Search

Accurate identification and classification of bone marrow (BM) nucleated cell morphology are crucial for the diagnosis of hematological diseases. However, the subjective and time-consuming nature of manual identification by pathologists hinders prompt diagnosis and patient treatment. To address this issue, we developed Morphogo, a convolutional neural network-based system for morphological examination. Morphogo was trained using a vast dataset of over 2.8 million BM nucleated cell images. Its performance was evaluated using 508 BM cases that were categorized into five groups based on the degree of morphological abnormalities, comprising a total of 385,207 BM nucleated cells. The results demonstrated Morphogo's ability to identify over 25 different types of BM nucleated cells, achieving a sensitivity of 80.95%, specificity of 99.48%, positive predictive value of 76.49%, negative predictive value of 99.44%, and an overall accuracy of 99.01%. In most groups, Morphogo cell analysis and Pathologists' proofreading showed high intragroup correlation coefficients for granulocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells. These findings further validate the practical applicability of the Morphogo system in clinical practice and emphasize its value in assisting pathologists in diagnosing blood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matsutake mushrooms, known for their high value, present challenges due to their seasonal availability, difficulties in harvesting, and short shelf life, making it crucial to extend their post-harvest preservation period. In this study, we developed three quality predictive models of Matsutake mushrooms using three different methods. The quality changes of Matsutake mushrooms were experimentally analyzed under two cases (case A: Temperature control and sealing measures; case B: Alteration of gas composition) with various parameters including the hardness, color, odor, pH, soluble solids content (SSC), and moisture content (MC) collected as indicators of quality changes throughout the storage period. Prediction models for Matsutake mushroom quality were developed using three different methods based on the collected data: multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and an artificial neural network (ANN). The comparative results reveal that the ANN outperforms MLR and SVR as the optimal model for predicting Matsutake mushroom quality indicators. To further enhance the ANN model's performance, optimization techniques such as the Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian regularization, and scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithm techniques were employed. The optimized ANN model achieved impressive results, with an R-Square value of 0.988 and an MSE of 0.099 under case A, and an R-Square of 0.981 and an MSE of 0.164 under case B. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of new preservation methods, contributing to the assurance of a high-quality supply of Matsutake mushrooms in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additionally, public engagement, informal science education, citizen science and the science of science communication were major topics of discussion. B Values. b On the one hand, the emerging field of the "science of science communication" integrated established psychological and cognitive science approaches to revamp science communication. Founded in 1989, the two-yearly PCST (Public Communication of Science and Technology Network) conference has established itself as the most influential international conference in the field of science and technology communication. [Extracted from the article]

Accurate identification and classification of bone marrow (BM) nucleated cell morphology are crucial for the diagnosis of hematological diseases. However, the subjective and time-consuming nature of manual identification by pathologists hinders prompt diagnosis and patient treatment. To address this issue, we developed Morphogo, a convolutional neural network-based system for morphological examination. Morphogo was trained using a vast dataset of over 2.8 million BM nucleated cell images. Its performance was evaluated using 508 BM cases that were categorized into five groups based on the degree of morphological abnormalities, comprising a total of 385,207 BM nucleated cells. The results demonstrated Morphogo's ability to identify over 25 different types of BM nucleated cells, achieving a sensitivity of 80.95%, specificity of 99.48%, positive predictive value of 76.49%, negative predictive value of 99.44%, and an overall accuracy of 99.01%. In most groups, Morphogo cell analysis and Pathologists' proofreading showed high intragroup correlation coefficients for granulocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells. These findings further validate the practical applicability of the Morphogo system in clinical practice and emphasize its value in assisting pathologists in diagnosing blood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored a model of the interplay between mother's parental psychological flexibility of Chinese primary school students (grade 3–6) and self-reliance behaviors, as well as whether resilience mediates this association. Participants were N = 497 children attending three primary schools in Jiangsu Province (N = 240, Mage = 10.51 years, SD = 3.60; 47.6% boys) and two primary schools in Fujian Province (N = 257, Mage = 10.92 years, SD = 3.31; 45.3% boys), People's Republic of China. Assessments were employed, with children rating their mother's parental psychological flexibility, as well as their own resilience and self-reliance behaviors. Results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between mother's parental psychological flexibility of Chinese primary school students (grades 3–6), resilience, and self-reliance behaviors. Moreover, resilience played a complete mediating role between mother's parental psychological flexibility and self-reliance behaviors; the mediating effect of goal focus and emotional control (two subfactors of resilience) between mother's parental psychological flexibility and self-reliance behaviors was significant, while the mediating effect of positive thinking, family support, and interpersonal assistance (the other three subfactors of resilience) was insignificant. The findings understress the importance of considering the meaning and implication of mother's parental psychological flexibility and resilience in Chinese culture. Highlights: Mother's parental psychological flexibility was associated with self-reliance behaviors among Chinese children. Mother's parental psychological flexibility was indirectly associated with self-reliance behaviors via a mediated pathway through resilience. Mother's parental psychological flexibility was indirectly associated with self-reliance behaviors via a mediated pathway through goal focus and emotional control (two subfactors of resilience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic biomass, which mainly consists of cellulose and hemicellulose, is the most abundant renewable biopolymer on earth. β-Glucanases are glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze β-glucan, one of the dominant components of the plant cell wall, into cello-oligosaccharides and glucose. Among them, endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-glucanase/cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) play critical roles in the digestion of glucan-like substrates. β-Glucanases have attracted considerable interest within the scientific community due to their applications in the feed, food, and textile industries. In the past decade, there has been considerable progress in the discovery, production, and characterization of novel β-glucanases. Advances in the development of next-generation sequencing techniques, including metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, have unveiled novel β-glucanases isolated from the gastrointestinal microbiota. The study of β-glucanases is beneficial for research and development of commercial products. In this study, we review the classification, properties, and engineering of β-glucanases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in the role of timing of daily behaviors in improving health. However, little is known about the optimal timing of physical activity to maximize health benefits. We perform a cohort study of 92,139 UK Biobank participants with valid accelerometer data and all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes, comprising over 7 years of median follow-up (638,825 person-years). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at any time of day is associated with lower risks for all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. In addition, compared with morning group (>50% of daily MVPA during 05:00-11:00), midday-afternoon (11:00-17:00) and mixed MVPA timing groups, but not evening group (17:00-24:00), have lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. These protective associations are more pronounced among the elderly, males, less physically active participants, or those with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that MVPA timing may have the potential to improve public health. There is a growing interest in the role of timing of physical activity (PA) in improving health. Here, using a large-scale cohort study, the authors show that moderate-to-vigorous PA at the optimal time of day robustly predicts lower mortality risk and may maximize the beneficial effect of PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional supramolecular gel materials have potential applications in sensors, optical switches, artificial antennae, drug delivery and so on. In this paper, quinoline‐cored poly(aryl ether) dendritic organogelators were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The gelation behaviour of the dendritic organogelator was tested in organic solvents, mixed solvents and ionic liquids. The dendron Q‐G1 was found to be an efficient and versatile organogelator toward various apolar and polar organic solvents with the critical gelation concentrations (CGCs) approaching 1.2×10−2 mol/L, indicating one dendritic organogelator could immobilize 1.2×103 solvent molecules in the organogel network. Interestingly, these dendrons exhibited excellent gel formation in ionic liquids. Notably, these dendritic organogels were found to display multiple stimuli‐responsive properties toward external stimuli including heat, ultrasound and shear stress, with a reversible sol‐gel phase transition. In addition, the dendritic organogel could effectively adsorb heavy metals and organic dyes. The removal rate of Pb2+ was up to 20% and the adsorption rate for Rhodamine B was as high as 89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metals, despite their expensiveness, display irreplaceable roles in widespread fields. To acquire novel physicochemical properties and boost the performance‐to‐price ratio for practical applications, one core direction is to engineer noble metals into nanostructured porous networks. Noble metal foams (NMFs), featuring self‐supported, 3D interconnected networks structured from noble‐metal‐based building blocks, have drawn tremendous attention in the last two decades. Inheriting structural traits of foams and physicochemical properties of noble metals, NMFs showcase a variety of interesting properties and impressive prospect in diverse fields, including electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, sensing and actuation, etc. A number of NMFs have been created and versatile synthetic approaches have been developed. However, because of the innate limitation of specific methods and the insufficient understanding of formation mechanisms, flexible manipulation of compositions, structures, and corresponding properties of NMFs are still challenging. Thus, the correlations between composition/structure and properties are seldom established, retarding material design/optimization for specific applications. This review is devoted to a comprehensive introduction of NMFs ranging from synthesis to applications, with an emphasis on electrocatalysis. Challenges and opportunities are also included to guide possible research directions in this field and promote the interest of interdisciplinary scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored whether infants understand information transmission in a third-party communication context involving multiple agents. Infants aged 12 and 15 months were habituated to two agents pursuing two different objects and then tested with one agent (the communicator) interacting with a new agent (the recipient), whereas the other agent (the noncommunicator) did not interact with anyone. Results showed that 15-month-olds looked for longer when the recipient reached toward the preferred object of the noncommunicator in contrast to that of the communicator, suggesting that they recognized information transmitted from the communicator (versus the noncommunicator) to the recipient. Furthermore, the information was perceived as being specifically transmitted between agents, and this inference was not driven by the low-level perceptual factors of the communicator or the communication itself. However, 12-month-old infants did not show an understanding of transmission between the agents. The selective understanding of information transmitted among multiple agents, and the critical role of agency in such understanding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of organic semiconductors are promising for high-performance semiconducting materials by virtue of their superior charge mobilities. Interfacing these single crystals with other foreign materials is needed to fabricate varied electronic devices. However, it is difficult to construct interfaces inside a single crystal that is typically homogeneous. In this work, single crystals of two typical organic semiconductors, anthracene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene, were grown from both silica gels and phenyl-modified silica gels. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated their single crystallinity. Examination of the residues which remained after sublimation of the gel-grown crystals revealed that the single crystals grown from phenyl-modified silica gels incorporated the gel networks, with the gel networks penetrating through the crystal in three-dimensional space, whereas the silica gel-grown crystals did not. This discrepancy suggests that the affinity between the crystal and the gel network favours gel incorporation. As such, our work provides a potential way to fabricate bulk contact between single crystals of organic semiconductors and foreign materials through gel crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully grown single-crystalline lead halide perovskite arrays on a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) coated ITO substrate by the droplet-pinned crystallization (DPC) method and, for the first time, single-crystalline perovskite solar cells have been fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 1.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of organic semiconductors are promising for high-performance semiconducting materials by virtue of their superior charge mobilities. Interfacing these single crystals with other foreign materials is needed to fabricate varied electronic devices. However, it is difficult to construct interfaces inside a single crystal that is typically homogeneous. In this work, single crystals of two typical organic semiconductors, anthracene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene, were grown from both silica gels and phenyl-modified silica gels. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated their single crystallinity. Examination of the residues which remained after sublimation of the gel-grown crystals revealed that the single crystals grown from phenyl-modified silica gels incorporated the gel networks, with the gel networks penetrating through the crystal in three-dimensional space, whereas the silica gel-grown crystals did not. This discrepancy suggests that the affinity between the crystal and the gel network favours gel incorporation. As such, our work provides a potential way to fabricate bulk contact between single crystals of organic semiconductors and foreign materials through gel crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystallization in gel media has been occasionally found to result in single crystals with gel networks incorporated inside, extending the gel method with a long history for crystallization into a platform to design the internal composite structures of a crystal. The limited number of gel-incorporated crystals has inspired the investigation on how general gel incorporation is. Crystallization in gels through decomplexation has been widely used to grow crystals with extremely low water solubility, while whether the gel networks are incorporated inside these crystals has not been studied. In this work, crystals of AgCl, AgI and CuCl have been grown in both agarose gels and silica gels by decomplexation. The crystallographic structures of the crystals were identified by powder and/or single X-ray diffraction. The internal hybrid structures were studied by examining the residue materials after gentle etching and complete dissolution of the crystals. When grown from agarose gels containing self-assembled fibrous structures, gel networks were incorporated into single crystals of all the three compounds. In sharp contrast, the gel networks were pushed away when the crystals were grown in silica gels. The discrepancy between the crystals grown from agarose gels and those from silica gels is consistent with the effect of gel strength on gel incorporation. This work may help to harvest gel-incorporated crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technologies have been developed to facilitate driving performance and improve safety. However, there is a lack of computational methods that can take into account drivers’ adaptation to driving. That is, how behaviour changes with experience. Modelling the effect of driving experience on driver behaviour is important to the development of in-vehicle information technologies, because drivers at different skill levels may need different types or levels of assistance. Cognitive-architecture-based human performance modelling is a valuable method that can integrate different cognitive aspects underlying human behaviour such as skill levels and support quantitative simulation of behaviour. The study reported in this paper tested and examined computational models built in ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) to account for the effect of driving experience on collision avoidance braking behaviour. The modelling results were compared with human data collected from a simulated driving experiment. The models produced braking behavioural results similar to the human results. Moreover, model predictions of three other emergent-braking scenarios were generally similar to and in the same order with the empirical results reported in previous studies. Future research can further integrate the method and results into intelligent driver assistance systems such as collision warning systems to better adjust the systems to the need of different drivers with different skill levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

White tea (WT) is one of six tea types originally derived from Fujian Province, China. White tea is known for its health-promoting properties. However, the neuroprotective and anti-aggregatory properties of WT against the hallmark toxic Alzheimer's protein, Aβ have not been investigated. In this study, WT, green tea (GT), oolong tea (OT) and black tea (BT) were manufactured using tea leaves from the cultivar Camellia sinensis (Jin Guanyin). The protective effects of these tea extracts were then studied under oxidative stress conditions via t-bhp and H2O2 exposure, in addition to Aβ treatment using a PC-12 cell model. Each tea type failed to rescue PC-12 cells from either t-bhp or H2O2-mediated toxicity, however each extract exerted significant protection against Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity. Results of the Thioflavin T Kinetic (ThT) and TEM assay showed that Aβ aggregate formation was inhibited by each tea type. Additionally, TEM also supported the different anti-aggregatory effect of WT by modifying Aβ into an amorphous and punctate aggregate morphology. Higher accumulated precedent or potential neuroprotective compounds in WT, including ECG"3Me, 8-C-ascorbyl-EGCG, GABA and Gln, in addition to flavonol or flavone glycosides detected by using UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS, may contribute to a favourable anti-aggregative and neuroprotective effect of WT against Aβ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]