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Despite limitations in payload and range, cargo drones have promising applications in emergency logistics and remote delivery. In this study, we tackle these challenges by developing a high-capacity 3.84 kW battery specifically designed for a 50-kg-payload cargo drone operating in demanding terrains. Focusing on the transport of emergency goods, we investigate key drone design aspects and details of the battery pack development, including cell selection, internal configuration, and critical circuits for cell balancing, charging/discharging, and advanced battery management. A key innovation is the integration of a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) algorithm to predict the depth of discharge (DoD) and the state of charge (SoC). Research results show that BPANN offers highly accurate predictions, with error percentages as low as 0.12% for DoD and 0.02% for SoC, ensuring optimized and safe battery operation. Comprehensive field testing is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed cell balancing strategy, robust battery management system (BMS), and BPANN implementation. We investigate the drone's performance in terms of DoD, SoC, and overall field operation with the designed battery pack and demonstrate its feasibility and potential for realworld applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

November 30,2022) In recent years, a significant amount of study has been conducted on how to control the equilibrium of an electrical motorbike robot (EMBot). This is essential because a stable EMBot must be controlled by a reliable system. In this study, we explored a number of approaches for stabilizing an EMBot by using a control moment gyroscope (CMG). The momentum from a flywheel's rotation at a set speed is employed to counteract gravity and keep the EMBot balanced. To measure the roll angle of the EMBot, an inertial sensor is used. From generalized coordinate systems, a nonlinear mathematical model of the EMBot is derived using Lagrange's equation. Pole placement (PP) and linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers are utilized to test and observe the system's stability. By determining the appropriate locations of the closed- loop poles in the PP controller and finding the optimal A-matrix value by selecting closed-loop characteristics in the LQR method, the performance of the system in maintaining stability can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze whether the fixation of the stereotactic frame is stable and whether the location of the treated target coincides with its anatomical location during Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). Materials and methods: Stereotactic MR examinations using the same high-resolution MRI protocol were performed before and after GKS in 18 consecutive patients. The stereotactic (x,y,z) coordinates for three different anatomical landmarks were independently defined three times in each study for each landmark of the images taken before and after GKS by two of the authors, resulting in a total of 648 coordinate definitions. Results: The uncertainty in the readings of the coordinates for the anatomical landmarks was of the same magnitude as the difference in the coordinates before and after GKS in all but one patient. The differences in this one case were due to MR distortion and not to repositioning of the frame. The difference in the coordinates before and after treatment was not affected by the removal of one of the frontal fixation screws in one of the patients. Conclusions: The stereotactic frame position is stable and does not move. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine whether intratracheal (IT) lung protective manganese superoxide-plasmid/liposomes (MnSOD-PL) complex provided 'bystander' protection of thoracic tumors, mice with orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma-bacterial βgalactosidase gene (3LL-LacZ) were studied. There was no significant difference in irradiation survival of 3LL-LacZ cells irradiated, then cocultured with MnSOD-PL-treated compared with control lung cells (D[sub 0] 2.022 and 2.153, respectively), or when irradiation was delivered 24 h after coculture (D[sub 0] 0.934 and 0.907, respectively). Tumor-bearing control mice showed 50% survival at 18 days and 10% survival at 21 days. Mice receiving liposomes with no insert or LacZ-PL complex plus 18 Gy had 50% survival at 22 days, and a 20% and 30% survival at day 50, respectively. Mice receiving MnSOD-PL complex followed by 18 Gy showed prolonged survival of 45% at 50 days after irradiation (P < 0.001). Nested RT-PCR assay for the human MnSOD transgene demonstrated expression at 24 h in normal lung, but not in orthotopic tumors. Decreased irradiation induction of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, MIF, TNF-α, and IL-1 at 24 h was detected in lungs, but not orthotopic tumors from MnSOD-PL-injected mice (P < 0.001). Thus, pulmonary radioprotective MnSOD-PL therapy does not provide detectable 'bystander' protection to thoracic tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]