evaluated in order to offer great-performance technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics show that the inhabitants of Poland are producing increasingly more household waste. This article attempts to determine the current level of development of Poland in the field of waste management concerning other EU countries and partner countries; identify trends in the mass of generated, segregated, and mixed municipal waste; and obtain an idea of the attitude of the Polish population toward sorting waste at the source to bring the country to a higher level of waste management. The empirical base is statistical data published on the website of the EU Data Explorer and the Central Statistical Office. The ranking of countries was determined by the TOPSIS method using a synthetic indicator based on the selected diagnostic features. The significance of the obtained ranks was tested using the non-parametric Friedman test (p < 0.01). We established that Poland has been consistently ranked 16th-17th over the past 5 years. Unfortunately, thus far, no systematic approach has been found to raise citizens' awareness, which may be due to the lack of the necessary amount of data. Researchers recommend investigating the sensitivity of the relationship between the generation of alternative energy from waste and the authorities' action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx or NP) is the first site of influenza replication, allowing the virus to disseminate to the lower respiratory tract or promoting community transmission. The host response in the NP regulates an intricate balance between viral control and tissue pathology. The hyper-inflammatory responses promote epithelial injury, allowing for increased viral dissemination and susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. However, the pathologic contributors to influenza upper respiratory tissue pathology are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin IL-17 recetor A (IL-17RA) as a modulator of influenza host response and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. We used a combined experimental approach involving IL-17RA-/- mice and an air-liquid interface (ALI) epithelial culture model to investigate the role of IL-17 response in epithelial inflammation, barrier function, and tissue pathology. Our data show that IL-17RA-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced neutrophilia, epithelial injury, and viral load. The reduced NP inflammation and epithelial injury in IL-17RA-/- mice correlated with increased resistance against co-infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). IL-17A treatment, while potentiating the apoptosis of IAV-infected epithelial cells, caused bystander cell death and disrupted the barrier function in ALI epithelial model, supporting the in vivo findings. Author summary: The nasopharynx is the first site of influenza virus replication. The defects in the orchestration or regulation of host response in the upper respiratory tract cause localized tissue damage that can allow the development of a high viral load, resulting in community transmission or dissemination into the lungs. Further, since the nasopharynx is a primary site of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial colonization, influenza-induced tissue damage can convert commensal bacterial colonization into an active infection by promoting bacterial outgrowth and dissemination. The mechanisms underlying influenza-induced tissue damage in the nasopharynx are not fully understood. A better understanding of how the influenza virus develops pathologic host response in the nasopharynx could help develop new treatments against influenza and influenza-associated severe bacterial infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Using an experimental mouse model with localized nasopharyngeal influenza infection, we show that IL-17RA, a receptor for interleukin IL-17A, is a significant contributor to influenza tissue damage in the nasopharynx and promotes severe bacterial co-infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. We show that IL-17RA mediated tissue damage in the nasopharynx results from enhanced recruitment of neutrophils, as well as a direct tissue damage associated function of IL-17RA on nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the physical–thermal properties of nanofluids made from graphene powder, propylene glycol, and water. Propylene glycol and water were mixed in the following ratios to make nanofluids: 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50. Graphene was added at 0.25 and 0.5% of the mixture's volume to the three base fluids. Nanofluids' viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat are studied. After mixing with graphene nanopowder, critical fluids increased in density and thermal conductivity. Essential fluids showed these advantages. When the temperature was elevated, viscosity and specific heat decreased. Despite constant temperatures, this was the case. Increasing graphene concentration increases thermal conductivity by 10–16%. The viscosity of nanofluids with graphene nanopowder is less affected by temperature. As temperature rises, nanofluid density falls. Temperature and density are inversely related; thus, this makes sense. Adding graphene to propylene glycol at different concentrations increased its specific heat by 8–14%, depending on the concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface waterbodies being primary source of water for human consumption are being investigated for its quality globally. This study evaluated water quality in three rivers (River Nfifikh, Hassar and El Maleh) of Mohammedia prefecture, Morocco in terms of heavy metals occurrence during two seasons of winter and spring. The heavy metals analyzed were