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Dysregulation at the intestinal epithelial barrier is a driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the molecular mechanisms of barrier failure are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate dysregulated mitochondrial fusion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with IBD and show that impaired fusion is sufficient to drive chronic intestinal inflammation. We found reduced expression of mitochondrial fusion–related genes, such as the dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and fragmented mitochondrial networks in crypt IECs of patients with IBD. Mice with Opa1 deficiency in the gut epithelium (Opa1i∆IEC) spontaneously developed chronic intestinal inflammation with mucosal ulcerations and immune cell infiltration. Intestinal inflammation in Opa1i∆IEC mice was driven by microbial translocation and associated with epithelial progenitor cell death and gut barrier dysfunction. Opa1-deficient epithelial cells and human organoids exposed to a pharmacological OPA1 inhibitor showed disruption of the mitochondrial network with mitochondrial fragmentation and changes in mitochondrial size, ultrastructure, and function, resembling changes observed in patient samples. Pharmacological inhibition of the GTPase dynamin-1–like protein in organoids derived from Opa1i∆IEC mice partially reverted this phenotype. Together, our data demonstrate a role for epithelial OPA1 in regulating intestinal immune homeostasis and epithelial barrier function. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed mitochondrial dysfunction in IBD and identify mitochondrial fusion as a potential therapeutic target in this disease. Editor's summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction. How cellular energetics and mitochondria may influence barrier function is not fully understood. Bao et al. showed that intestinal epithelial cells from patients with IBD had decreased optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a gene that promotes mitochondrial fusion. Opa1 was also decreased in a mouse model of IBD. Deletion of Opa1 in the mouse gut epithelium was sufficient to cause mitochondrial fragmentation and disease phenotypes. Human and mouse intestinal organoids confirmed that OPA1 was required for epithelial barrier functions. In OPA1-depleted organoids, inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1, an enzyme that promotes mitochondrial fission, reversed some pathological changes. Together, these results show that mitochondrial fission is a driver of IBD pathology and that targeting mitochondrial dynamics could be a strategy for therapeutic development. —Brandon Berry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing waste through automated quality control (AQC) has both positive economical and ecological effects. In order to incorporate AQC in packaging, multiple quality factor types (visual, informational, etc.) of a packaged artifact need to be evaluated. Thus, this work proposes an end-to-end quality control framework evaluating multiple quality control factors of packaged artifacts (visual, informational, etc.) to enable future industrial and scientific use cases. The framework includes an AQC architecture blueprint as well as a computer vision-based model training pipeline. The framework is designed generically, and then implemented based on a real use case from the packaging industry. As an innovate approach to quality control solution development, the data-centric artificial-intelligence (DCAI) paradigm is incorporated in the framework. The implemented use case solution is finally tested on actual data. As a result, it is shown that the framework's implementation through a real industry use case works seamlessly and achieves superior results. The majority of packaged artifacts are correctly classified with rapid prediction speed. Deep-learning-based and traditional computer vision approaches are both integrated and benchmarked against each other. Through the measurement of a variety of performance metrics, valuable insights and key learnings for future adoptions of the framework are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass meadows provide an important nursery and feeding habitat for fish, globally. However, limited data exist on how these vegetated coastal ecosystems affect local fish stocks over longer time periods. By means of beach seine hauling with a bio‐monitoring seine net, we collected fish data in Kronborg Bay (Denmark) over 4 years. The bay contains both vegetated and bare sediment areas in close proximity to Kronborg Castle in Elsinore and is part of the Øresund strait; a dynamic marine environment linking the Baltic Sea with the inner Danish waters (Kattegat). We investigated the biodiversity and fish abundance in a healthy seagrass meadow and compared it with a bare adjacent sediment area. We show that seagrass is important for fish species like the Atlantic cod, the two‐spotted goby, and the broadnosed pipefish. The seagrass meadow harboured more fish species and higher biodiversity, while the number of individuals was higher in the adjacent bare sediment area as a result of high abundances of lesser sand eel. Pilou's evenness and the Shannon‐Wiener index showed 2–4‐fold higher biodiversity in the seagrass meadow. The seagrass meadow harboured about 35% more fish species than the bare adjacent sediment. The Atlantic cod was almost entirely found in the seagrass meadow, while lesser sand eel that showed an overall increase in abundance in both habitats, represented the largest proportion of the total number of fish individuals (up to about 60%) and was mostly found on the bare adjacent sediment. Species abundance was analysed for changes over time, where, for example the European plaice showed an increase in abundance over the 4‐year period of investigation. Seagrass meadows can thus be very important for the Atlantic cod population in the Øresund strait and generally for local fish productivity, abundance and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports on an attempt toward improving the Relativistic Electron Alert System for Exploration (REleASE): the occurrence of a type‐III radio burst as a precondition for a REleASE forecast. REleASE forecasts are based on the detection of early arrival of near‐relativistic electrons ahead of more hazardous protons from Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. The goal is to allow astronauts on a Lunar or Mars mission sufficient advance warning to reach a radiation shelter to minimize radiation dose exposure. We test a new system that sets a condition of the occurrence of a type‐III radio burst, thus adding independent evidence of particle escape from the Sun, with the aim of reducing known sources of false‐alarms of the existing REleASE system. The High Energy Solar Particle Events foRecastIng and Analysis (HESPERIA) REleASE+ system, which takes advantage of availability of real‐time solar radio observations during the passage of STEREO‐A by Earth in 2023, has now been incorporated in the HESPERIA framework. We discuss the techniques used for automatic detection of type‐III radio bursts preparing for its real‐time implementation, the determination of selection criteria for type‐III bursts that are candidates for solar proton events in the Earth‐moon system, and first results of the combined system. Plain Language Summary: This work builds on a previously developed method to predict arrivals of hazardous charged particles, protons accelerated near the Sun, at Earth's vicinity by utilizing less‐hazardous, faster moving electrons that are also suddenly accelerated and released near the Sun. Predicting radiation hazards, even only an hour in advance, is important for safe human space exploration activities as it allows for executing measures that would ultimately reduce exposure of the crew to high dose rates. This new method uses an additional, independently measured piece of information, radio waves generated by electrons that escape from the Sun, as input driving the radiation forecasting system. The combination of the original warning system, the Relativistic Electron Alert System for Exploration (REleASE) with radio waves of type III, is referred to as HESPERIA REleASE+. We lay out (a) how this new system can identify type‐III radio bursts in near‐real‐time, (b) how this new information is used in combination with REleASE, and (c) test the performance of the new system over a duration of about 2 years. The study is enabled by the passage of the Solar‐Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)‐A spacecraft by the Earth in 2023, which provides solar radio observations in near‐real‐time. Key Points: We introduce automated detection of type‐III radio bursts in real time in STEREO‐A beacon dataWe combine type‐III radio burst observations with relativistic‐electron‐based solar particle event forecastingWe outline implementation of the combined forecasting system and test its performance over 2 years [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates nanostructured titanium surfaces (Ti2 spikes) that promote the viability of osteoblasts and fibroblasts and prevent bacterial colonisation. Helium ion irradiation was adopted to produce nanometric‐sized cones on titanium. Human osteoblasts (hFOB) and human gingiva fibroblasts (hGF) were used for analysis. A viability and a cytotoxicity assay were conducted to evaluate the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assess cell damage in Ti2 spikes compared to titanium discs with a sandblasted and acid‐etched (Ti2 SLA) surface. