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The precise measurement of temperature is crucial in various fields such as biology, medicine, industrial automation, energy management, and daily life applications. While in most scenarios, sensors with a fixed thermal conductivity inevitably mismatch the analogous parameter of the medium being measured, thus causing the distortion and inaccurate detection of original temperature fields. Despite recent efforts on addressing the parameter-mismatch issue, all current solutions are constrained to a fixed working medium, whereas a more universal sensor should function in a variety of scenes. Here, we report a dynamic and reconfigurable thermal sensor capable of highly accurate measurements in diverse working environments. Remarkably, thanks to the highly tunable thermal conductivity of the expanded-plane structure, this sensor works effectively on background mediums with a wide range of conductivity. Such a development greatly enhances the robustness and adaptability of thermal sensors, setting a solid foundation for applications in multi-physical sensing scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol‐electrooxidation‐reaction (MOR) to value‐added formate is a promising alternative to water oxidation for cost‐efficient hydrogen production. It is generally proposed that the MOR kinetics on Ni‐based catalysts are highly limited by the transition rate of Ni(OH)2/NiOOH. Yet, how to define the catalyst following the direct pathway without Ni2+/Ni3+ transition remains challenging. Herein, a core@shell heterostructured NiMoPx@Ni5P4 catalyst is developed to selectively promote the MOR at a large current density (> 500 mA cm−2). A series of operando spectroscopic studies reveal negligible formation of NiOOH with 1.0 m methanol in a wide potential range, where MOR is predominant. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Ni‐P site of NiMoPx@Ni5P4 favors the adsorption of *CH3OH over *OH while the heterostructure contributes to the significantly reduced energy barrier of *OCH3 →*OCH2, hence promoting the MOR along a direct pathway without the formation of NiOOH. Moreover, further study suggests that the catalyst also performs well toward cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a result, an electrode pair of NiMoPx@Ni5P4//NiMoPx@Ni5P4 is employed to enable concurrent MOR/HER electrolysis at 1.81 V to yield formate/H2 with FEs of ca. 90/100% and long‐term (100‐h) sustainability at 500 mA cm−2 under the industrial conditions (6.0 m KOH, 65 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical computing has been proven to have the ability to process information with ultra‐high speed. Here, an all‐optical feature extraction system via sparse representation (AFE‐SR) is introduced. The AFE‐SR, which is achieved by multiple diffractive optical elements (DOEs), can realize the recognition of generated physical fields with the speed of light. The sparse representation simplifies the target and improves the recognition accuracy. With the mathematical analysis principle of sparse optical features extraction and optical integration, the identification accuracy of the generation of physical fields is 100% in 2100 frames of the experimental videos. The application field of optical computing systems is extended to state recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decoupling of phase and polarization is significant for multidimensional light manipulation. However, this requires traditional cascaded and parallel optical elements, resulting in a bulky and complex system. Metasurfaces can potentially replace complex optical modules as novel ultrathin planar optical elements. Herein, an ultrathin single‐layer metasurface is proposed to decouple the phase and polarization based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase. The rotation angles of the two nanofins are employed to manipulate the phase and polarization independently, significantly simplifying the design process. Diffraction‐limited focusing with a degree of linear polarization higher than 95% is achieved for wavelengths in the 405–633 nm range. Furthermore, a metasurface can arbitrarily manipulate the relative intensity between different channels. The intensity ratio is adjusted from 0.12 to 6.62. These results will pave the way for miniaturized, integrated, and multi‐channel optical elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granite, as a ty pical crystalline rock in the earth's crust, is one of the ideal media in protection works for radioactive waste disposal. Grain size significantly influences the conventional triaxial compression mechanical properties of granite, thus also on the safety and stability of nuclear waste repositories. Thus, triaxial compression tests were performed by combining experiments with GBM3D based on PFC3D to study granite's conventional triaxial mechanical properties in grain size. Furthermore, the flexible boundaries were constructed in the numerical model using wall-zone coupling to apply lateral constraints in the model. The experiment outcomes demonstrate that coarse-grain granite contains more defects than the fine-grain granite. Concerning mechanical properties, fine-grained granite has much better mechanical properties than coarse-grained granite. However, the compressive of the initial defects at high confining pressures narrow this gap. The numerical simulation results show that the GBM3D model based on the flexible boundaries applied to the confining pressure can reasonably simulate the macroscopic mechanical behavior and non-uniform deformation of granite. This method better reflects the inhomogeneous deformation of granite specimens. The larger the grain size, the greater the spatial variation between mineral crystals, the more significant the effect on compressive stress atrophy and the tendency to produce macroscopic shear failure zones. As the confining pressure increases, the damage to the specimen is dominated by PCT/PIC leading to PCS/PTC transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of copper foam-based monolithic catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method, electrophoretic deposition method, and impregnation method using ZIF-67 as a sacrificial template agent. Among them, the Co3O4@CF-H catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibited excellent toluene catalytic oxidation activity with a T90 (temperature at 90% conversion of toluene) of 218 °C when the weight hour space velocity (WHSV) was 15 000 mL g−1 h−1. The favorable catalytic performance for toluene was maintained even at higher space velocity (WHSV = 60 000 mL g−1 h−1 and T90 = 234 °C) and in an oxygen-poor environment (T90 = 232 °C at 3 vol% O2 content). Particularly, the Co3O4@CF-H catalyst exhibited excellent resistance to CO2 interference and stability. The excellent catalytic performance of the Co3O4@CF-H monolithic catalysts, analyzed in conjunction with a variety of characterization results, was attributed to their strong cobalt–copper interaction, excellent low-temperature reduction and oxygen mobility, as well as the abundance of reactive oxygen and Co3+ species. In situ DRIFTS results revealed that the degradation path of toluene on the Co3O4@CF-H catalyst may be as follows: toluene → benzyl alcohol → benzaldehyde → benzoic acid → maleic anhydride → acetone → CO2 and H2O. DFT calculations illustrated that the loading of Co3O4 and the presence of Cu0 in the copper foam skeleton were both beneficial for improving the catalytic activity. Specifically, it favored the adsorption of oxygen and toluene, and facilitated the dissociation and activation of O2. Overall, this work provides a monolithic catalyst with potential applications for the treatment of VOC exhaust gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately understanding the critical elements influencing college students' professional commitment is both an urgent practical requirement and a critical theoretical proposition in today's intensely competitive job market. In order to provide new light on career development in the context of higher education, this study intends to investigate the complex interactions among college students between perceived organizational justice, academic stress, and professional commitment. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling, we carried out a thorough investigation of H University's full-time undergraduate students in Central China in order to thoroughly examine our hypothesis. The results show that students' professional commitment is much lower when they view organizational justice to be lacking, and that there is a partial mediating role for academic stress in this relationship. Interestingly, organizational justice has a positive correlation with professional commitment and a negative correlation with academic stress. These findings provide educators and policymakers with insightful information, indicating that, in an increasingly competitive labor market, professional commitment is largely dependent on students' ability to manage their academic stress and develop a sense of organizational justice. This study adds a new understanding of career development in higher education settings by merging professional commitment research with organizational justice theory. It also has significant implications for educational practices and career support measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruddlesden–Popper phase oxides, such as Ca3Ti2O7, have been established as hybrid improper ferroelectrics. However, investigations into Ca3Ti2O7 have primarily concentrated on their structural and ferroelectric properties. In this study, we prepared epitaxial Ca3Ti2O7 thin films via magnetron sputtering. Conducting atomic force microscopy was employed to characterize local current variations under an applied bias voltage. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of the Ca3Ti2O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film were conducted to assess its defect characteristics. Interestingly, the Ca3Ti2O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 stacks exhibited remarkable macroscopic resistance switching, with a resistance on/off ratio reaching 100, alongside robust retention (∼2500 s) and endurance (∼2000 cycles) features. Additionally, density functional theory calculations suggest that the resistance switching is attributable to the interface barrier of the Ca3Ti2O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 interface and the efficacy of space charge limitation. This work proposes an avenue for the utilization of Ruddlesden–Popper phase Ca3Ti2O7 in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inherently chiral medium-ring derivatives have important applications in many research fields, such as materials science, molecular recognition, and asymmetric catalysis. However, the enantioselective assembly of these molecules, especially by organocatalytic strategies, remains a formidable challenge, and few methods are available. Here, we report the enantioselective NHC-catalyzed (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbenes) formal high-order (5 + 3) annulation of 1-(2-indolyl)naphthalen-2-ols with ynals. In the presence of an NHC pre-catalyst, base, Lewis acid and oxidant, this protocol enables the catalytic formation of C–C and C-O bonds, providing practical and facile access to an array of inherently chiral saddle-shaped eight-membered lactones featuring an oxocin-2-one scaffold with structural diversity in good efficiency and excellent enantiocontrol. Moreover, the scale-up preparation and representative late-stage transformations of the eight-membered lactones further demonstrate the application potential of this synthetic technology. Inherently chiral medium-ring derivatives have important applications in many research fields, but few enantioselective methods are available. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbenes-catalyzed formal (5 + 3) annulation of 1-(2-indolyl)naphthalen-2-ols with ynals for the synthesis of eight-membered lactones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rail surface cracks are widespread damage that can lead to uneven surfaces of railheads and affect traveling safety. Non-destructive testing is needed to inspect rails regularly to ensure the normal operation of railroads. This paper proposes a laser ultrasonic testing method combining variational mode decomposition and diffractive Rayleigh wave time-of-flight to detect tiny cracks on the rail surface quantitatively. The finite element method was combined with experiments to simulate and experimentally investigate cracks of different sizes numerically. In the numerical simulation, the location of the crack was determined by B-scan. Afterward, the interaction between various types of ultrasound and cracks was comparatively analyzed, and the crack size was quantitatively characterized using useful information from the ultrasound signals. The results show that the time-of-flight method can detect arbitrary cracks with low error. Therefore, the experimentally acquired ultrasound signals used the time difference between the diffracted Rayleigh wave and other ultrasound waves to detect the crack information quantitatively. The variational mode decomposition method was used to separate the ultrasonic signals and extract the best surface wave modes to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the combination of variational mode decomposition and time-of-flight method can effectively detect the size of cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) not only increases patient mortality and disability, but also adversely affects motor function and the ability to perform routine daily activities. Current therapeutic approaches for, PSCI lack specificity, primarily relying on and medication and traditional cognitive therapy supplemented by a limited array of tools. Both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and virtual reality (VR) training have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognitive performance among PSCI patients. Previous findings across various conditions suggest that implementing a therapeutic protocol combining tDCS and VR (tDCS - VR) may yield superior in isolation. Despite this, to our knowledge, no clinical investigation combining tDCS and VR for PSCI rehabilitation has been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of tDCS - VR on PSCI rehabilitation. Methods: This 4-week, single-center randomized clinical trial protocol will recruit 200 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group A (tDCS + VR), Group B (tDCS + sham VR), Group C (sham tDCS + VR), Group D (sham tDCS + sham VR). All four groups will receive conventional cognitive rehabilitation training. The primary outcome measurement utilizes the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Secondary outcome measures include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery, Clock Drawing Test, Digital Span Test, Logic Memory Test, and Modified Barthel Index. Additionally, S-YYZ-01 apparatus for diagnosis and treating language disorders assesses subjects' speech function. Pre- and post-four-week intervention assessments are conducted for all outcome measures. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is employed to observe changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) in the cerebral cortex. Discussion: Our hypothesis posits that the tDCS - VR therapy, in opposed to individual tDCS or VR interventions, could enhance cognitive function, speech ability and daily living skills in PSCI patients while concurrently augmenting frontal cortical activity. This randomized study aims to provide a robust theoretical foundation supported by scientific evidence for the practical implementation of the tDCS - VR combination as a secure and efficient PSCI rehabilitation approach. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2300070580. Registered on 17th April 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the underground excavation, various flaws are frequently observed, which significantly decrease the mechanical properties of surrounding rock, as has been proven. As known, grouting technology is a means of reinforcement that efficiently enhances the stability of underground engineering. However, existing studies have mainly focused on increasing the strength of the slurry stone, and relatively less attention has been paid to the poor bonding effect at the interface between the slurry and the rock mass. In this work, we proposed to adopt slurry containing nano-silica sol to reinforce the fractured rock mass. Based on the mechanical model of micro–nano-siliceous slurry reinforcement for single fractured rock masses established in this paper, the effect and the mechanism of micro–nano-siliceous slurry reinforcement for fractured rock were explored through theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. Results showed that the application of micro–nano-siliceous slurry increased the friction and the bonding force at the slurry–rock interface, which led to a (σn·Δμ + Δc) reduction of the effective stress. The optimum incorporation rate of the nano-silica sol was determined to be 3% based on these indicators including slurry fluidity, slurry stone rate, and strength and deformation parameters of slurry stone. The peak strength of the sandstone specimens reinforced by the micro–nano-siliceous slurry increased by 16.49% those of the sandstones reinforced by the ordinary slurry, and the elastic energy accumulated by the former was higher. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the incorporation of nano-silica sol distinctly improved the pore characteristics of the slurry-rock interface. Finally, on the basis of 1790 ventilation roadway of Shiyakou coal mine, the effectiveness and the feasibility of micro–nano-siliceous slurry for reinforcing underground engineering surrounding rocks were verified using numerical simulation. Highlights: This paper developed a new micro–nano-siliceous grouting material. A mechanical model for fractured rock mass reinforced by new slurry was proposed. The optimal incorporation rate of nano-silica sol was determined by various means. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the new grouting material in reinforcing fractured rock mass by control lab experiments and numerical simulation. The mechanisms of micro–nano-siliceous slurry to improve slurry–rock interface were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global ocean is undergoing gradual acidification and eutrophication which may have significant impacts on macroalgal communities. However, little is known regarding the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) and nitrate on Ulva lactuca, a primary producer widely distributed in coastal waters. This study focuses on the possible interactive effects of OA and elevated nitrate levels on physiological parameters of U. lactuca. Higher nitrate levels may increase growth, photosynthesis, respiration, pigment synthesis, Fv/Fm and Effective Quantum Yield, whereas CO2 enrichment may result in a reduction in photosynthesis, pigment content, Fv/Fm and Effective Quantum Yield. Higher nitrate levels increase NO3- uptake rate and nitrate reductase activity, which are further amplified by elevated CO2 levels. However, the stimulation of high nitrate towards pigment synthesis and photosynthesis is negatively affected by elevated CO2 levels. Our results suggest that U. lactuca could potentially increase its biomass in coastal eutrophic waters, and OA in the future is not expected to promote the growth of U. lactuca, but it can enhance its potential biofiltration to remove nitrate from coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic synergism can effectively improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst. In this work, different catalysts were synthesized by loading Co and Ce onto copper foam (CF) by impregnation method and applied to the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Catalytic performance of the Co/Ce loaded catalysts was significantly better than the CF. Among these catalysts, Co1Ce2/CF catalyst had the best catalytic activity of toluene (T90 = 237 °C), the lowest apparent activation energy (Ea = 35.0 kJ/mol), excellent stability (40 h) and cycle stability (three cycle) at a toluene concentration of 1000 mg/m3 under WHSV = 15,000 mL/(g·h). The good catalytic activity of Co1Ce2/CF catalyst is mainly due to a higher proportion of lattice oxygen, Ce4+ and Co2+. Ce4+ and Co2+ can provide more oxygen vacancies for the catalyst. By H2-TPR and O2-TPD, it is found that Co1Ce2/CF catalyst's effective catalytic activity is probably attributed to its low reduction temperature, ample oxygen storage capacity and low oxygen desorption temperature. In addition, the degradation process of toluene on the catalyst was speculated. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, BET, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. This work provides an effective way for synthesizing Co-Ce bimetallic oxide supported catalysts with great potential in toluene treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are a kind of nanosized magnetic materials that are capable of storing massive bytes of information. Strongly coupling the spin centers in a proper manner is a usual approach to promote the working temperature (or blocking temperature) for SMMs. Electron delocalized radicals have been widely employed to accomplish this job. Here, we show a new manner by using weak but multiple B–Hδ− ⋯ Dy3+ inverse hydrogen bonding (IHB) interactions to control the magnetic couplings in a series of dimeric dysprosiacaborane SMMs. This approach leads to a record high TB100s of 10 K among non-radical bridged dimeric SMMs, which is mainly ascribed to strong ferromagnetic coupling (4.38 cm−1) and the proper alignment of the magnetic principle axes of the adjacent dysprosium(III) ions. In verifying by theoretical calculations, these results demonstrate that IHB interactions can be used to construct strong axial ferromagnetic coupling and enhancing magnetic blocking temperature for SMMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tandem repeat (TR) variation is associated with gene expression changes and numerous rare monogenic diseases. Although long-read sequencing provides accurate full-length sequences and methylation of TRs, there is still a need for computational methods to profile TRs across the genome. Here we introduce the Tandem Repeat Genotyping Tool (TRGT) and an accompanying TR database. TRGT determines the consensus sequences and methylation levels of specified TRs from PacBio HiFi sequencing data. It also reports reads that support each repeat allele. These reads can be subsequently visualized with a companion TR visualization tool. Assessing 937,122 TRs, TRGT showed a Mendelian concordance of 98.38%, allowing a single repeat unit difference. In six samples with known repeat expansions, TRGT detected all expansions while also identifying methylation signals and mosaicism and providing finer repeat length resolution than existing methods. Additionally, we released a database with allele sequences and methylation levels for 937,122 TRs across 100 genomes. A set of tools maps tandem repeats across complete genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired insult to the brain caused by an external mechanical force, potentially resulting in temporary or permanent impairment. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are activated in response to TBI, participating in tissue repair process. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in microglia during TBI remain poorly understood. ARID1A (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1 A), a pivotal subunit of the multi-protein SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has received little attention in microglia, especially in the context of brain injury. In this study, we generated a Arid1a cKO mouse line to investigate the potential roles of ARID1A in microglia in response to TBI. We found that glial scar formation was exacerbated due to increased microglial migration and a heightened inflammatory response in Arid1a cKO mice following TBI. Mechanistically, loss of ARID1A led to an up-regulation of the chemokine CCL5 in microglia upon the injury, while the CCL5-neutralizing antibody reduced migration and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated Arid1a cKO microglia. Importantly, administration of auraptene (AUR), an inhibitor of CCL5, repressed the microglial migration and inflammatory response, as well as the glial scar formation after TBI. These findings suggest that ARID1A is critical for microglial response to injury and that AUR has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total knee replacement (TKA) is a frequent modality performed in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the efficacy after TKA by gait analysis in patients with OA. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies from inception to July 2024. STATA SE 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guideline. Results: A total of 2525 reports were identified with 24 studies meeting pre-designed inclusion criteria. Several gait parameters were investigated. In patients with knee OA after TKA, there existed an increase in the Max knee flexion (WMD, 3.12; 95% CI, 0.93 to 5.32; I2 = 73.9%, P < 0.001), the Cadence (WMD, 4.05; 95% CI, 2.28 to 5.82; I2 = 48.9%, P = 0.068), the stride length (WMD, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.09; I2 = 77.1%, P < 0.001), the walking speed (WMD, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14; I2 = 93.3%, P < 0.001), and the step length (WMD, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.07; I2 = 89.3%, P < 0.001) while a decrease in the double support time (WMD, -0.04; 95% CI, − 0.08 to -0.01; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.585). Besides, no statistically significant differences were observed in the Knee range of motion (ROM), the Max knee rotation at stance phase, the Max knee extension, the step width, the stride time and the step time. Sensitivity analysis showed that all the results were robust. Conclusions: In summary, the study found that, in patients with knee OA undergoing TKA may have great effects on improving gait parameters. If there are more high-quality studies in the future, we should make a more comprehensive evaluation of walking function by gait analysis together with other evaluation systems such as muscle strength and proprioception measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of telemedicine technology has provided new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with DME, especially after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and accurate prediction of patients' visual acuity (VA) is important for optimizing follow-up treatment plans. However, current automated prediction methods often require human intervention and have poor interpretability, making it difficult to be widely applied in telemedicine scenarios. Therefore, an efficient, automated prediction model with good interpretability is urgently needed to improve the treatment outcomes of DME patients in telemedicine settings. In this study, we propose a multimodal algorithm based on a semi-supervised learning framework, which aims to combine optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and clinical data to automatically predict the VA values of patients after anti-VEGF treatment. Our approach first performs retinal segmentation of OCT images via a semi-supervised learning framework, which in turn extracts key biomarkers such as central retinal thickness (CST). Subsequently, these features are combined with the patient's clinical data and fed into a multimodal learning algorithm for VA prediction. Our model performed well in the Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology Society (APTOS) Big Data Competition, earning fifth place in the overall score and third place in VA prediction accuracy. Retinal segmentation achieved an accuracy of 99.03 ± 0.19% on the HZO dataset. This multimodal algorithmic framework is important in the context of telemedicine, especially for the treatment of DME patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a composite sandwich structure containing multilayer honeycombs, and a multi-objective optimization model containing its load-bearing and wave-absorbing properties, which were correlated with the geometric parameters of the honeycomb, was developed. The critical elastic buckling load was performed as an indicator to characterize the load-bearing capacity, and the bandwidth of the sandwich was employed as an indicator to characterize the wave-absorbing characteristics. This multi-objective optimization model was optimized based on JAYA algorithm and the results showed that the optimized structure had a significant improvement in both load-bearing and wave-absorbing capacities compared to the original structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing real‐time, dynamic, and in situ analytical methods with high spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial for exploring biochemical processes in the brain. Although in vivo electrochemical methods based on carbon fiber (CF) microelectrodes are effective in monitoring neurochemical dynamics during physiological and pathological processes, complex post modification hinders large‐scale productions and widespread neuroscience applications. Herein, we develop a general strategy for the in situ engineering of carbon‐based materials to mass‐produce functional CFs by introducing polydopamine to anchor zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as precursors, followed by one‐step pyrolysis. This strategy demonstrates exceptional universality and design flexibility, overcoming complex post‐modification procedures and avoiding the delamination of the modification layer. This simplifies the fabrication and integration of functional CF‐based microelectrodes. Moreover, we design highly stable and selective H+, O2, and ascorbate microsensors and monitor the influence of CO2 exposure on the O2 content of the cerebral tissue during physiological and ischemia‐reperfusion pathological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing real‐time, dynamic, and in situ analytical methods with high spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial for exploring biochemical processes in the brain. Although in vivo electrochemical methods based on carbon fiber (CF) microelectrodes are effective in monitoring neurochemical dynamics during physiological and pathological processes, complex post modification hinders large‐scale productions and widespread neuroscience applications. Herein, we develop a general strategy for the in situ engineering of carbon‐based materials to mass‐produce functional CFs by introducing polydopamine to anchor zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as precursors, followed by one‐step pyrolysis. This strategy demonstrates exceptional universality and design flexibility, overcoming complex post‐modification procedures and avoiding the delamination of the modification layer. This simplifies the fabrication and integration of functional CF‐based microelectrodes. Moreover, we design highly stable and selective H+, O2, and ascorbate microsensors and monitor the influence of CO2 exposure on the O2 content of the cerebral tissue during physiological and ischemia‐reperfusion pathological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for a myriad of physiological functions, including excitability, neurotransmitter release, gene transcription, cell proliferation, synaptic plasticity, and hormone secretion. Consequently, the detection of Ca2+ concentrations in water is of fundamental and practical significance. In this study, a novel method for the simple, visual, and rapid colorimetric detection of Ca2+ is introduced, leveraging the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbances of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with 5‐Pyrimidinylboronic acid (5‐PBA). A color change from wine‐red to gray‐blue was observed with increasing concentrations of Ca2+, indicative of the agglomeration of AuNPs. This agglomeration displayed favorable anti‐interference properties and selectivity. The limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 0.08 mM by the unaided eye and 3.29 μM by UV‐visible spectroscopy. Moreover, an excellent linear relationship (R2=0.9879) was maintained within the Ca2+ concentration range of 0.0 to 0.5 mM. These results suggest that AuNPs modified with 5‐PBA are suitable for the quantitative determination of Ca2+. Subsequent testing on actual samples confirmed that this new method could be effectively applied to the monitoring of Ca2+ in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have found two new species—Stropharia subrugosoannulata and Stropharia microaeruginosa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), suggest that the two new species are distinct and monophyletic. S. subrugosoannulata is distinguished from other species of the genus Stropharia by the pileus