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Tongue is one of the most common subsites involved by oral cancer. Improved surgical care and adjuvant therapy, along with better rehabilitation has significantly improved long-term survival and quality of life in patients with oral cancer. Primary surgical treatment is the preferred modality of treatment in cancers of the oral tongue. Although the surgical techniques have remained unchanged, various devices have been used to aid primary tumour resection, with a view to reduce bleeding and scarring. The purpose of this study is to compare resection of oral tongue tumours using ultrasonic coagulation device with conventional electrodiathermy. This study was conducted to compare histological margins and duration of surgery between ultrasonic coagulation device and electrodiathermy in the resection of oral tongue tumours. A retrospective analysis was performed comprising patients undergoing wide excision for squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral tongue, with either ultrasonic coagulation device or conventional electrodiathermy at Our Institute in Mumbai, India, from October 2015 to December 2016. Single factor ANOVA with the level of significance set at 95% and alpha value of 0.05. Patients who underwent excision with ultrasonic coagulation device better histologically tumour-free margins (except posterior margin) (p values—anterior margin, posterior margin, lateral margin and deep margin 0.0045, 0.59, 0.011 and 0.00013 respectively) and lesser operative time when compared with conventional electrodiathermy. Ultrasonic coagulation device was effective in providing adequate oncologically safe margins in carcinoma tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving an adequate exposure in laryngoscopy is an extremely tedious task for the operating surgeon, especially for the anterior commissure lesions. Various maneuvers have been described to overcome this difficulty, but failed in providing an adequate exposure leading to a poor outcome. To create a device that can deliver uniform pressure over the laryngeal cartilage and succeed in providing an adequate exposure of the glottic lesion. A total of 44 patients were included in the study, divided into two groups containing 22 patients each. The distance at the level of anterior commissure from the superior border of the distal end of the laryngoscope was noted and compared. Group A subjected to digital cricoid pressure showed a mean distance of 9.09 of exposure with variance of 1.22 and Group B subjected to cricoid pressure with the cricoid catapult showed a mean distance of 11.76 with variance of 1.59. The groups were statistically analyzed using Anova Test and the test was found to be very significant (p < 0.0001). The catapult is made of a hanger defining its economics, which has a vital role in difficult intubations especially in anterior placed larynx, short neck and obese patients, also succeeds in providing an adequate exposure of the glottic lesion, (especially the anterior commissure) by delivering uniform pressure over the laryngeal cartilage, leading to a superior operative outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the likely association between hypertension and hearing loss. 150 cases and 124 controls, both genders, aged 45-64, included in the research after sample estimation. Hypertension was verified through blood pressure readings and was classified as grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension or no hypertension according to the blood pressure readings. Hearing was assessed by measuring pure tone threshold at various frequencies ranging between 250 and 8,000 Hz. There is a significant association between hypertension and increase in the hearing threshold. Hearing loss in the population under study suggests that hypertension is an accelerating factor of degeneration of the hearing apparatus due to aging. Association between Increased hearing threshold and hypertension in this research, can allow for an integrated work of cardiologists, nephrologists, otorhinolaryngologists, audiologists and other health professionals concerned with alterations caused by hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed a series of adults with an implanted voice prosthesis that had malfunctioned and required removal as a result of the attachment and growth of microorganisms. Our goal was to determine the characteristics of these colonizing microbes. We swabbed the esophageal side of each prosthesis to obtain microbial flora for analysis with standard culture media. In all, we studied 22 prostheses in 18 patients (3 patients had received multiple prostheses). We found mixed contamination (both yeast and bacteria) in 19 of the 22 cultures (86.4%); the other 3 cultures yielded bacteria only, and there was no instance of yeast only. The most common yeast isolated was Candida albicans (68.2% of cultures), and the most common bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (63.6%). The average lifetime of the prostheses was 201 days (~6 mo, 3 wk). This study, which was the first of its kind in India, revealed that the microbial picture here was different from that found in previously reported studies of European populations. We presume the differences are attributable to different lifestyles and dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: "As the septum goes, so goes the nose". A wellknown phrase by Maurice Cottle forms the pillar of septoplasty. Since the inception of septal surgeries, numerous methods of septoplasty have been described. But, if not performed meticulously, may lead to deformity. For a successful surgery, understanding the anatomy and addressing the anterior nasal spine and maintaining the tip integrity is vital. Aim: Study the outcomes of "ROUND ABOUT technique" to correct deviated nasal septum which focuses on the importance of anterior spine and hence maintain the tip integrity. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, singlecentre outcome study of 35 patients with symptomatic nasal obstruction. Here, we describe a method of elevating the mucoperichondrial and mucoperiosteal flaps bilaterally, without transecting the quadrilateral cartilage of the septum. The Sino Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) Questionnaire was administered pre-operatively and after 3 months following surgery. The post-operative follow-up period ranged from 3 to 6 months (mean= 4.5 months) to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the performed procedure. Results: A total of 35 patients underwent surgery by this technique who presented with deviated nasal septum and variable degrees of nasal obstruction. To assess the statistical outcome Paired t-test was applied. Mean SNOT-22 scores decreased significantly from 40.02 pre-operatively to 18.65 three months after surgery. The results sustained after 6 months (p-value <0.0001), 85% of these patients had improved breathing post-operatively and none of the patients complained any aesthetic criticisms. The patients were content and the requirement of medications post-operatively were minimal. Conclusion: The ROUND ABOUT technique is a very effective and safe method in correcting the septal deviations especially the ones with caudal or dorsal deflections. It also helps in maintaining the tip integrity and addressing the anterior nasal spine. It avoids the complications of conventional septoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of Oxymetazoline 0.05 % plus Dexpanthanol 5% versus Xylometazoline 0.1% nasal drops in patients with nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis and following nasal surgery. Methods: An investigator-blind, randomized, controlled, phase IV clinical trial conducted in 100 patients with acute allergic rhinitis or patients post-nasal surgery. Patients received either Oxymetazoline 0.05% with Dexpanthanol 5% (OD) or Xylometazoline 0.1% (XO) nasal drops. Results: Relief from nasal congestion was significantly better in the OD group then in the XO group (mean nasal scores 1.24 vs 1.86). Significantly more improvement in sneezing and decrease in nasal discharge was seen in the OD group than the XO group. Nasal irritation in the OD group was significantly less as compared to XO group (0.38 v/s 1.12 on second day and 0.10 vs 0.36 on the fourth day). The recovery time for OD group was 1,08 hours, which was significantly (46 min) lesser than that of the XO group. Rebound congestion was significantly less in OD as compared to XO group (6.25% vs 82.98%). 93.75% of the physicians in the OD group and 51.28% in XO group reported response to therapy as good to excellent. 95.83% patients in the OD group and only 52.91% patients in the XO group rated tolerability to therapy as good to excellent. Conclusion: Oxymetazoline and dexpanthenol combination has a better efficacy, shorter recovery time, causes lesser rebound congestion and has better tolerability than xylometazoline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total laryngectomy or laryngopharyngectomy remains the procedure of choice for advanced-stage (UICC T3 and T4) laryngeal carcinoma around the world despite advances in conservative laryngeal surgery and radiotherapy. However, it has profound effects on respiration and deglutition, in addition to the most disabling effect--the loss of verbal communication. Successful voice restoration can be attained with any of three speech options, namely esophageal speech, electrolarynx, and tracheoesophageal (TO) speech using an artificial valve. Although, no single method is considered the best for every patient, the tracheoesophageal puncture has become the preferred method in the past decade. Several types of voice prostheses have been produced since the first prosthesis was introduced in 1980 by Blom and Singer. However, eventually all prostheses are confronted by the same problem, i.e., the development of a biofilm, leading to deterioration and ultimately to dysfunction of the prostheses, necessitating replacement. This article attempts to sum up the historical background as well as the current state of surgical voice rehabilitation following laryngectomy; we review the recent major advances as well as the future prospects. Data was collected by conducting a computer-aided search of the MEDLINE and PubMed databases, supplemented by hand searches of key journals. Over 50 articles published in the last three decades on the topic have been reviewed, out of which about 20 were found to be of relevance for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder of mononuclear phagocytic system whose clinical presentation varies from the localised involvement of a single bone to a widely disseminated disease. Langerhans cell histiocytosis rarely involves the thyroid gland and isolated involvement of thyroid is even rarer. We report a case of an eight-year-old male child diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis limited to thyroid gland with review of literature. Should thyroidectomy be done or proceed with chemotherapy? Our case report raises this question with a note on the role of 18 fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the management of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is now considered to be the preferred method for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy . The traditional method of creating a puncture with a no. 11 stab knife often leads to an eccentric puncture with irregular ragged margin, leading to scarring in the future. In this report we describe the innovative way of creating a TEP using a carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser. This novel method of using a laser for the creation of a precise TEP could, perhaps, influence peri-prosthetic leakage and lead to better voice rehabilitation for patients that have undergone laryngectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed a series of adults with an implanted voice prosthesis that had malfunctioned and required removal as a result of the attachment and growth of microorganisms. Our goal was to determine the characteristics of these colonizing microbes. We swabbed the esophageal side of each prosthesis to obtain microbial flora for analysis with standard culture media. In all, we studied 22 prostheses in 18 patients (3 patients had received multiple prostheses). We found mixed contamination (both yeast and bacteria) in 19 of the 22 cultures (86.4%); the other 3 cultures yielded bacteria only, and there was no instance of yeast only. The most common yeast isolated was Candida albicans (68.2% of cultures), and the most common bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (63.6%). The average lifetime of the prostheses was 201 days (~6 mo, 3 wk). This study, which was the first of its kind in India, revealed that the microbial picture here was different from that found in previously reported studies of European populations. We presume the differences are attributable to different lifestyles and dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]