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the course of the cultivation, both hGF and hFOB demonstrated significantly reduced viability on the Ti2 spikes surface. hGF cells exhibited a slight but significant increase in LDH release. In contrast, hFOB showed reduced cytotoxicity on this surface. On the Ti2 spikes surface, hGF cells exhibited a significant reduction in gene expression of VCL, Src‐1, and ITGα5. However, the integrin subunits ITGα1 and ITGα3 showed upregulation on the Ti2 spikes surface. The Ti2 spikes surface significantly increased the expression of almost all osteogenic markers. The results of conventional culturing demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the number of viable cells for S. mutans, F. nucleaum, and greater quantities of P. gingivalis on Ti2 spikes surface compared to control. However, no such reduction was detected for E. coli. The long‐term success of implants relies on establishing and maintaining hard and soft peri‐implant tissues. Ti2 spikes represent a novel and promising approach to enhance osseointegration and optimize biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This executive summary of a German national guideline aims to provide the most relevant evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Methods: The guideline made use of a systematic assessment and decision process using evidence to decision framework (GRADE). Recommendations were consented by an interdisciplinary panel. Evidence analysis and interpretation was supported by the German innovation fund providing extensive literature searches and (meta-) analyses by an independent methodologist. For this executive summary, selected key recommendations are presented including the quality of evidence and rationale for the level of recommendation. Results: The original guideline contains 26 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with nosocomial pneumonia, thirteen of which are based on systematic review and/or meta-analysis, while the other 13 represent consensus expert opinion. For this key summary, we present 11 most relevant for everyday clinical practice key recommendations with evidence overview and rationale, of which two are expert consensus and 9 evidence-based (4 strong, 5 weak and 2 open recommendations). For the management of nosocomial pneumonia patients should be divided in those with and without risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) should not be used routinely. Bronchoscopic diagnosis is not considered superior to´non-bronchoscopic sampling in terms of main outcomes. Only patients with septic shock and the presence of an additional risk factor for multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRP) should receive empiric combination therapy. In clinically stabilized patients, antibiotic therapy should be de-escalated and focused. In critically ill patients, prolonged application of suitable beta-lactam antibiotics should be preferred. Therapy duration is suggested for 7–8 days. Procalcitonin (PCT) based algorithm might be used to shorten the duration of antibiotic treatment. Patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Diagnostics for Aspergillus should be performed with an antigen test from bronchial lavage fluid. Conclusion: The current guideline focuses on German epidemiology and standards of care. It should be a guide for the current treatment and management of nosocomial pneumonia in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful analytics solutions that provide valuable insights often hinge on the connection of various data sources. While it is often feasible to generate larger data pools within organizations, the application of analytics within (inter-organizational) business networks is still severely constrained. As data is distributed across several legal units, potentially even across countries, the fear of disclosing sensitive information as well as the sheer volume of the data that would need to be exchanged are key inhibitors for the creation of effective system-wide solutions—all while still reaching superior prediction performance. In this work, we propose a meta machine learning method that deals with these obstacles to enable comprehensive analyses within a business network. We follow a design science research approach and evaluate our method with respect to feasibility and performance in an industrial use case. First, we show that it is feasible to perform network-wide analyses that preserve data confidentiality as well as limit data transfer volume. Second, we demonstrate that our method outperforms a conventional isolated analysis and even gets close to a (hypothetical) scenario where all data could be shared within the network. Thus, we provide a fundamental contribution for making business networks more effective, as we remove a key obstacle to tap the huge potential of learning from data that is scattered throughout the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To meet the policy target of increasing the share of organic farming in the EU to 25% by 2030, it is also essential to increase consumer demand for organic products. For many consumers, animal welfare is one of the main reasons to buy organics. Trust is inherently important when purchasing organic food, as most of the standards on which organic farming relies, such as more space, cannot be verified by the consumer. Consumer trust in organic animal farming is therefore an important factor in the expansion of the market share of organic products. The aim of this study is to identify specific trust-building "changes" in organic livestock husbandry to strengthen consumer trust in the long term. Method: A total of eight regulations or practices, e.g. early cow-calf separation or regulations on the use of antibiotics, were assessed in terms of consumer awareness. Further described changes to these practices or regulations were ranked regarding their potential to improve trust in organic animal husbandry. Results: The results show that most of the regulations and practices mentioned were not known to consumers, confirming a low level of consumer knowledge about specific aspects of organic farming. All eight possible changes would increase consumer trust, at least somewhat. Discussion: The ranking shows that, in particular, the practice of dam rearing and an even stronger limitation of flock sizes for poultry have the highest potential to increase consumer trust in organic animal husbandry and can therefore be recommended as important strategies to meet consumer demands in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria is a major cause of ill health and death in children in Africa. The disease also imposes a severe social and economic burden on households and health systems and is strongly associated with poverty. This study summarizes the most up-to-date cost of treating severe malaria in children in Africa. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and Web of Science databases. Google and Google Scholar were searched for grey literature followed by scanning of the reference lists of the previous systematic reviews. The search was limited to children < 12 years, malaria-endemic countries in Africa, and the English language. All costs were adjusted to the year 2023. Results: 19 studies conducted in 12 countries were identified: 14 reported provider costs, and 11 household costs. Out of the 19 studies found, 11 were published before 2018 while 11 reported data that are currently more than ten years old. Studies varied methodologically and in the scope of resources included to estimate the cost. The provider costs ranged from USD 27 in Uganda to USD 165 per patient in Kenya (median value USD 90), while household costs ranged from USD 13 in Kenya to USD 245 per patient in Gabon (median value USD 50). All identified household malaria treatment costs except one represented catastrophic health expenditure, making out more than 10% of the monthly Gross National Income per capita in the respective countries. Conclusion: Evidence on the cost of treating severe malaria in children in Africa is scarce. However, the few existing studies show that severe malaria in children imposes a significant economic burden on the providers and households. More studies are needed, particularly in high-burden high-impact countries, to inform resource allocation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Radiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Epipelic, biofilm-forming diatoms are key drivers of the primary production of mudflats. Such primary production is strongly affected by the vertical migration of diatoms, which is modulated by diurnal photoperiods, tidal cycles, and photoprotection mechanisms. However, the role of vertical migration in the radiative energy budget (REB) of microphytobenthic biofilms remains largely unknown. Here we used microsensor measurements of temperature and O2 in combination with reflectance spectroscopy and variable chlorophyll fluorimetry to construct the REB of intertidal, epipelic diatom-dominated biofilms for different emersion times (1, 3 and 5 h after the beginning of the in-situ emersion) and photon irradiance regimes, i.e., 400 and 800 µmol photon m−2 s−1. The effect of migration on REBs was studied by inhibiting diatom motility with Latrunculin A (Lat-A). Photosynthetic activity and light utilization efficiency decreased slightly, after adding Lat-A, while the amount of reflected light energy remained constant at ~ 23% of the incident irradiance and the majority (76–78%) of the incident light energy was dissipated as heat. Of the energy dissipated as heat, < 24% was dissipated upward in Lat-A treated samples, while an increasing downward heat dissipation was observed in Lat-A treated samples, as compared to control samples under an irradiance of 800 µmol photon m−2 s−1. However, we found no statistical significant differences in the REB and physiological parameters in the different treatments. Thus, we did not find any evidence that vertical migration of diatoms affected photosynthesis and light efficiency in the microphytobenthic biofilm over an emersion cycle, and a clear effect of non-photochemical quenching in REB and heat dissipation fluxes was not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transfer: Zeitschrift für Kommunikation & Markenmanagement is the property of Deutsche Werbewissenschaftliche Gesellschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global change is impacting biodiversity across all habitats on earth. New selection pressures from changing climatic conditions and other anthropogenic activities are creating heterogeneous ecological and evolutionary responses across many species' geographic ranges. Yet we currently lack standardised and reproducible tools to effectively predict the resulting patterns in species vulnerability to declines or range changes.We developed an informatic toolbox that integrates ecological, environmental and genomic data and analyses (environmental dissimilarity, species distribution models, landscape connectivity, neutral and adaptive genetic diversity, genotype‐environment associations and genomic offset) to estimate population vulnerability. In our toolbox, functions and data structures are coded in a standardised way so that it is applicable to any species or geographic region where appropriate data are available, for example individual or population sampling and genomic datasets (e.g. RAD‐seq, ddRAD‐seq, whole genome sequencing data) representing environmental variation across the species geographic range.To demonstrate multi‐species applicability, we apply our toolbox to three georeferenced genomic datasets for co‐occurring East African spiny reed frogs (Afrixalus fornasini, A. delicatus and A. sylvaticus) to predict their population vulnerability, as well as demonstrating that range loss projections based on adaptive variation can be accurately reproduced from a previous study using data for two European bat species (Myotis escalerai and M. crypticus).Our framework sets the stage for large scale, multi‐species genomic datasets to be leveraged in a novel climate change vulnerability framework to quantify intraspecific differences in genetic diversity, local adaptation, range shifts and population vulnerability based on exposure, sensitivity and landscape barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of an ecosystem-based approach (EBA) is a core requirement of the EU Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) directive. Ecosystem-based management presents a fundamental challenge to established practices concerning the planning of marine space and the governance of human activities at sea. Experience to date indicates considerable variation in the application of EBA across Europe. This variation can be attributed in part to differences in underlying planning traditions and cultures. In this article, we examine the specific case of EBA implementation in the current maritime spatial plan for Germany's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Following an interpretive analysis approach, we critically analyse how the scope and function of planning are understood in German MSP policy and practice. A narrow understanding of planning as solely concerned with the spatial coordination of competing claims on marine space is traced to a legalistic terrestrial planning tradition with a long history in German public administration. This narrow interpretation of the role of planning is found to fundamentally restrict the strategic, performative capacity of German MSP and, in particular, the potential for German MSP to apply ecosystem-based management principles. In conclusion, we contend that the implementation of an EBA requires a fundamental shift in planning paradigms and modes of governance. This empirical case provides a basis for critical reflection on the capacity of EU member states to implement an EBA as understood under the MSP directive and the mode of planning this might entail. This article was published open access under a CC BY-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nd/4.0/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal guts contain numerous microbes, which are critical for nutrient assimilation and pathogen defence. While corals and other Cnidaria lack a true differentiated gut, they possess semi-enclosed gastrovascular cavities (GVCs), where vital processes such as digestion, reproduction and symbiotic exchanges take place. The microbiome harboured in GVCs is therefore likely key to holobiont fitness, but remains severely understudied due to challenges of working in these small compartments. Here, we developed minimally invasive methodologies to sample the GVC of coral polyps and characterise the microbial communities harboured within. We used glass capillaries, low dead volume microneedles, or nylon microswabs to sample the gastrovascular microbiome of individual polyps from six species of corals, then applied low-input DNA extraction to characterise the microbial communities from these microliter volume samples. Microsensor measurements of GVCs revealed anoxic or hypoxic micro-niches, which persist even under prolonged illumination with saturating irradiance. These niches harboured microbial communities enriched in putatively microaerophilic or facultatively anaerobic taxa, such as Epsilonproteobacteria. Some core taxa found in the GVC of Lobophyllia hemprichii from the Great Barrier Reef were also detected in conspecific colonies held in aquaria, indicating that these associations are unlikely to be transient. Our findings suggest that the coral GVC is chemically and microbiologically similar to the gut of higher Metazoa. Given the importance of gut microbiomes in mediating animal health, harnessing the coral "gut microbiome" may foster novel active interventions aimed at increasing the resilience of coral reefs to the climate crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore and utilize correlations between wet-chemical synthesis parameters and the resulting atomic geometry and crystal phase structure of carbon-supported bimetallic PtTi/C alloy nanoparticles with excellent