covered with greyish-orange squamules in the centre, stipe light brown and surface covered with white triangular squamules. S. microaeruginosa differs from other species in its pileus bluish-grey when young becoming lighter towards margins, later greyish-turquoise lightens towards the edges and surface radially striate when young, lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, stipe with white squamules at the base, acanthocytes absent. The new record species from Jilin Province, Clitolyophyllum umbilicatum was also confirmed, based on morphological and molecular study. Here, we have given full descriptions of each species, colour images, illustrations and two phylogenetic trees that show the placement and relationship of the two new species and the new record are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The accumulation of diverse molecular and cytogenetic variations contributes to the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cluster of hematologic malignancies that necessitates enhanced risk evaluation for prognostic prediction and therapeutic guidance. The ubiquitin–proteasome system plays a crucial role in AML; however, the specific contributions of 49 core proteasome family members (PSMs) in this context remain largely unexplored. Methods: The expression and survival significance of 49 PSMs in AML were evaluated using the data from BeatAML2.0, TCGA, and the GEO database, mainly through the K-M plots, differential genes enrichment analysis, and candidate compounds screening via R language and statistical software. Results: we employed LASSO and Cox regression analyses and developed a model comprising three PSMs (PSMB8, PSMG1, and PSMG4) aimed at predicting OS in adult AML patients, utilizing expression profiles from the BeatAML2.0 training datasets. Patients with higher risk scores were predominantly found in the AML–M2 subtype, exhibited poorer ELN stratification, showed no complete remission following induction therapies, and had a higher mortality status. Consistently, significantly worse OS was observed in high-risk patients across both the training and three validation datasets, underscoring the robust predictive capability of the three-PSMs model for AML outcomes. This model elucidated the distinct genetic abnormalities landscape between high- and low-risk groups and enhanced the ELN risk stratification system. Ultimately, the three-PSMs risk score captured AML-specific gene expression signatures, providing a molecular basis for selecting potential therapeutic agents. Conclusions: In summary, these findings manifested the significant potential of the PSM model for predicting AML survival and informed treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a crucial epigenetic mark with a significant role in regulating tissue-specific gene expression, is essential for understanding the dynamic functions of the human genome. Despite its importance, predicting 5hmC modification across the genome remains a challenging task, especially when considering the complex interplay between DNA sequences and various epigenetic factors such as histone modifications and chromatin accessibility. Results Using tissue-specific 5hmC sequencing data, we introduce Deep5hmC, a multimodal deep learning framework that integrates both the DNA sequence and epigenetic features such as histone modification and chromatin accessibility to predict genome-wide 5hmC modification. The multimodal design of Deep5hmC demonstrates remarkable improvement in predicting both qualitative and quantitative 5hmC modification compared to unimodal versions of Deep5hmC and state-of-the-art machine learning methods. This improvement is demonstrated through benchmarking on a comprehensive set of 5hmC sequencing data collected at four developmental stages during forebrain organoid development and across 17 human tissues. Compared to DeepSEA and random forest, Deep5hmC achieves close to 4% and 17% improvement of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) across four forebrain developmental stages, and 6% and 27% across 17 human tissues for predicting binary 5hmC modification sites; and 8% and 22% improvement of Spearman correlation coefficient across four forebrain developmental stages, and 17% and 30% across 17 human tissues for predicting continuous 5hmC modification. Notably, Deep5hmC showcases its practical utility by accurately predicting gene expression and identifying differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in a case–control study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deep5hmC significantly improves our understanding of tissue-specific gene regulation and facilitates the development of new biomarkers for complex diseases. Availability and implementation Deep5hmC is available via https://github.com/lichen-lab/Deep5hmC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining detailed energy-band diagram is always critically important at various semiconductor interfaces due to its direct instruction for optimizing and improving the performance of (opto-)electronic devices, which, therefore, always has been paid attention to by scientists. Despite the technological relevance of depicting energy-band diagrams at different types of semiconductors (inorganic, organic, and hybridized scenarios), the discrepancy at these interfaces still exists, and a reliable model that could potentially unify the full range of phenomena observed from these interfaces is still lacking. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to fill in this gap so that it could be capable of reproducing various band alignments at different semiconductor interfaces both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our model could further allow us to resolve some conflicting views in the literature related to the influence of substrate work functions, which should be considered differently between inorganic and organic semiconductor interfaces. Our results also highlight the importance of dielectric constant differences and the film thickness as critical factors in driving charge transfer at semiconductor interfaces through integrating different density of states with Fermi–Dirac distribution functions in various semiconductors, which hopefully could promote the numerical study on developing functional semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) can only achieve a single focusing function and require the combination with other optical elements to achieve multiple optical functions. This contradicts the development trends for miniaturized, integrated and multifunctional optical devices. However, the emergence of metasurfaces offers new solutions for this problem. In this paper, we design two different types of multifunctional metasurface Fresnel zone plates (MFZPs). One is based on amplitude modulation, and the other is based on phase modulation, both of which can achieve linear polarization conversion and focusing functions. The realization of these functions is based on the ability of silicon diatomic nanopillars to decouple and control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. The designed ultrathin dielectric metasurface effectively combines the functions of conventional half-wave plates and FZPs, thereby reducing the volume of the optical system. The designed MFZPs have enormous potential for application in integrated and compact optical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Russula subsect. Cyanoxanthinae, collected from tropical and subtropical regions of China, are proposed based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic data. Russula icterina is characterized by its green pileus, lamellae with frequent furcations but without lamellulae, basidiospores ornamented with isolated warts with indistinct and inamyloid suprahilar spots, widely dispersed hymenial cystidia rarely with appendages, terminal cells with attenuated or constricted apexes in the pileipellis, one-celled and fusiform pileocystidia without apices that turn grayish black in sulfovanillin, and presence in low-altitude broad-leaved forests dominated by Castanopsis sclerophylla and Quercus acutissima. Russula purpureobrunnea is characterized by its purplish pink to purplish brown pileus, lamellae mixed with lamellulae some with furcations, basidiospores ornamented with isolated warts, clavate or lageniform hymenial cystidia with capitate or mucronate appendages, metachromatic pileipellis with apically attenuated or constricted terminal cells, one-celled pileocystidia that turn grayish black in sulfovanillin, and presence in Pinus yunnanensis, Keteleeria fortunei, Lithocarpus dealbatus, and Quercus spp. mixed forests. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically and phylogenetically related species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: While it is known that increased dissolved CO2 concentrations and rising sea surface temperature (ocean warming) can act interactively on marine phytoplankton, the ultimate molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction on a long‐term evolutionary scale are relatively unexplored. Here, we performed transcriptomics and quantitative metabolomics analyses, along with a physiological trait analysis, on the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii adapted for approximately 3.5 years to warming and/or high CO2 conditions. We show that long‐term warming has more pronounced impacts than elevated CO2 on gene expression, resulting in a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The largest number of DEGs was observed in populations adapted to warming + high CO2, indicating a potential synergistic interaction between these factors. We further identified the metabolic pathways in which the DEGs function and the metabolites with significantly changed abundances. We found that ribosome biosynthesis‐related pathways were upregulated to meet the increased material and energy demands after warming or warming in combination with high CO2. This resulted in the upregulation of energy metabolism pathways such as glycolysis, photorespiration, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, as well as the associated metabolites. These metabolic changes help compensate for reduced photochemical efficiency and photosynthesis. Our study emphasizes that the upregulation of ribosome biosynthesis plays an essential role in facilitating the adaptation of phytoplankton to global ocean changes and elucidates the interactive effects of warming and high CO2 on the adaptation of marine phytoplankton in the context of global change. Significance Statement: The up‐regulation of ribosome biosynthesis plays an essential role in facilitating the adaptations of phytoplankton to ocean global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal injury caused by a plateau hypoxic environment is a clinical conundrum due to the unclear mechanism of this syndrome; however, oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis may be involved. The Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower, homologous to a functional food, exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemostatic activities. An increasing number of studies have revealed that plant exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) can improve the intestinal microbiota and exert antioxidant effects. In this study, the oral administration of Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower exosome-like nanoparticles (RFELNs) significantly ameliorated hypoxia-induced gastric and small intestinal mucosal injury in mice by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α expression and inhibiting hypoxia-mediated ferroptosis. In addition, oral RFELNs partially improved hypoxia-induced microbial and metabolic disorders of the stomach and small intestine. Notably, RFELNs displayed specific targeting to the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro experiments using gastric and small intestinal epithelial cell lines showed that cell death caused by elevated HIF-1α and HIF-2α under 1% O2 mainly occurred via ferroptosis. RFELNs obviously inhibited HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression and downregulated the expression of NOX4 and ALOX5, which drive reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, respectively, suppressing ferroptosis under hypoxia. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of oral RFELNs as novel, naturally derived agents targeting the gastrointestinal tract, providing a promising therapeutic approach for hypoxia-induced gastric and small intestinal mucosal ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium/chiral N,N'-disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim)-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione-derived ketimines is reported, leading to the generation of a series of functionalized isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones bearing one quaternary carbon-amino functionality in good to excellent yields with ≥95% ee in most cases. The reaction has remarkable compatibility with both substrate scopes, providing a highly enantioselective entry to chiral heterocyclic a-tertiary amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with a planar Schrödinger–Poisson system involving Stein–Weiss nonlinearity 0.1 - Δ u + V (x) u + ϕ u = 1 | x | β ∫ R 2 F (u (y)) | x - y | μ | y | β d y f (u) , x ∈ R 2 , Δ ϕ = u 2 , x ∈ R 2 , and its degenerate case 0.2 - Δ u + ϕ u = ∫ R 2 F (u (y)) | x - y | μ d y f (u) , x ∈ R 2 , Δ ϕ = u 2 , x ∈ R 2 , where β ≥ 0 , 0 < μ < 2 , 2 β + μ < 2 , V ∈ C (R 2 , R) and f is of exponential critical growth. By combining variational methods, Stein–Weiss inequality and some delicate analysis, we derive the existence of ground state solution for the first system. Under some mild assumptions, we introduce the Pohozaev identity of the equivalent equation of the second system and use Jeanjean's monotonicity method to achieve the existence of nontrivial solution for the second system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research introduces a multilayer functional structure along with its corresponding multi-objective optimization design strategy intended to improve the design efficiency of materials exhibiting remarkable properties in both load-bearing and electromagnetic wave absorption. The composite structure contains several layers of graphite oxide reinforced epoxy resin, each of which has a different thickness and volume fraction of fillers. The proposed strategy employs the volume fraction of fillers and thickness of each layer as the design variables, with the electromagnetic wave absorption bandwidth and bending stiffness of the entire structure serving as objectives. The multi-objective model was derived using the Maxwell-Garnett Model, Halpin-Tsai Model, Transmission Line Theory and Classical Laminate Theory. To efficiently optimize the multilayer structure, the JAYA, an evolutionary algorithm is employed as optimizer. The results indicate that the optimized structure exhibits a considerable increase in electromagnetic wave absorbing capacity and a slight increase in load-bearing performance relative to the original structure, while the total thickness remains constant. In addition, the whole process takes only a few seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Pancreatic islets are modulated by cross‐talk among different cell types and paracrine signalling plays important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Urocortin 3 (UCN3) secreted by pancreatic β cells activates the CRF2 receptor (CRF2R) and downstream pathways mediated by different G protein or arrestin subtypes in δ cells to cause somatostatin (SST) secretion, and constitutes an important feedback circuit for glucose homeostasis. Experimental Approach: Here, we used Arrb1−/−, Arrb2−/−, Gsfl/fl and Gqfl/fl knockout mice, the G11‐shRNA‐GFPfl/fl lentivirus, as well as functional assays and pharmacological characterization to study how the coupling of Gs, G11 and β‐arrestin1 to CRF2R contributed to UCN3‐induced SST secretion in pancreatic δ cells. Key Results: Our study showed that CRF2R coupled to a panel of G protein and arrestin subtypes in response to UCN3 engagement. While RyR3 phosphorylation by PKA at the S156, S2706 and S4697 sites may underlie the Gs‐mediated UCN3‐ CRF2R axis for SST secretion, the interaction of SYT1 with β‐arrestin1 is also essential for efficient SST secretion downstream of CRF2R. The specific expression of the transcription factor Stat6 may contribute to G11 expression in pancreatic δ cells. Furthermore, we found that different UCN3 concentrations may have