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This paper describes the research activities undertaken at CICESE, B.C., Mexico, for the human resource training and for the development of optical quantum communication systems for different quantum channels such as the optical fiber and for the free-space. As a sample of our more recent work in such field we describe the processes realized to get the synthesis, characterization and implementation of the different subsystems required for the operation of a quantum channel with a low number of photons using coherent optical detection in the receiving stage and the binary optical phase modulation in the transmitter side. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]