electrocatalytic reactivity and chemical stability during the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte environments. We systematically vary wet-chemical synthesis parameters such as reductive annealing temperatures and precursor ratios and study their effect on the characteristics of atomic-scale materials, such as phase structure, crystallite particle size distribution, alloying degree, and ordering degree, using X-ray scattering, spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy coupled to structure and crystal phase modeling and deconvolution using Rietveld techniques. While annealing parameters controlled the ratio of ordered and disordered PtTi alloy phases, precursor ratio adjustment revealed a previously elusive critical Ti threshold ratio, where the formation of undesired TiO2 phases remained suppressed, while the PtTi alloying degree and phase structure remained preserved. The resulting ca. 3 nm sized bimetallic PtTi nanoparticle electrocatalyst showed excellent Pt mass-based oxygen reduction reaction activity at 0.9 VRHE in acidic environments as well as favorable performance and compositional stability during accelerated stress tests relative to a Pt reference catalyst. This behavior could be linked to the stable PtTi and intermetallic Pt3Ti phases. The synthetic conditions uncovered herein offer wet-chemical access to TiO2-free high performance PtTi nanoparticle alloy ORR catalysts for fuel cell cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adenosinergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and drugs that affect adenosine neurotransmission have shown some efficacy as add‐on therapy in manic patients. Objective: Thus, the aim of the present study was to screen adenosinergic drugs for antimanic‐like effect in methylphenidate (MPH)‐induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Methods: Male and female Swiss mice received a single allopurinol (50 and 200 mg/kg, ip), dipyridamole (20 mg/kg, ip), or inosine (50 mg/kg, ip) administration before an acute MPH challenge (5 mg/kg, sc). In experiments with repeated treatment, male mice received a daily administration of allopurinol (25 and 50 mg/kg, ip), dipyridamole (20 mg/kg, ip), or inosine (50 mg/kg, ip) for 14 days. Finally, pretreatment with aminophylline (2 mg/kg, sc), an unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, was used to evaluate a putative adenosinergic mediation. Locomotor activity was measured in the automated activity chamber for 20 min. Results: Acute and repeated dipyridamole reduced the increase in locomotor activity induced by MPH, while allopurinol and inosine had no effect. Aminophylline blocked the effect of dipyridamole in MPH‐induced hyperlocomotion. Conclusion: The present results suggest that dipyridamole may have an antimanic‐like effect through adenosine receptors and reinforce the proposal that the adenosine system may be an interesting target for new antimanic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farm succession can be a challenge for continuity, often leading to abandonment in the absence of a successor. This study investigates the relationship between farm abandonment and succession based on 46 qualitative interviews with agricultural advisors from three German regions. The aim is to uncover the reasons for abandonment, changes in farm management and associated consequences, providing insights into the phenomenon of farm abandonment. The analysis findings contribute to the understanding of the implications for farms and rural areas. This provides valuable insights into identifying effective strategies for maintaining the sustainability of the farming sector and preserving the attractiveness of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the personalization effect in multimedia learning, the use of personal and possessive pronouns in instructional materials (e.g., 'you' and 'your') is beneficial. However, current research suggests that the personalization effect is inverted for emotionally aversive content (e.g., illnesses). Objective: This study investigates whether a beneficial personalization effect can be observed for emotionally neutral health‐related content whereas the effect may be reversed for emotionally aversive health‐related content. Methods: In this study, 139 university students learned both emotionally aversive learning content on type 1 diabetes (within‐factor) that was presented in either personalized or non‐personalized language (between‐factor). The presentation order of the content (neutral first vs. aversive first) was controlled (between‐factor), resulting in a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design. The dependent variables measured include learning outcomes (regarding retention and transfer), state anxiety, extraneous cognitive load, motivation and learning time. Results and Conclusions: In the transfer test, learners generally performed better when learning with non‐personalized instructional materials than with personalized instructional materials, regardless of whether the content was emotionally neutral or aversive. The results raise questions regarding the robustness of the personalization effect and the underlying mechanisms of the inverted personalization effect. An alternative explanation to be investigated is whether the direct reference to a disease that the participants do not have (here: 'your type 1 diabetes') leads to schema interference, which could be responsible for poorer learning performance—even if the learning content about the disease can be considered emotionally neutral. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Personalized messages (e.g., using personal pronouns) usually foster learning.Personalized messages can be detrimental when the topic is about an aversive content of a serious disease.Personalized messages are supposed to be beneficial when they are about a neutral content of a serious disease. Personalization had a negative impact on learning about a disease. What this paper adds?: A detrimental effect of personalization was observed for both emotionally neutral and aversive content of a serious disease.Using personalized messages to explain serious diseases may generally impede understanding. Implications for practice and/or policy?: When teaching about diseases that learners do not have, personalized messages should not be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term storage of seasonally available solar energy and its provision to balance heating energy demand can contribute significantly to the sustainable use of energy resources. Thermochemical energy storage is a suitable process for this purpose, offering the possibility of loss-free long-term energy storing and heat supply. In order to develop suitable technical solutions for the use of this technology, novel reactor concepts and scientific questions regarding material and technology development are being investigated. In this publication, the energy storage process of a long-term energy storage system based on a ploughshare reactor is experimentally investigated under various technically relevant operating conditions. One specific aspect of this technology is related to the release of water vapour during the charging process. Therefore, this work focusses, in particular, on the possibility of technically utilizing the latent heat of the released water vapour in the range of 45 °C to 80 °C, which covers the operating requirements of common heating systems in households. The experiments have shown that the dehydration process enables the separation of two heat fluxes: the chemically bound energy for long-term storage and the physically (sensible and latent) stored energy for short-term applications. However, the limitation of gas transport was also identified as the most important influencing parameter for optimising the performance of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to other common anticoagulants such as citrate and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), high-molecular-weight heparin (HMWH) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is also measured as a biomarker for stroke in blood samples. Mechanistically, HMWH-stimulated T cells produce cytokines that induce monocytic MMP-9 expression. Here, the influence of further anticoagulants (Fondaparinux, Hirudin, and Alteplase) and the heparin-contaminating glycosaminoglycans (GAG) hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and over-sulfated CS (OSCS) on MMP-9 was analyzed to assess its suitability as a biomarker under various conditions. Therefore, starved Jurkat T