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Traffic accidents are a major and crucial problem worldwide. The development of a traffic accident simulation system applied by using a geographic information system and multiple logistic regression with dustering can provide drivers with safe routes as well as guidelines for assessing the risk points of accidents in each sub district. This research is based on case-control study design. The data were collectedbyusingtwo types of questionnaires: a questionnaire for 35 community leaders and a questionnaire for 580 community residents based on the distance at which main routes pass through the sub district area. The data were analysed through multiple logistic regression with dustering, and the standardized coefficient of the selected variables was then added to the equation as a weight in the traffic accident simulation system. The results of the study indicated that 11 variables affected traffic accidents. These factors were evaluated in order to predict traffic accidents (Pseudo R square=0.5 906). Standardized coefficient of variables was applied in a geographic information system to simulate traffic accidents on roads. This study was distinctive for its analysis, which examined the clusters of variables that were the sub district-level data, including surroundings and road conditions at the riskiest location in each sub district. The data were analysed based on their quality as sub district data clusters. The analysis results were then applied as the weight of variables used in the G IS to obtain the values appropriate to the data clusters' quality for the GIS to properly simulate traffic accidents in each area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes in Thai adults in 2009 and examine the extent of changes in proportions of diagnosis, treatment, and control for blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol between 2004 and 2009.Research Design and Methods: Data from the multistage cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey (NHES) IV of 18,629 Thai adults aged ≥20 years conducted in 2009 were used to analyze and compare with the data from NHES III in 2004.Results: The prevalence of IFG and diabetes was 10.6 and 7.5%, respectively. Of all diabetes diagnoses, 35.4% were not previously diagnosed, and the proportion was higher in men than in women (47.3 vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05). Compared with those in year 2004, the proportions of individuals with diabetes and concomitant hypertension did not significantly decrease in 2009 in both sexes, but the proportions of women with diabetes who were abdominally obese or had high total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L) significantly increased in 2009 by 18.0 and 23.5%, respectively (all P < 0.01). The rates of treatment and control of blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol were favorably improved in 2009. However, in substantial proportions of individuals with diabetes these concomitants were still controlled suboptimally.Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes and IFG remained high in Thai adults. Improvement in detection and control of diabetes and associated metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity and high serum cholesterol, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes in Thai adults in 2009 and examine the extent of changes in proportions of diagnosis, treatment, and control for blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol between 2004 and 2009. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data from the multistage cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey (NHES) IV of 18,629 Thai adults aged ≥20 years conducted in 2009 were used to analyze and compare with the data from NHES 111 in 2004. RESULTS--The prevalence of IFG and diabetes was 10.6 and 7.5%, respectively. Of all diabetes diagnoses, 35.4% were not previously diagnosed, and the proportion was higher in men than in women (47.3 vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05). Compared with those in year 2004, the proportions of individuals with diabetes and concomitant hypertension did not significantly decrease in 2009 in both sexes, but the proportions of women with diabetes who were abdominally obese or had high total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L) significantly increased in 2009 by 18.0 and 23.5%, respectively (all P < 0.01). The rates of treatment and control of blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol were favorably improved in 2009. However, in substantial proportions of individuals with diabetes these concomitants were still controlled suboptimally. CONCLUSIONS--The prevalence of diabetes and 1FG remained high in Thai adults. Improvement in detection and control of diabetes and associated metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity and high serum cholesterol, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]