cadmium, iron, copper, zinc, and lead. Heavy metal pollution index was derived to quantify water quality and pollution. Hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk were calculated to determine possible health risk. Modelling and prediction were performed using random forest, support vector machine and artificial neural network. The heavy metal concentration was lower in the winter season than in the spring season. Heavy metal pollution index (H.P.I.) was in the range of 1.5–2 during the winter season and 2–3 during the spring season. In the Nfifikh river, Cd2+ and Fe were the main polluting heavy metal. H.Q. was < 1 in all three rivers, which signified no adverse health effect from exposure to heavy metals. However, carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that 1 in every 100 people was susceptible to cancer during the life span of 70 years. Based on the control point reference, it was found that Mohammedia prefecture as river water was already contaminated before it entered the prefecture boundary. This was again validated with the water lagoon Douar El Marja which is located near the industrial zones of Mohammedia prefecture. Future studies are required to investigate pollution of rivers prior to their entry in Mohammedia prefecture to identify potential source and adopt mitigation measures accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum nanocomposite is fabricated through squeeze stir casting method where CNT, SiC/B4C powder has been used as a reinforcement in an aluminum matrix. Squeeze action in stir casting opted due to proper reinforcement of 2 vol% of CNT in the matrix. The boron carbide and silicon carbide have been added by 8 and 12 vol% in the matrix. Uniform distribution of reinforcement and phase analysis has been shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD analysis. The formation of intermetallic compounds like Al3BC and Al4C3, dislocation forests, and the interaction of the reinforcement with the matrix are all confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micro-mechanical behavior of aluminum nanocomposites was investigated using nano indentation. The nano hardness, Vickers hardness, and Young's modulus of 12 vol% B4C compared with 12 vol% of SiC are increased by 12%, 23%, and 16%, respectively, and the same trend has been observed for the 8 vol% B4C reinforced composite. The model analysis for Young's modulus has been done and the experimental value for the modulus of elasticity of the composite are validated and not find such differences significantly. The surface topography was determined, furrow scratches and wear scars, and it was discovered that B4C reinforced composites have reduced stripping pits inside the wear marks, as well as lower wear width and depth. Wear analysis is essential because abrasive encounters result in substantial damage owing to larger pits and bigger wear scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea is recognized as one of the most frequently used adulterants in milk to enhance artificial protein content, and whiteness. Drinking milk having high urea concentrations which causes innumerable health disputes like ulcers, indigestion, and kidney-related problems. Therefore, herein, a simple and rapid electroanalytical platform was developed to detect the presence of urea in milk using a modified electrode sensor. Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were green synthesized and used as a catalyst material for developing the sensor. Synthesized materials formation was confirmed by different techniques like FTIR, UV–visible, XRD, SEM–EDX, and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified using the CaO NPs and used as a working electrode during the analysis followed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The fabricated calcium oxide modified carbon paste electrode (CaO/CPE) successfully detected the presence of urea in the lower concentration range (lower limit of detection (LLOD) = 0.032 µM) having a wide linear detection range of 10–150 µM. Adsorption-controlled electrode process was achieved at the scan rate variation parameter. The leading parameters like the selectivity, repeatability, and stability of the CaO/CPE were investigated. The relative standard deviation of sensor was ± 3.8% during the interference and stability study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about survival outcomes after traumatic cardiac arrest in Asia, or the association of Utstein factors with survival after traumatic cardiac arrests. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic cardiac arrests in Asia, and analyze Utstein factors associated with survival. Traumatic cardiac arrest patients from 13 countries in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the primary outcomes of survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1-2), and the secondary outcome of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). There were 207,455 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, of which 13,631 (6.6%) were trauma patients aged 18 years and above with resuscitation attempted and who had survival outcomes reported. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range 39–73), 23.0% received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 1750 (12.8%) had ROSC, 461 (3.4%) survived to discharge, and 131 (1.0%) had CPC 1-2. Factors associated with higher rates of survival to discharge and favorable neurological outcome were arrests witnessed by emergency medical services or private ambulances (survival to discharge adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.99–4.38; CPC 1-2 aOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.25–5.27), bystander CPR (survival to discharge aOR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.71–2.72; CPC 1-2 aOR = 4.98, 95% CI = 3.27–7.57), and initial shockable rhythm (survival to discharge aOR = 12.00; 95% CI = 6.80–21.17; CPC 1-2 aOR = 33.28, 95% CI = 11.39–97.23) or initial pulseless electrical activity (survival to discharge aOR = 3.98; 95% CI = 2.99–5.30; CPC 1-2 aOR = 5.67, 95% CI = 3.05–10.53) relative to asystole. In traumatic cardiac arrest, early aggressive resuscitation may not be futile and bystander CPR may improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum nanocomposite is fabricated through squeeze stir casting method where CNT, SiC/B4C powder has been used as a reinforcement in an aluminum matrix. Squeeze action in stir casting opted due to proper reinforcement of 2 vol% of CNT in the matrix. The boron carbide and silicon carbide have been added by 8 and 12 vol% in the matrix. Uniform distribution of reinforcement and phase analysis has been shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD analysis. The formation of intermetallic compounds like Al3BC and Al4C3, dislocation forests, and the interaction of the reinforcement with the matrix are all confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micro-mechanical behavior of aluminum nanocomposites was investigated using nano indentation. The nano hardness, Vickers hardness, and Young's modulus of 12 vol% B4C compared with 12 vol% of SiC are increased by 12%, 23%, and 16%, respectively, and the same trend has been observed for the 8 vol% B4C reinforced composite. The model analysis for Young's modulus has been done and the experimental value for the modulus of elasticity of the composite are validated and not find such differences significantly. The surface topography was determined, furrow scratches and wear scars, and it was discovered that B4C reinforced composites have reduced stripping pits inside the wear marks, as well as lower wear width and depth. Wear analysis is essential because abrasive encounters result in substantial damage owing to larger pits and bigger wear scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and can cause lesions that spread over space and time. Our study proposes a mathematical model that illustrates the progression of the disease and its likelihood of recurrence. We use Caputo fractional-order (FO) derivative operators to represent non-negative solutions and to establish a steady-state point and basic reproductive number. We also employ functional analysis to prove the existence of unique solutions and use the Ulam-Hyres (UH) notion to demonstrate the stability of the solution for the proposed model. Furthermore, we conduct numerical simulations using an Euler-type numerical technique to validate our theoretical results. Our findings are presented through graphs that depict various behaviors of the model for different parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Election prediction using sentiment analysis is a rapidly growing field that utilizes natural language processing and machine learning techniques to predict the outcome of political elections by analyzing the sentiment of online conversations and news articles. Sentiment analysis, or opinion mining, involves using text analysis to identify and extract subjective information from text data sources. In the context of election prediction, sentiment analysis can be used to gauge public opinion and predict the likely winner of an election. Significant progress has been made in election prediction in the last two decades. Yet, it becomes easier to have its comprehensive view if it has been appropriately classified approach-wise, citation-wise, and technology-wise. The main objective of this article is to examine and consolidate the progress made in research about election prediction using Twitter data. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art practices in this field while identifying potential avenues for further research and exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, the hybrid process potential of ultrasound (US) and electro-Fenton (EF), named sono-electro-Fenton (SEF), was fully investigated for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. The decontamination in the integration approach was revealed to be greater than in individual procedures, i.e., EF process (roughly 66%) and US process (roughly 15%). The key operating process factors (i.e., applied voltage, H2O2 content, pH, initial concentration of SDZ, and reaction time) affecting SDZ removal were evaluated and optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as an efficient predictive model was applied to forecast the decontamination efficiency of SDZ through the SEF process based on the same findings produced from BBD. The results revealed that the predictability of SDZ elimination by the ANFIS and BBD approaches exhibited an excellent agreement (a greater R2 of 0.99%) among the both models. Density functional theory was also employed to forecast the plausible decomposition elucidation by the bond-breaking mechanism of organic substances. Plus, the main side products of SDZ degradation during the SEF process were tracked. Eventually, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of different samples of natural water containing SDZ that was treated by adopting US, EF, and SEF processes was examined for the first time. The findings indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of all the purified water sources were computed in the permissible range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: BrSOC1b may promote early flowering of Chinese cabbage by acting on BrAGL9 a, BrAGL9 b, BrAGL2 and BrAGL8 proteins. SOC1 is a flowering signal integrator that acts as a key regulator in controlling plant flowering time. This study focuses on the cloning of the open reading frame of SOC1b (BrSOC1b, Gene ID: Bra000393) gene, and analyzes its structure and phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, various techniques such as vector construction, transgenic technology, virus-induced gene silencing technology, and protein interaction technology were employed to investigate the function of the BrSOC1b gene and its interactions with other proteins. The results indicate that BrSOC1b consists of 642 bp and encodes 213 amino acids. It contains conserved domains such as the MADS domain, K (keratin-like) domain, and SOC1 box. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that BrSOC1b shares the closest homology with BjSOC1 from Brassica juncea. Tissue localization analysis demonstrates that BrSOC1b exhibits the highest expression in the stem during the seedling stage and the highest expression in flowers during the early stage of pod formation. Sub-cellular localization analysis reveals that BrSOC1b is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Furthermore, through genetic transformation of the BrSOC1b gene, it was observed that Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing BrSOC1b flowered earlier and bolted earlier than wild-type plants. Conversely, Chinese cabbage plants with silenced BrSOC1b exhibited delayed bolting and flowering compared to the control plants. These findings indicate that BrSOC1b promotes early flowering in Chinese cabbage. Yeast two-hybrid and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses suggest that BrSOC1b may participate in the regulation of flowering by interacting with BrAGL9a, BrAGL9b, BrAGL2, and BrAGL8 proteins. Overall, this research holds significant implications for the analysis of key genes involved in regulating bolting and flowering in Chinese cabbage, as well as for enhancing germplasm innovation in Chinese cabbage breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the deep elimination of antibiotics in environmental bodies is exceptionally warranted. In this work, a ternary nanocomposite of FeNi3/SiO2/CuS (FSC) was fabricated and then integrated with UV light irradiation and hydrogen peroxide as the heterogeneous Fenton-like photocatalytic system for the decomposition of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous media. During this process, various influencing parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, initial content of TC, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose, and operating time were explored. At optimized circumstances, i.e., 5 of pH, 10 mg/L of TC concentration, 150 mg/L of H2O2 dosage, and 200 min of degradation time, the elimination proportion of TC was 96%. The results of capture agent tests clarified that hydroxyl radical (HO•) played the predominant role in the photocatalytic decontamination of TC. Moreover, with the elevated contact time and content of H2O2, the efficiency of TC decontamination increased significantly. Additionally, the findings of the stability and reusability experiments of the fabricated nanocomposite showed that the percentage of TC removal decreased by only about 5% after six cycles. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism of the decontamination of TC over the FSC photocatalyst was elucidated. Eventually, the non-carcinogenic risk analysis in the surface water sample was carried out using multiple photocatalytic processes for the first time. These outcomes obtained in this study validate that coupling the photocatalytic system and the H2O2 oxidation agent facilitates the elimination of a great variety of pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancement, on the one hand, leads to the enhanced quality of the final product but on the other hand, generates a good quantity of effluent. The wastewater containing dyes which emanates from the textile industry is a cause of worry. Hence, this paper focuses on the treatment of dyeing wastewater using the foam separation process as it offers several advantages over other traditional methods. Methylene blue (MB), owing to its ill effects on the entire ecosystem, has been considered as a model dye in this research work. The objective of this work is to remove MB from wastewater and at the same time, its recovery in the foam phase. The ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to perform separation of MB was compared. The following operating parameters were identified: contact time, initial pH of a feed solution, surfactant dose, volumetric flow rate of air, volume of liquid in the column, and concentration of dye; which greatly influence the separation parameters (% removal and enrichment ratio). Keeping in mind the importance of recovering MB from dilute solutions, the method to enhance foam drainage was devised by inserting an inverted funnel in the foam phase. In the presence of inverted funnel, the concentration of MB in the foamate doubled in comparison to the conventional column (without an inverted funnel). The comparison between SDS and SDBS divulged SDBS as a better surfactant to get concentrated solution of MB in the foamate, but the quantity of SDBS required was more. The optimization of operating variables was also done by using the Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. Finally, the concentration of MB was discovered to be the most responsive operating parameter for both separation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contains on the critical study of Pashto poetic translation of Quran by Syed Jaffar Husain shah. He did literal translation of the Holy Qur'an in Pashto in Mathnavī form. This translation was published from Peshawar in 1968. The literal translation in poetic form asks for technicalities which this work lacked perhaps. This study surfaces errors which are identified during the study. In this article, many things have been discussed