cells were stimulated with anticoagulants/contaminants. Subsequently, starved monocytic THP-1 cells were incubated with the conditioned Jurkat supernatant, and MMP-9 mRNA levels were monitored (quantitative (q)PCR). Jurkat-derived mediators secreted in response to anticoagulants/contaminants were also assessed (proteome profiler array). The supernatants of HMWH-, Hirudin-, CS-, and OSCS-treated Jurkat cells comprised combinations of activating mediators and led to a significant (in the case of OSCS, dramatic) MMP-9 induction in THP-1. HA induced MMP-9 only in high concentrations, while LMWH, Fondaparinux, Alteplase, and DS had no effect. This indicates that depending on molecular weight and charge (but independent of anticoagulant activity), anticoagulants/contaminants provoke the expression of T-cell-derived cytokines/chemokines that induce monocytic MMP-9 expression, thus potentially impairing the diagnostic validity of MMP-9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The prevalence and difference in risk factors for having thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men compared with women in the general population is not well described. This study aimed to test the hypotheses that (i) cardiovascular risk factors for TAA and AAA differ and (ii) the prevalence of TAA and AAA is sex specific. Methods and results Aortic examination using computed tomography angiography was performed in 11 294 individuals (56% women), with a mean age of 62 (range 40–95) years participating in the Copenhagen General Population Study. TAAs were defined as an ascending aortic diameter ≥45 mm and a descending aortic diameter ≥35 mm, while AAAs were defined as an abdominal aortic diameter ≥30 mm. Demographic data were obtained from questionnaires. Overall prevalence of aortic aneurysms (AAs) in the study population included: total population 2.1%, men 4.0% and women 0.7% (P -value men vs. women P < 0.001). AAs were independently associated with male sex, increasing age, and body surface area (BSA). While TAAs were associated with hypertension, odds ratio (OR) = 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–2.8], AAAs were associated with hypercholesterolaemia and smoking, OR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6–3.6) and 3.2 (95% CI: 1.9–5.4). Conclusion Subclinical AAs are four times more prevalent in men than in women. In both sexes, increasing age and BSA are risk factors for AAs of any anatomical location. Whereas arterial hypertension is a risk factor for TAAs, hypercholesterolaemia and smoking are risk factors for AAAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare a novel tapered, double‐threaded self‐tapping tissue‐Level design implant (TLC) to a well‐established parallel walled tissue‐level (TL) implant in terms of primary and secondary stability over time. Materials and Methods: Test TLC (n = 10/per timepoint) and control TL (n = 10/per timepoint) implants were placed in the mandible of minipigs and left for submerged healing for 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Maximum insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured for each implant at placement. Osseointegration and cortical bone maintenance were histologically evaluated by measuring total bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and first bone‐to‐implant contact (fBIC). Results: A significantly higher maximum insertion torque was measured for the test implant TLC compared to the control TL implant (57.83 ± 24.73 Ncm and 22.62 ± 23.16 Ncm, respectively; p <.001). The mean ISQ values were comparable between the two implant types (75.00 ± 6.70 for TL compared to 75.40 ± 3.20 for TLC, p =.988). BIC was comparable between both implant types at each of the evaluated time points. The fBIC was found to be significantly more coronal at 12 weeks for the TLC implant compared to the TL implant (0.31 ± 0.83 mm for TLC compared to −0.22 ± 0.85 for TL, p =.027). Conclusion: The novel tapered tissue level design implant showed improved primary stability and an overall improved crestal bone height maintenance compared to the parallel walled design at 12 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The hole transport and the carrier distribution in AlGaN-based far-ultraviolett (UVC) light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting around 233 nm was investigated. Temperature-dependent electroluminescence measurements on dual wavelength AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) LEDs show a strong shift in the spectral power distribution from 250 to 233 nm with decreasing temperature. Comparing experimental data with simulation shows that the hole mobility and the electron to hole mobility ratios have a significant influence on the carrier injection efficiency (CIE) and that the change in the spectral power distribution is originating from a change in the hole distribution in the MQWs. Poor hole injection and charge carrier confinement in the AlGaN MQW active region was identified as one of the main reasons for the low CIE in far-UVC LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript deals with continuous adjoint companions of prominent explicit Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods grounding on the eddy viscosity assumption for incompressible fluids. The subgrid-scale approximations considered herein address the classic Smagorinsky-Lilly, the Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE), and the Kinetic Energy Subgrid-Scale (KESS) model, whereby only static implementations, i.e., those without dynamically adjusted model parameters, are considered. The associated continuous adjoint systems and resulting shape sensitivity expressions are derived. Information on the consistent discrete implementation is provided that benefits from the self-adjoint primal discretization of convective and diffusive fluxes via unbiased, symmetric approximations, frequently performed in explicit LES studies to minimize numerical diffusion. Algebraic primal subgrid-scale models yield algebraic adjoint LES relationships that resemble additional adjoint momentum sources. The KESS one equation model introduces an additional adjoint equation, which enlarges the resulting continuous adjoint KESS system with potentially increased numerical stiffness. The different adjoint LES methods are tested and compared against each other on a flow around a circular cylinder at Re D = 140000 for a boundary (drag) and volume (deviation from target velocity distribution) based cost functional. Since all primal implementations predict similar flow fields, it is possible to swap the associated adjoint systems –i.e., applying an adjoint WALE method to a primal KESS result– and still obtain plausible adjoint results. Due to the LES's inherent unsteady character, the adjoint solver requires the entire primal flow field over the cost-functional relevant time horizon. Even for the academic cases studied herein, the storage capacities are in the order of terabytes and refer to a practical bottleneck. However, in the case of suitable, time-averaged cost functional, the time-averaged primal flow field can be used directly in a steady adjoint solver, which results in a drastic effort reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christophe Boesch, a pioneer in primatology, passed away suddenly on January 14, 2024. His dedication to understanding and protecting chimpanzee societies has inspired research and conservation efforts worldwide. Boesch conducted groundbreaking research on nut-cracking behavior and hunting behavior in chimpanzees, and his studies supported the idea that chimpanzees are cultural beings. He established the Taï Chimpanzee Project and the Ozouga chimpanzee field site, resulting in numerous scientific publications and documentaries. Boesch also played a crucial role in chimpanzee conservation, founding the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation and advocating for the establishment of national parks in West Africa. His legacy will continue through his field sites and the work of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