distinct effects on glucose homeostasis, and these effects may depend on different CRF2R downstream effectors. Conclusions and Implications: Collectively, our results provide a landscape view of signalling mediated by different G protein or arrestin subtypes downstream of paracrine UCN3‐ CRF2R signalling in pancreatic β‐δ‐cell circuits, which may facilitate the understanding of fine‐tuned glucose homeostasis networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Effectively targeting transcription factors in therapeutic interventions remains challenging, especially in core‐binding factor‐acute myeloid leukaemia (CBF‐AML) characterized by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusions. However, recent studies have drawn attention towards aberrant amino acid metabolisms as actionable therapeutic targets. Here, by integrating the expression profile and genetic makeup in AML cohort, we found higher BCAT1 expression in CBF‐AML patients compared with other subtypes. Metabolic profiling revealed that high BCAT1 expression led to reprogrammed branch amino acid metabolism in CBF‐AML and was associated with sphingolipid pathway relating to the fitness of leukaemia cells, supported by transcriptomic profiling. Mechanistically, we demonstrated in cell lines and primary patient samples that BCAT1 was directly activated by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusion proteins similarly in a RUNX1‐dependent manner through rewiring chromatin conformation at the BCAT1 gene locus. Furthermore, BCAT1 inhibition resulted in blunted cell cycle, enhanced apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of CBF‐AML cells in vitro, and alleviated leukaemia burden and prolonged survival in vivo. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 using the specific inhibitor Gabapentin demonstrated therapeutic effects, as evidenced by delayed leukaemia progression and improved survival in vivo. In conclusion, our study uncovers BCAT1 as a genetic vulnerability and a promising targeted therapeutic opportunity for CBF‐AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare study of the non-coding and regulatory regions of the genome limits our ability to decode the mechanisms of fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens. Methods: Herein, we constructed the high-fat diet-induced FLHS chicken model to investigate the genome-wide active enhancers and transcriptome by H3K27ac target chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of normal and FLHS liver tissues. Concurrently, an integrative analysis combining ChIP-seq with RNA-Seq and a comparative analysis with chicken FLHS, rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and human NAFLD at the transcriptome level revealed the enhancer and super enhancer target genes and conservative genes involved in metabolic processes. Results: In total, 56 and 199 peak-genes were identified in upregulated peak-genes positively regulated by H3K27ac (Cor (peak-gene correlation) ≥0.5 and log2(FoldChange) ≥1) (PP) and downregulated peak-genes positively regulated by H3K27ac (Cor (peak-gene correlation) ≥0.5 and log2(FoldChange)≤-1) (PN), respectively; then we screened key regulatory targets mainly distributing in lipid metabolism (PCK1, APOA4, APOA1, INHBE) and apoptosis (KIT, NTRK2) together with MAPK and PPAR signaling pathway in FLHS. Intriguingly, PCK1 was also significantly covered in up-regulated super-enhancers (SEs), which further implied the vital role of PCK1 during the development of FLHS. Conclusion: Together, our studies have identified potential therapeutic biomarkers of PCK1 and elucidated novel insights into the pathogenesis of FLHS, especially for the epigenetic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of electrochromic devices and energy storage systems in wearable electronics is highly desirable yet challenging, because self‐powered electrochromic devices often require an open system design for continuous replenishment of the strong oxidants to enable the coloring/bleaching processes. A self‐powered electrochromic device has been developed with a close configuration by integrating a Zn/MnO2 ionic battery into the Prussian blue (PB)‐based electrochromic system. Zn and MnO2 electrodes, as dual shared electrodes, the former one can reduce the PB electrode to the Prussian white (PW) electrode and serves as the anode in the battery; the latter electrode can oxidize the PW electrode to its initial state and acts as the cathode in the battery. The bleaching/coloring processes are driven by the gradient potential between Zn/PB and PW/MnO2 electrodes. The as‐prepared Zn||PB||MnO2 system demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, including excellent optical contrast (80.6%), fast self‐bleaching/coloring speed (2.0/3.2 s for bleaching/coloring), and long‐term self‐powered electrochromic cycles. An air‐working Zn||PB||MnO2 device is also developed with a 70.3% optical contrast, fast switching speed (2.2/4.8 s for bleaching/coloring), and over 80 self‐bleaching/coloring cycles. Furthermore, the closed nature enables the fabrication of various flexible electrochromic devices, exhibiting great potentials for the next‐generation wearable electrochromic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic diseases, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and symptoms, encompass a significant category of IgE-mediated atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. These complex conditions arise from the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors and are known to contribute to socioeconomic burdens globally. Recent advancements in the study of allergic diseases have illuminated the crucial role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in their pathogenesis. This review explores the factors influencing DNAm in allergic diseases and delves into their mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives for clinicians. Understanding these epigenetic modifications aims to lay the groundwork for improved early prevention strategies. Moreover, our analysis of DNAm mechanisms in these conditions seeks to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, paving the way for more effective management of allergic diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the performance of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, flow and heat transfer in different air storage tank (AST) configurations are investigated using numerical simulations after the numerical model has been experimentally validated. System performance for different AST placement methods is analyzed through numerical simulations integrated with the thermodynamic model of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES). An in-depth study examines the impact of key system parameters on system performance with different AST configurations. Based on these analyses, the AA-CAES system with a constant volume of AST is optimized. The results indicate that horizontal placement of the AST improves heat transfer capability within the same working pressure range but results in slightly lower energy storage efficiency, achieving 64.61% compared to 65.50% for vertical placement. However, horizontal placement offers higher energy storage density, achieving 3.54 kW h/m3 under specific conditions, compared to 3.14 kW h/m3 for vertical placement. As the energy storage flow rate increases, exceeding the critical flow rate significantly improves heat transfer in vertically placed ASTs, thus narrowing the energy storage density gap between configurations. Increased turbine efficiency, additional external heat sources, and further utilization of compression heat provide more significant performance improvements for the AA-CAES with the AST placed horizontally compared to vertically. Compared to the AA-CAES with vertically placed ASTs, the configuration of the ASTs is optimized to enhance the electrical output of the AA-CAES by 76.4 MW h and reduce the input by 78.9 MW h at a storage flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Early whitish gastric neoplasms can be easily misdiagnosed; differential diagnosis of gastric whitish lesions remains a challenge. We aim to build a deep learning (DL) model to diagnose whitish gastric neoplasms and explore the effect of adding domain knowledge in model