regarding the Pashto poetic translation of the Qur'an by Jaffar Husain Shah. This is the only poetic translation of Pashto. This is a literal translation. The poetry of this translation is weak. In some verses the verses are not translated. Unfamiliar and obsolete Pashto words are used. In the translation, sometimes some extra words have been added and sometimes have been reduced from the words of verses. Mistakes have also been made in the writing of the Quranic text. Some verses have not been translated. Mistakes have been made in pronouns in the translation of some verses. Similarly, there is a difference in the meaning of some verses and its translation. All these issues are discussed in this article and evaluated. This article also explains how much the poets succeeded in presenting the message of Qur'ān. The merits and demerits of the translations have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study captures the precipitation synthesis of zinc nanoparticles and modification with alumina and oleic acid. The crystalline size evaluated from the XRD profile of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was 18.05 nm but was reduced to 14.20 and 14.50 nm upon modification with oleic acid and alumina. The XRD spectra also showed evidence of the amorphous nature of zinc oxide nanoparticles and subsequent enhancement upon modification. A porous appearance was observed in the SEM instrumentation but seems to be enhanced by modification. The FTIR absorption spectra of the nanoparticles showed a peak associated with ZnO vibration around 449 cm, but the enhanced intensity was observed due to modification. The prepared ZnO-NPs and the modified samples were good materials for the adsorption removal of glyphosate from water, recording efficiencies above 94% at neutral pH and showing a possible incremental trend with an enhanced period of contact and adsorbent dosage. The adsorbents showed maximum capacity that ranged from 82.85 to 82. 97 mg/g. The adsorption models of Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and BET showed excellent fitness. Results from computational results complemented experimental data and were used to identify the sites for adsorption and characteristics of molecular descriptors for the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a trainable hybrid approach involving a shallow autoencoder (AE) and a conventional classifier for epileptic seizure detection. The signal segments of a channel of electroencephalogram (EEG) (EEG epochs) are classified as epileptic and non-epileptic by employing its encoded AE representation as a feature vector. Analysis on a single channel-basis and the low computational complexity of the algorithm allow its use in body sensor networks and wearable devices using one or few EEG channels for wearing comfort. This enables the extended diagnosis and monitoring of epileptic patients at home. The encoded representation of EEG signal segments is obtained based on training the shallow AE to minimize the signal reconstruction error. Extensive experimentation with classifiers has led us to propose two versions of our hybrid method: (a) one yielding the best classification performance compared to the reported methods using the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier and (b) the second with a hardware-friendly architecture and yet with the best classification performance compared to other reported methods in this category using a support-vector machine (SVM) classifier. The algorithm is evaluated on the Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT), and University of Bonn EEG datasets. The proposed method achieves 98.85% accuracy, 99.29% sensitivity, and 98.86% specificity on the CHB-MIT dataset using the kNN classifier. The best figures using the SVM classifier for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 99.19%, 96.10%, and 99.19%, respectively. Our experiments establish the superiority of using an AE approach with a shallow architecture to generate a low-dimensionality yet effective EEG signal representation capable of high-performance abnormal seizure activity detection at a single-channel EEG level and with a fine granularity of 1 s EEG epochs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils limit plant growth. Consequently, chemical fertilizers are applied to fulfill crop nutrient demands. However, low nutrient utilization can make these fertilizers unprofitable for low-income smallholding farmers. Therefore, we studied the influence of Bradyrhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas) on N and P utilization by mungbean crop from fertilized nutrient-deficient soil. We inoculated novel Bradyrhizobium sp. TAL-377 and Pseudomonas sp. 54RB strains alone or their combination with seeds of mungbean varieties (C-MUNG, NM-06, and NM-11). A basal dose of chemical fertilizers was applied at the rate of 60 kg N and 90 kg P ha−1 in the form of urea and single super phosphate in all plots before crop sowing. All inocula increased soil mineral N and P compared to control (P < 0.05). Co-inoculation increased mineral N by 30%, 18%, and 18% than Bradyrhizobium sp. alone and increase in P was 22, 29 and 43% than Pseudomonas sp. in C-MUNG, NM-06, and NM-11, respectively. This resulted in 35%, 45%, and 36% higher shoot N uptakes than Bradyrhizobium sp., and 46%, 84%, and 62% higher shoot P uptake than Pseudomonas sp. in the varieties. Similarly, root nodulation, mungbean grains, and biological yields were higher in co-inoculation treatments than single strain (p <.05). Hence, co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) is a vital strategy to increase mungbean growth, yield, N and P utilization from chemical fertilizers applied in nutrient-deficient soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]