Nowadays, GSK3 is accepted as an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of cells and organisms, thus influencing the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammatory processes at multiple levels. Disturbances within its broad functional scope, either intrinsically or extrinsically induced, harbor the risk of profound disruptions to the regular course of the immune response, including the formation of severe inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and contextualizing the current knowledge derived from animal models to further shape our understanding of GSK3α and β and their roles in the inflammatory process and the occurrence of tissue/organ damage. Following a short recapitulation of structure, function, and regulation of GSK3, we will focus on the lessons learned from GSK3α/β knock-out and knock-in/overexpression models, both conventional and conditional, as well as a variety of (predominantly rodent) disease models reflecting defined pathologic conditions with a significant proportion of inflammation and inflammation-related tissue injury. In summary, the literature suggests that GSK3 acts as a crucial switch driving pro-inflammatory and destructive processes and thus contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-centric artificial intelligence (data-centric AI) represents an emerging paradigm that emphasizes the importance of enhancing data systematically and at scale to build effective and efficient AI-based systems. The novel paradigm complements recent model-centric AI, which focuses on improving the performance of AI-based systems based on changes in the model using a fixed set of data. The objective of this article is to introduce practitioners and researchers from the field of Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) to data-centric AI. The paper defines relevant terms, provides key characteristics to contrast the paradigm of data-centric AI with the model-centric one, and introduces a framework to illustrate the different dimensions of data-centric AI. In addition, an overview of available tools for data-centric AI is presented and this novel paradigm is differenciated from related concepts. Finally, the paper discusses the longer-term implications of data-centric AI for the BISE community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study proposes the comparison of the visualization and identification of anatomical details between natural human temporal bone, its respective copy from three-dimensional printing, and the virtual model obtained from CBCT. Methods: The sample consisted of undergraduate students in Dentistry (Group UE, n = 22), Postgraduate students in Radiology and Imaging (Group P-RI, n = 20), and Postgraduate students in Forensic Odontology (Group P-FO, n = 24). All participants attended a theoretical class on specialized anatomy of the temporal bone and subsequently performed the markings of 10 determined structures. Results: The number of correct identifications was similar in natural bone and printed three-dimensional models in all groups (p > 0.05). The virtual model showed a significantly lower number of correct structures (p < 0.05) in the 3 groups. In general, there were significantly higher percentages of accurate answers among postgraduate students compared to undergraduate students. Most graduate students believed that the printed three-dimensional model could be used to teach anatomy in place of natural bone, while undergraduate students disagreed or were unsure (p < 0.05). Regarding the virtual tomographic image, in all groups, students disagreed or were not sure that its use would be beneficial in replacing natural bone. Conclusion: Three-dimensional and virtual models can be used as auxiliary tools in teaching anatomy, complementing practical learning with natural bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. The solar energetic particle analysis platform for the inner heliosphere (SERPENTINE) project, funded through the H2020-SPACE-2020 call of the European Union's Horizon 2020 framework program, employs measurements of the new inner heliospheric spacecraft fleet to address several outstanding questions on the origin of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The data products of SERPENTINE include event catalogs, which are provided to the scientific community. Aims. In this paper, we present SERPENTINE's new multi-spacecraft SEP event catalog for events observed in solar cycle 25. Observations from five different viewpoints are utilized, provided by Solar Orbiter, Parker Solar Probe, STEREO A, BepiColombo, and the near-Earth spacecraft Wind and SOHO. The catalog contains key SEP parameters for 25–40 MeV protons, ~1 MeV electrons, and ~100 keV electrons. Furthermore, basic parameters of associated flares and type II radio bursts are listed, as are the coordinates of the observer and solar source locations. Methods. An event is included in the catalog if at least two spacecraft detect a significant proton event with energies of 25–40 MeV. The SEP onset times were determined using the Poisson-CUSUM method. The SEP peak times and intensities refer to the global intensity maximum. If different viewing directions are available, we used the one with the earliest onset for the onset determination and the one with the highest peak intensity for the peak identification. We furthermore aimed to use a high time resolution to provide the most accurate event times. Therefore, we opted to use a 1-min time resolution, and more time averaging of the SEP intensity data was only applied if necessary to determine clean event onsets and peaks. Associated flares were identified using observations from near Earth and Solar Orbiter. Associated type II radio bursts were determined from ground-based observations in the metric frequency range and from spacecraft observations in the decametric range. Results. The current version of the catalog contains 45 multi-spacecraft events observed in the period from November 2020 until May 2023, of which 13 events were found to be widespread (observed at longitudes separated by at least 80° from the associated flare location) and four could be classified as narrow-spread events (not observed at longitudes separated by at least 80° from the associated flare location). Using X-ray observations by GOES/XRS and Solar Orbiter/STIX, we were able to identify the associated flare in all but four events. Using ground-based and space-borne radio observations, we found an associated type II radio burst for 40 events. In total, the catalog contains 142 single event observations, of which 20 (45) have been observed at radial distances below 0.6 AU (0.8 AU). It is anticipated that the catalog will be extended in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental and neuropsychological disorders make up approximately 14% of the total health burden globally, with 80% of the affected living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of whom 90% cannot access mental health services. The main objective of the TREAT INTERACT study is to adapt, implement, and evaluate the impact of a novel, intersectoral approach to prevent, identify, refer, and treat mental health problems in children through a user centred task-sharing implementation of the TREAT INTERACT intervention, inspired by the World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) for primary school staff in Mbale, Uganda. Health care personell will be trained in the mhGAP-IG. Methods: This is a pragmatic mixed-methods hybrid Type II implementation-effectiveness study utilizing a co-design approach. The main study utilize a stepped-wedged trial design with six starting sequences, randomizing three schools to the intervention at each interval, while the remaining act as "controls". Other designs include a nested prospective cohort study, case control studies, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative research. Main participants' outcomes include teachers' mental health literacy, stigma, and violence towards the school children. Implementation outcomes include detection, reach, sustainability, and service delivery. Child and caregiver outcomes include mental health, mental health literacy, and help-seeking behaviour. Discussion: Based on the results, we will develop sustainable and scalable implementation advice on mental health promotion and draft implementation guidelines in line with current WHO guidelines. This project will generate new knowledge on the structure, organization, delivery, and costs of mental health services in a LMIC setting, as well as new knowledge on the implementation and delivery of new health services. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials, NCT06275672, 28.12.2023, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vegetable oils and their derivatives is essential for their use in many areas, such as biofuels and food chemistry. However, no attempts have been made to adapt this technology to the requirements of further chemical utilization of fatty acid methyl esters as molecular building blocks, especially for particularly promising double‐bond reactions. In this work, we, therefore, use three homogeneous catalytic model reactions (hydroformylation, isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis) to show, firstly, that it is already known from the literature that high PUFA contents have a negative impact on activity and selectivity. Subsequently, using the example of soybean and canola biodiesel, we demonstrate that these key figures can be drastically improved by a preceding selective partial hydrogenation. This makes it possible to first reduce the share of PUFAs to <1 w % without causing significant overhydrogenation and then to carry out hydroformylation, methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis with significantly increased activity (up to twentyfold) and selectivity (up to 80 % increase). With these findings, we hope to convince the scientific and industrial world of the potential of selective partial hydrogenation as a key technology for utilizing renewable raw materials and to encourage its effective use in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive livestock production has been subject to increasing public criticism, including a demand for more animal-friendly housing systems and transparency. Since animal welfare is a credence attribute which cannot be evaluated on the product itself, recently various labels have been introduced to help consumers make purchasing decisions according to their animal welfare concerns. However, such labels need to be accompanied by adequate information to reveal full market power. Research on how animal welfare labels should be communicated to improve efficiency is scarce. The aim of our study is therefore to investigate the impact of different information types on the understanding and evaluation, willingness to buy (WTB) and willingness to pay (WTP) for an animal-friendly product. We used a quantitative research approach with four experimental groups (n = 200). Each group (n = 50) was presented with one of four information types that differed regarding their immersive and innovative character and all provided information about the main label criteria: group 1 received text only, group 2 text and stable pictures, group 3 text and a 360° stable video via tablet, group 4 text and a 360° stable video via virtual reality (VR) glasses. Regardless of information type, participants' understanding of the label as well as their evaluation of animal welfare and acceptability of an exemplary stable presented improved after information was given. Furthermore, providing information positively influenced the WTB and WTP. Regarding user experience, stable insights via VR glasses were particularly appreciated, even though more simpler types were considered more favourable in terms of the usage at the point of sale (POS). We conclude that various information types can be promising to communicate certain label criteria. Both higher immersive and innovative as well as more simple information types help to make animal welfare efforts more appreciated and support consumers in decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The use of multi-level labels can enhance product visibility by enabling labeling of various items. Moreover, it can better accommodate the diversity on both the producer and consumer sides. However, studies on the willingness to pay (WTP) for premium levels of those animal welfare labels are scarce. Methodology: We investigate consumers' WTP for a four-level animal husbandry label introduced to the market by German retailers in 2019 by conducting an online survey with 1,223 German meat consumers using Van Westendorp's price sensitivity meter (PSM). Findings: There is a significant increase in WTP for level 3 of the husbandry label, but only a slight increase for level 4. One explanation is that consumers may have the mistaken belief that level 3 already includes outdoor access for animals. As a result of this expectation, consumers may not perceive much added value in level 4, which is reflected in their reluctance to pay a higher price. This is reinforced by the finding that once informed of the criteria, 18% of the participants reduced their WTP for level 3, whereas only 6% considered a discount for level 4. Furthermore, 40% were prepared to pay more for level 4 after being informed of the respective criteria than they had previously stated. Originality: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze and emphasize the importance of clear label communication, particularly for multilevel animal husbandry labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We examined the implementation and potential effectiveness of a school‐based targeted prevention programme addressing behaviour problems, adapted for children with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. Method: Thirteen children participated. The intervention was implemented in schools. We examined intervention dosage, reach, responsiveness, satisfaction, and comprehension, using questionnaires completed by children and trainers. We assessed child‐ and teacher‐reported behaviour problems before and after the intervention. Results: Trainers selected both children who did and did not meet the intervention eligibility criteria, suggesting problems in intervention reach. Intervention dosage, responsiveness, satisfaction, and comprehension were satisfactory. There were group‐level behaviour problem decreases (i.e., Cohen's d). Individual‐level behaviour problem changes (i.e., Reliable Change Indices) showed large heterogeneity and little reliable change. Conclusions: The results provide initial evidence that the intervention has potential for successful implementation in schools, but the current evidence for intervention effectiveness is inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid progress in algal biotechnology has triggered a growing interest in hydrogel-encapsulated microalgal cultivation, especially for the engineering of functional photosynthetic materials and biomass production. An overlooked characteristic of gel-encapsulated cultures is the emergence of cell aggregates, which are the result of the mechanical confinement of the cells. Such aggregates have a dramatic effect on the light management of gel-encapsulated photobioreactors and hence strongly affect the photosynthetic outcome. To evaluate such an effect, we experimentally studied the optical response of hydrogels containing algal aggregates and developed optical simulations to study the resultant light intensity profiles. The simulations are validated experimentally via transmittance measurements using an integrating sphere and aggregate volume analysis with confocal microscopy. Specifically, the heterogeneous distribution of cell aggregates in a hydrogel matrix can increase light penetration while alleviating photoinhibition more effectively than in a flat biofilm. Finally, we demonstrate that light harvesting efficiency can be further enhanced with the introduction of scattering particles within the hydrogel matrix, leading to a fourfold increase in biomass growth. Our study, therefore, highlights a strategy for the design of spatially efficient photosynthetic living materials that have important implications for the engineering of future algal cultivation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mini‐neutron monitor (MNM) was installed at the German Antarctic Neumayer III station, measuring the variation of galactic cosmic rays and searching for Forbush Decreases (FDs) caused by solar activities. Running continuously from 2014 until the end of 2017, the long‐term stability of the detector could be investigated. After correcting the air pressure and normalization to the 27 days running mean averages of the SANAE and TERA Neutron Monitors (NMs), the daily running mean count rates are compared with the SANAE and TERA NMs also installed in Antarctica. For most of the 14 FDs with magnitudes greater than 3, taken from the list compiled by the IZMIRAN group (http://spaceweather.izmiran.ru/eng/dbs.html), the three detectors show consistent particle flux variation, although the average rate of the MNM is more than a hundred times smaller. The light and low‐cost MNM is an ideal alternative to heavy and old NMs, especially at high altitudes and remote environments. Plain Language Summary: A mini‐neutron monitor (MNM) was installed at the German Antarctic Neumayer III station from 2014 till the end of 2017, measuring the variation of galactic cosmic rays and investigating its sensitivity by searching for Forbush decreases (FDs). The data were