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We successfully synthesized tetragonal FeS with various Fe:S molar ratios using a hydrothermal method, and the EDS and XRF results confirmed that FeS exhibits superconductivity within the Fe and S element ratio range of 1.155–1.274, rather than a strict stoichiometric ratio. The reaction temperature can not only play a crucial role in determining the purity of the obtained FeS phase but also significantly alter its micromorphology. Significantly, by analyzing the relationship between the Fe:S actual molar ratio and Tc as well as the Fe:S actual molar ratio and unit cell volume, FeS exhibits dome-shaped superconductivity and shows a negative correlation with Tc and chemical pressure. Furthermore, considering the correlation between anion height (hanion) and Tc, Tc reaches the maximum value of 4.53 K for hanion ≈ 1.28 Å, a behavior distinct from that of observed in Fe-pnictide superconductors. In short, our experimental results provide a unique perspective to deepen our understanding of FeS superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel neptunyl(VI) phosphate compound, (NpO2)3(PO4)2(Terpy), was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 with unit-cell parameters a = 13.9944 Å, b = 12.1989 Å, c = 13.1277 Å, V = 2241.1 Å3, and Z = 4. Related to the layered structure of the uranophane topology, it contains the first reported (NpVIO2)2(PO4)22− sheets, which are bonded via π–π interactions between the NpVIO2(Terpy)2+ ligands that are perpendicular to the sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the extensive use of organic dyes has caused great pollution to the water environment. Zinc silicate with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic properties has been widely used in the treatment of organic dye wastewater. Therefore, we successfully prepared zinc silicate nanomaterials by simple hydrothermal method using zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, and applied them to the treatment of organic dye wastewater. The composition, morphology and specific surface area of zinc silicate nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The results show that the phase composition of the products has a transformation from hemimorphite Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O to vermiculite Zn2SiO4, and the morphology has also an obvious change from nanosheets, nanoflowers to nanoparticles with the increase of TEOS content. The specific surface area and pore volume are 199.8 m2/g and 0.441 cm3/g for the flower-like zinc silicate nanomaterials. The zinc silicate nanomaterials show excellent adsorption and photocatalytic properties for organic dyes from aqueous solutions, and the maximum removal efficiencies can reach 89.8% and 96.2% for rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of research unveiled the unlimited potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Nevertheless, the hazardous and expensive production involving massive amounts of organic solvents has severely limited their widespread industrial adoption. Herein, the advantages of two eco-friendly strategies, base-assisted synthesis and modulated hydrothermal chemistry, were complementarily integrated, with the acetate anion introduced as a mild and efficacious modulator to regulate the coordination and tailor the crystallization pathway(s). The green, rapid, and scalable synthesis of a dual-ligand Zn-MOF was thereby achieved in water media, featuring an unprecedented space–time yield of 24 ton per m3 per day and a batch size exceeding a kilogram (i.e., 1.2 kg). Owing to its strong affinity toward CH4, the acquired Zn-MOF demonstrated a considerable CH4/N2 separation capacity under ambient conditions. This study not only facilitates the green and scalable production of MOFs but also offers a cost-effective adsorbent for CH4 recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone loss in the alveolar ridge is a factor widely studied by dentists in implant surgeries, as it poses a major challenge for aesthetic and functional recovery in patients with large maxillary bone defects. Synthetic biomaterials function as grafts designed to replace and remodel bone tissue. Calcium phosphate is a biomaterial that has good properties such as biocompatibility and bioactivity, making it a reference in bone replacement treatments. A synthetic biomaterial such as calcium phosphate can be obtained by various synthesis techniques. The microwave hydrothermal method (HTMO) is a pathway that allows changes in synthesis parameters and significantly increases the transmission efficiency of materials such as synthetic calcium phosphate derivatives. The study proposes obtaining a biomaterial for bone grafting based on calcium phosphate by the microwave HTMO and evaluating its microstructural and physicochemical characteristics. The parameters tested in this process were temperature and reaction time. The calcium phosphate particulates were obtained by the microwave HTMO at temperatures of 110°C and 130°C for 60 min and calcined at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. Microstructural and physicochemical characterization analyses were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray diffraction. The results obtained showed the presence of more than one calcium phosphate biological interest phase, as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), and octacalcium phosphate (OCP), highlighting with increasing calcination temperature, the β‐TCP phase becomes evident. The proposed synthesis method was efficient in obtaining a biomaterial with suitable physical and chemical characteristics, with an association