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Aims: To examine the effects of virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living among stroke patients, and to identify the optimal design for such intervention. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINANL, JBI‐EBP and Web of Science from inception to October 2023. Methods: Methodological quality was assessed by Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analyses were assessed by Review Manager 5.4. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the influence of study design. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was adopted to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Twenty‐five randomized controlled trials (1178 participants) were included. Virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions demonstrated moderate‐to‐large effects in improving global cognitive function (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI [0.01, 0.85]), executive function (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI [0.25, 1.43]) and memory (SMD = 0.65; 95% CI [0.15, 1.16]) compared to control treatments. No significant effects were found on language, visuospatial ability and activities of daily living. Subgroup analyses indicated one‐on‐one coaching, individualized design and dynamic difficulty adjustment, and interventions lasting ≥ 6 weeks had particularly enhanced effects, especially for executive function. Conclusions: Virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions improve global cognitive function, executive function and memory among stroke patients. Implications for the Patient Care: This review underscores the broad cognitive advantages offered by virtual technology, suggesting its potential integration into standard stroke rehabilitation protocols for enhanced cognitive recovery. Impact: The study identifies key factors in virtual technology interventions that effectively improve cognitive function among stroke patients, offering healthcare providers a framework for leveraging such technology to optimize cognitive outcomes in stroke rehabilitation. Reporting Method: PRISMA 2020 statement. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022342668. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Boussinesq and Camassa-Holm equations are, respectively, used to describe the bidirectional and unidirectional motions of small-amplitude waves on shallow water surfaces, but their wave dynamics remain a challenge for almost all conventional numerical methods. In this paper, we use physicsinformed neural networks (PINNs), a mesh-free deep learning method, to accurately predict the soliton (peakon) interaction or rogue wave behaviours of both equations with only a few initial and boundary data, providing a method for solving certain numerically unstable fluid systems or extreme wave solutions of regular fluid systems. It is revealed that by decomposing both of the equations into lower-order coupled systems, one can obtain higher-precision wave behaviours, especially for the Camassa-Holm equation. To retrieve certain unknown hydraulic parameters based on the observed wave data, e.g. the water depth, we use a multiple PINN method and stably identify the dynamic parameters in the Boussinesq equation through the association of localized soliton and rogue wave solutions. Furthermore, we compare the PINNs with conventional high-precision timesplitting Fourier spectral (TSFS) method and find that to achieve the same split feature of the Y-shaped soliton of the Boussinesq equation, PINNs require only one-third of the initial and boundary data of the TSFS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and are strongly linked to accelerated cognitive decline and dementia onset. While mindfulness‐based interventions have shown promise in improving psychological well‐being in clinical and community settings, their efficacy for individuals in these pre‐dementia stages remains unclear. This meta‐analysis examined the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on NPS and psychological outcomes in these preclinical cohorts. Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, JBI EPB, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. Two independent researchers conducted the literature search and data extraction. Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Intervention effects were estimated by Hedge's g and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 18 randomized controlled trials (including 974 participants from 21 studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant immediate post‐intervention effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on anxiety (g = −0.30, 95% CI −0.49 to −0.11), stress (g = −0.58, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.24), and quality of life (g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.12–0.87). However, no significant effects were found for depression, apathy, mindfulness, and stress‐related biomarkers. Follow‐up data analysis also did not reveal significant effects for depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The findings of this meta‐analysis suggest that mindfulness‐based interventions may improve anxiety, stress, and quality of life in individuals with SCD and MCI. However, more rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and evaluation using physiological parameters are needed to establish more definitive conclusions. Future interventions could consider incorporating cognitive training and health education to address the specific needs of the pre‐dementia population. Registration Number: PROSPERO: CRD42022359906. Key points: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, and strongly associated with an increased risk of developing dementia.The effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions for individuals in the pre‐dementia stages is still uncertain, despite their widespread use in improving psychological well‐being among clinical and community populations.Mindfulness‐based interventions showed immediate beneficial effects on anxiety, stress, and quality of life compared to control treatments.More rigorous and large‐scale randomized controlled trials, evaluated using physiological parameters, are needed to ensure the robustness of study findings and draw definitive conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is limited research exploring the experiences of people living with advanced cancer in the Gaza Strip (GS), Palestine. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression among advanced cancer patients in the GS and identify factors associated with a high level of distress. Materials and methods: A secondary analysis was performed using primary data from a larger study focusing on supportive care needs in advanced cancer patients in GS. Three hundred sixty-one patients agreed to participate and filled out the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with high distress levels. Results: Over two-thirds of advanced cancer patients (70.6%) reported a high level of distress. They also reported a significantly higher distress level than patients with early cancer (96.5 vs. 3.5%; p = 0.001). About 92.8% of participants reported depression and anxiety symptoms. Physical, emotional, and practical problems were the primary sources of distress. Breast cancer patients were more likely to have psychological distress than colon and stomach cancer patients. Newly diagnosed patients had a higher level of anxiety, depression, and distress than those who had a cancer diagnosis for an extended period. Conclusion: Patients with advanced cancer in the GS exhibited a significantly higher level of psychological distress, depression and anxiety than patients with advanced cancer elsewhere. Efforts should be made to identify psychological distress as a routine part of oncology practice. Future research should further explore the causes of psychological distress in cancer patients in conflict zones and feasible mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]