construction. Methods: We collected 4558 images from two institutions to train and test models. We first developed two sole DL models (1 and 2) using supervised and semi‐supervised algorithms. Then we selected diagnosis‐related features through literature research and developed feature‐extraction models to determine features including boundary, surface, roundness, depression, and location. Then predictions of the five feature‐extraction models and sole DL model were combined and inputted into seven machine‐learning (ML) based fitting‐diagnosis models. The optimal model was selected as ENDOANGEL‐WD (whitish‐diagnosis) and compared with endoscopists. Results: Sole DL 2 had higher sensitivity (83.12% vs 68.67%, Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.024) than sole DL 1. Adding domain knowledge, the decision tree performed best among the seven ML models, achieving higher specificity than DL 1 (84.38% vs 72.27%, Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.05) and higher accuracy than DL 2 (80.47%, Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.001) and was selected as ENDOANGEL‐WD. ENDOANGEL‐WD showed better accuracy compared with 10 endoscopists (75.70%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: We developed a novel system ENDOANGEL‐WD combining domain knowledge and traditional DL to detect gastric whitish neoplasms. Adding domain knowledge improved the performance of traditional DL, which provided a novel solution for establishing diagnostic models for other rare diseases potentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coupling electrooxidation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMFOR) with electroreduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFRR) might be a feasible approach towards the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals. Rational design of efficient and durable catalysts is crucial to this novel strategy. Herein, we demonstrate that the NiCo phosphide (NiCoP) nanosheet could be anodically reconstructed into a hydroxide-modified metaphosphate nanosheet (i.e., NiCoPi/Oi). The NiCoPi/Oi exhibits excellent BHMFOR performance with a low onset potential of 1.23 VRHE to yield 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with nearly quantitative faradaic efficiency (FE), high selectivity (99%) and robust stability (for 10 cycles). A series of in situ spectroscopic analyses reveal dynamic cycles of NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 on the catalyst surface under the BHMFOR conditions, verifying an indirect oxidation pathway. As demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, benefiting from the synergistic effect of heterostructures, the NiCoPi/Ni(OH)2 can enhance the adsorption of BHMF, hence promoting the BHMFOR through the indirect pathway. Furthermore, an electrode pair of NiCoP//NiCoPi/Oi is employed for the electrolysis of HMFRR/BHMFOR with graded electrolytes, fulfilling the concurrent synthesis of BHMF and FDCA with a combined FE of 134%. Our work thus provides new insights into catalyst design for biomass upgrading as well as a sustainable strategy for an overall conversion from HMF to FDCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit downstream signals predominantly via G‐protein pathways. However, the conformational basis of selective coupling of primary G‐protein remains elusive. Histamine receptors H2R and H3R couple with Gs‐ or Gi‐proteins respectively. Here, three cryo‐EM structures of H2R‐Gs and H3R‐Gi complexes are presented at a global resolution of 2.6‐2.7 Å. These structures reveal the unique binding pose for endogenous histamine in H3R, wherein the amino group interacts with E2065.46 of H3R instead of the conserved D1143.32 of other aminergic receptors. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the H2R‐Gs and H3R‐Gi complexes reveals that the structural geometry of TM5/TM6 determines the primary G‐protein selectivity in histamine receptors. Machine learning (ML)‐based structuromic profiling and functional analysis of class A GPCR–G‐protein complexes illustrate that TM5 length, TM5 tilt, and TM6 outward movement are key determinants of the Gs and Gi/o selectivity among the whole Class A family. Collectively, the findings uncover the common structural geometry within class A GPCRs that determines the primary Gs‐ and Gi/o‐coupling selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is a common respiratory infection among children. However, the occurrence of thromboembolism with plastic bronchitis in association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is extremely rare. This case series presents five cases of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia who developed thromboembolism and plastic bronchitis. The clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies are discussed. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from a pediatric hospital. Patient demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging results, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected. Results: The patients in our case series presented with varying degrees of respiratory distress, cough, and fever. Imaging studies revealed evidence of thromboembolism based on pulmonary artery occlusion. Bronchial casts were observed by bronchoscopy. Laboratory tests demonstrated elevated D-dimer levels and fibrinogen degradation products. All patients received a combination of low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation and supportive care. Conclusion: Thromboembolism with plastic bronchitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is a rare but potentially serious complication in children. Prompt recognition and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This case series highlights the diverse clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies for this unique clinical entity. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal management of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious keratitis is among the major causes of global blindness. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images allow the characterizing of cross-sectional structures in the cornea with keratitis thus revealing the severity of inflammation, and can also provide 360-degree information on anterior chambers. The development of image analysis methods for such cases, particularly deep learning methods, requires a large number of annotated images, but to date, there is no such open-access AS-OCT image repository. For this reason, this work provides a dataset containing a total of 1168 AS-OCT images of patients with keratitis, including 768 full-frame images (6 patients). Each image has associated segmentation labels for lesions and cornea, and also labels of iris for full-frame images. This study provides a great opportunity to advance the field of image analysis on AS-OCT images in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) and would aid in the development of artificial intelligence-based keratitis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNA-29a (miR-29a) increases with age in humans and mice, and, in the brain, it has a role in neuronal maturation and response to inflammation. We previously found higher miR-29a levels in the human brain to be associated with faster antemortem cognitive decline, suggesting that lowering miR-29a levels could ameliorate memory impairment in the 5×FAD AD mouse model. To test this, we generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing GFP and a miR-29a "sponge" or empty vector. We found that the AAV expressing miR-29a sponge functionally reduced miR-29a levels and improved measures of memory in the Morris water maze and fear condition paradigms when delivered to the hippocampi of 5×FAD and WT mice. miR-29a sponge significantly reduced hippocampal beta-amyloid deposition in 5×FAD mice and lowered astrocyte and microglia activation in both 5×FAD and WT mice. Using transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, we identified Plxna1 and Wdfy1 as putative effectors at the transcript and protein level in WT and 5×FAD mice, respectively. These data indicate that lower miR-29a levels mitigate cognitive decline, making miR-29a and its target genes worth further evaluation as targets to mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]