Search

Strain-related piezoelectric polarization is detrimental to the radiative recombination efficiency for InGaN-based long wavelength micro-LEDs. In this paper, partial strain relaxation of InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the wafer scale has been demonstrated by adopting a partially relaxed InGaN superlattice (SL) as the pseudo-substrate. Such a pseudo-substrate was obtained through an electro-chemical etching method, in which a sub-surface InGaN/InGaN superlattice was etched via threading dislocations acting as etching channels. The degree of strain relaxation in MQWs was studied by x-ray reciprocal space mapping, which shows an increase of the in-plane lattice constant with the increase of etching voltage used in fabricating the pseudo-substrate. The reduced strain in the InGaN SL pseudo-substrate was demonstrated to be transferable to InGaN MQWs grown on top of it, and the engineering of the degree of strain relaxation via porosification was achieved. The highest relaxation degree of 44.7% was achieved in the sample with the porous InGaN SL template etched under the highest etching voltage. Morphological and structural properties of partially relaxed InGaN MQWs samples were investigated with the combination of atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. The increased porosity of the InGaN SL template and the newly formed small V-pits during QW growth are suggested as possible origins for the increased strain relaxation of InGaN MQWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, possible origins of small V-pits observed in multiple quantum wells (MQWs) overgrown on as-grown and porosified InGaN superlattice (SL) pseudo-substrates have been investigated. Various cross-sectional transmission microscopy techniques revealed that some of the small V-pits arise from the intersection of threading defects with the sample surface, either as part of dislocation loops or trench defects. Some small V-pits without threading defects are also observed. Energy dispersive x-ray study indicates that the Indium content in the MQWs increases with the averaged porosity of the underlying template, which may either be attributed to a reduced compositional pulling effect or the low thermal conductivity of the porous layer. Furthermore, the porous structure inhibits the glide or extension of the misfit dislocations (MD) within the InGaN SL. The extra strain induced by the higher Indium content and the hindered movement of the MDs combined may explain the observed additional small V-pits present on the MQWs overgrown on the more relaxed templates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NHX proteins are transmembrane antiporters belonging to the cation/proton antiporter gene family, with a conserved Na+ (K+)/H+ exchange (PF00999) protein domain. NHXs play a prominent role in plant growth, development, and defense. However, the role of NHX gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is yet to be known. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the potatoNHX gene family. A total of 25StNHX family memberswere identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. The proteins ranged in length from 252 to 1,153 amino acids, with molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD, and isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3. Analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs indicated that StNHX genes in the same phylogenetic cluster are conserved. Phylogenetic analysis divided the StNHX genes into three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III). Synteny analysis indicated that StNHX gene family Class III of NHX and all Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs shared a close evolutionary relationship. Analysis of cisacting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter region of potato NHX genes showed that these genes could be regulated by light, stress, and hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that StNHX proteins may participate in the regulation of potato growth and stress response. Besides, To determine a potential role of these genes in tissue development and drought response, we analyzed the RNA-seq data of different DM potato tissues. The results showed that NHX genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. We further examined the expression patterns of StNHX in different tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, tubers, stolons, and flowers) during the flowering stage in 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato. The qRT-PCR results further confirmed the importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and development. We further analyzed the RNA-seq data (DM potato) under different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and heat), and found that the expression of StNHX genes was induced under abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of shoots and roots of 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato treated for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hwith 15% PEG6000 confirmed that the 25 StNHX genes are involved in the response to drought stress in potato. The results of this study may be useful for selecting appropriate candidate genes for the breeding of new drought-tolerant potato varieties. Furthermore, this study lays a foundation for prospective analysis of StNHX gene functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds are very common wound types in clinics which have a prolonged and painful healing process. Chronic wounds affect health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) on patients. However, there is no specific instrument to measure the HRQoL in Chinese patients with chronic wounds. Wound‐QoL is a questionnaire targeted the experience of health‐related life to patients with chronic wounds. The study aims to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Wound‐QoL into Chinese and to evaluate its psychometric properties (validity, reliability, floor, and ceiling effect) in a convenience sample of 203 Chinese outpatients with chronic wounds. Reliability was good, with internal consistency of 0.798–0.960 and test–retest reliability of 0.720–0.838. Criterion‐related validity was assessed by the correlation coefficient between Wound‐QoL and generic European QoL instrument‐ EQ‐5D‐5L, which was found statistically significant (P<.001). No signs of floor or ceiling effect could be detected. Further, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument in this study. In conclusion, the Chinese Wound‐QoL is a valid and reliable tool for measuring HRQoL in populations with chronic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier light-field microscopy (FLFM) uses a microlens array (MLA) to segment the Fourier plane of the microscopic objective lens to generate multiple two-dimensional perspective views, thereby reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the sample using 3D deconvolution calculation without scanning. However, the resolution of FLFM is still limited by diffraction, and furthermore, it is dependent on the aperture division. In order to improve its resolution, a super-resolution optical fluctuation Fourier light-field microscopy (SOFFLFM) was proposed here, in which the super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) with the ability of super-resolution was introduced into FLFM. SOFFLFM uses higher-order cumulants statistical analysis on an image sequence collected by FLFM, and then carries out 3D deconvolution calculation to reconstruct the 3D structure of the sample. The theoretical basis of SOFFLFM on improving resolution was explained and then verified with the simulations. Simulation results demonstrated that SOFFLFM improved the lateral and axial resolution by more than 2 and 2 times in the second- and fourth-order accumulations, compared with that of FLFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalpa ovata is an ornamental tree species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family and also a valuable wood production plant. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of C. ovata and discussed its phylogenetic relationship. The complete chloroplast genome of C. ovata is 158,279 bp in size, comprising of a large single-copy (LSC, 85,004 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC, 12,675 bp) regions, separated by two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 30,300 bp each). The total GC content was 38.1%. The chloroplast genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. ovata can be used as a super DNA barcoding to distinguish it from other plants. This study will provide genetic resources for species identification of C. ovata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes the phage of potato hospital as the research object. Firstly, the cause and infection way of the disease are analyzed in detail. Then, the viewpoint that the disease is closely related to soil ecology is put forward. Through the analysis of soil ecological environment and factors, and designed and completed the experiment of using the adaptive evolution of a high-temperature environment to screen the stable phages in the storage process. The experimental results show that the interaction of potato plant-related phage mixture in the different soil environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]