successfully corrected for pressure and normalized to the long‐term trend utilizing 27‐day running mean averages of the weighted mean of SANAE and TERA NMs. A comparison with the SANAE and Terre Adelie NMs on the basis of daily running mean averages reveals a difference of about 1% for each combination. Utilizing the IZMIRAN FD catalog, we showed that the sensitivity of the MNM is large enough to investigate FDs with amplitudes above 3%, making the MNM a useful instrument for space weather investigations. Key Points: Measurements of Galactic Cosmic Rays by a mini‐neutron monitor (MNM) at the German Antarctic Research Station from 2014 to 2017 are presentedThe measurements were successfully corrected for pressure and normalized to the weighted mean of the SANAE and TERA Neutron MonitorWe show that Forbush Decreases with amplitudes above 3% in Magnitude identified by the IZMIRAN database can be identified with the MNM too [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While peri‐implant mucositis relies solely on clinical parameters, radiological assessment becomes indispensable for diagnosing peri‐implantitis. Intraoral radiography, with its simplicity of application, low radiation exposure, and adequate representation of peri‐implant structures, stands out as the standard of care for both immediate and follow‐up assessments. Standardization by custom‐made radiologic splints allows for excellent comparability with previous images and allows for the determination of even small changes in contour and density of the peri‐implant bone. Furthermore, other radiographic modalities like panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) may provide useful features for specific patients and clinical cases while also showing innate limitations. Beyond the assessment of the marginal peri‐implant bone level as the crucial parameter of clinical relevance, radiologic assessment may reveal various other findings related to the prosthetic restoration itself, the precision of its fit to the implant, and the peri‐implant soft and hard tissues. Since such findings can be crucial for the assessment of peri‐implant health and the implants' prognosis, a systematic diagnostic evaluation pathway for a thorough assessment is recommended to extract all relevant information from radiologic imaging. This article also provides an overview of the clinical and chronological indications for different imaging modalities in peri‐implant issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To validate an AI system for standalone breast cancer detection on an entire screening population in comparison to first-reading breast radiologists. Materials and methods: All mammography screenings performed between August 4, 2014, and August 15, 2018, in the Region of Southern Denmark with follow-up within 24 months were eligible. Screenings were assessed as normal or abnormal by breast radiologists through double reading with arbitration. For an AI decision of normal or abnormal, two AI-score cut-off points were applied by matching at mean sensitivity (AIsens) and specificity (AIspec) of first readers. Accuracy measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and recall rate (RR). Results: The sample included 249,402 screenings (149,495 women) and 2033 breast cancers (72.6% screen-detected cancers, 27.4% interval cancers). AIsens had lower specificity (97.5% vs 97.7%; p < 0.0001) and PPV (17.5% vs 18.7%; p = 0.01) and a higher RR (3.0% vs 2.8%; p < 0.0001) than first readers. AIspec was comparable to first readers in terms of all accuracy measures. Both AIsens and AIspec detected significantly fewer screen-detected cancers (1166 (AIsens), 1156 (AIspec) vs 1252; p < 0.0001) but found more interval cancers compared to first readers (126 (AIsens), 117 (AIspec) vs 39; p < 0.0001) with varying types of cancers detected across multiple subgroups. Conclusion: Standalone AI can detect breast cancer at an accuracy level equivalent to the standard of first readers when the AI threshold point was matched at first reader specificity. However, AI and first readers detected a different composition of cancers. Clinical relevance statement: Replacing first readers with AI with an appropriate cut-off score could be feasible. AI-detected cancers not detected by radiologists suggest a potential increase in the number of cancers detected if AI is implemented to support double reading within screening, although the clinicopathological characteristics of detected cancers would not change significantly. Key Points: • Standalone AI cancer detection was compared to first readers in a double-read mammography screening population. • Standalone AI matched at first reader specificity showed no statistically significant difference in overall accuracy but detected different cancers. • With an appropriate threshold, AI-integrated screening can increase the number of detected cancers with similar clinicopathological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate functional and esthetic clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction with narrow- diameter implants in comparison to standard-diameter implants in the anterior zone of the maxilla in a follow-up examination after 1 to 6 years. Method and materials: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study investigation including 27 patients receiving a 3.3-mm diameter single implant (NDI, n = 14) or a standard-diameter 4.1-mm single implant in the anterior zone of the maxilla (SDI, n = 16). Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed comparing both groups with regard to clinical examination including esthetic outcome, sulcus fluid flow-rate, crown esthetics, patients’ satisfaction on visual analog scales, occurrence of biologic or technical complication, probing pocket depths (Fisher exact test), pink esthetic score (PES) and Periotest (Mann-Whitney U test). The level of significance was set at α = .05. Results: The mean observation period was 4.8 years after crown insertion in the NDI group, and 4.9 years in the SDI group. Significant differences were observed for Periotest values in favor of the 4.1-mm implants (P = .014). No differences were found with regards to esthetics (PES; P = .27) or sulcus fluid flowrate (P = 0.73) and probing pocket depths (P = .35). Overall patient satisfaction was high for both groups with visual analog scale scores of 9.3 ± 1.1 for NDI and 9.4 ± 1.0 for SDI (P = .39). Conclusion: Clinical outcome with narrow-diameter implants was comparable to standard-diameter implants in the anterior zone of the maxilla with similar esthetic assessments and patients’ satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fabry disease (FD) causes cold-evoked pain and impaired cold perception through small fiber damage, which also occurs in polyneuropathies (PNP) of other origins. The integrity of thinly myelinated fibers and the spinothalamic tract is assessable by cold-evoked potentials (CEPs). In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical value of CEP by investigating its associations with pain, autonomic measures, sensory loss, and neuropathic signs. Methods: CEPs were examined at the hand and foot dorsum of patients with FD (n = 16) and PNP (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 23). Sensory phenotyping was performed using quantitative sensory testing (QST). The painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ), FabryScan, and measures for the autonomic nervous system were applied. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed. Results: CEPs of 87.5% of the FD and 85.7% of the PNP patients were eligible for statistical analysis. In all patients combined, CEP data correlated significantly with cold detection loss, PDQ items, pain, and autonomic measures. Abnormal CEP latency in FD patients was associated with an abnormal heart frequency variability item (r = -0.684; adjusted p = 0.04). In PNP patients, CEP latency correlated significantly with PDQ items, and CEP amplitude correlated with autonomic measures (r =0.688, adjusted p = 0.008; r = 0.619, adjusted p = 0.024). Furthermore, mechanical pain thresholds differed significantly between FD (gain range) and PNP patients (loss range) (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Abnormal CEPs were associated with current pain, neuropathic signs and symptoms, and an abnormal function of the autonomic nervous system. The latter has not been mirrored by QST parameters. Therefore, CEPs appear to deliver a wider spectrum of information on the sensory nervous system than QST alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]