of crystalline phases of biological interest related to the increase in synthesis temperature and calcination temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkaline treatment synthesis of titania/titanate nanotubes (TNTs) requires highly concentrated alkaline solutions (≥ 10 mol/L), which pose environmental and productivity limitations. In contrast, a bottom-up synthesis method for peroxo-titanate nanotubes (PTNTs) has been developed. This method offers two advantages: it can synthesize materials using low-concentration alkaline solutions (1.5 mol/L) and produce photocatalytic materials that are responsive to visible light. In general, the higher the crystallinity of a catalyst, the better its properties. However, PTNTs synthesized at temperatures close to their boiling point (around 100 °C) exhibit low crystallinity. This study hypothesizes a hydrothermal synthesis method at higher temperatures will enhance the crystallinity and photocatalytic performance of PTNTs, synthesizing them at temperatures ranging from 120 to 200 °C using a method capable of exceeding the boiling point. Higher synthesis temperatures resulted in improved morphological and crystallographic properties of the PTNTs. However, the formation of peroxo-bonding, crucial for visible light responsiveness, decreased. Nevertheless, peroxo-bonding formation was still achievable at the highest temperature of 200 °C, and the sample exhibited the best Rhodamine B (Rh B) photodegradation performance under visible light due to its enhanced specific surface area and crystallinity. This study highlights the novelty and environmental significance of hydrothermally synthesized PTNTs as superior photocatalysts by optimizing the synthesis temperature while using lower concentration alkaline solutions. Highlights: High-temperature hydrothermal synthesis significantly enhances the crystallinity and surface area of peroxo-titanate nanotubes (PTNTs). Optimized PTNTs achieve a 98.2% Rhodamine B degradation rate under visible light, outperforming conventional photocatalysts. The use of low-concentration alkaline solutions in PTNT synthesis presents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods. This study demonstrates the potential of PTNTs as superior photocatalysts by balancing crystallinity and peroxo-bonding formation through temperature optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alarming global rise in antibiotic resistance, driven by the widespread overuse of traditional antibiotics, has created an urgent demand for new antimicrobial solutions. This study presents zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods as a potential nano-antibiotic agent. ZnO nanorods, with a 2:3 aspect ratio, were synthesized using an efficient one-step hydrothermal method at a low temperature of 100°C, reducing the synthesis time to just 5 hours. The synthesized ZnO nanorods' morphology, structure, and composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The potent antimicrobial activity of these nanorods against common bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined through optical density at 600 nm (OD600) measurements and inhibition zone analysis, demonstrating substantial inhibition of bacterial growth. In particular, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, ZnO nanorods achieved a 96% reduction of B. subtilis bacteria in OD600 and an impressive 99.87% reduction in culturing assays within one day, showcasing bactericidal efficiency on par with tetracycline at 0.003 mg/mL. Furthermore, a predictive model of bacterial growth was developed and validated, providing insights into the time-dependent bactericidal efficiency of the synthesized nanorods. These results highlight the potential of ZnO-based composites as a promising solution to combat antibiotic resistance, paving the way for next-generation antimicrobial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) exhibits a remarkable trait referred to as the 'memory effect,' demonstrating its capacity to reconstruct its layered structure from calcined oxides through hydrothermal treatment. Its uniqueness has garnered significant interest from researchers in both industrial and academic domains. Various methods have been utilized to synthesize LDH but most LDH studies still utilize alkali precipitants which might taint the final LDH product. Thus, in this study, layered double hydroxides involving MgAl/NiAl/ZnAl were synthesized via an alkali-free hydrothermal approach in which the formed precipitates of LDH were thermally destroyed via calcination at 450 °C before undergoing a rehydration treatment at 110 °C for 24 h to restore its original structure. Particularly, the physiochemical properties of MgAl/NiAl/ZnAl LDH have been undertaken by multiple techniques such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resultant products exhibited exceptional crystallinity, accompanied by notably larger crystallite sizes and crystallinity index, particularly post-hydrothermal treatment. Among the fresh and calcined products studied, those subjected to HTM (4:1) treatment demonstrated the highest specific surface area and crystallinity surpassing both the fresh and calcined samples. In essence, this research showcased how utilizing the hydrothermal approach resulted in the most substantial increase in crystallite size and specific surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation focused on the fabrication of ceramic ferrimagnetic CuFe2O4–conductive polypyrrole (PPy) composites for energy storage. CuFe2O4 with a crystal size of 20–30 nm and saturation magnetization of 31.4 emu g−1 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and PPy was prepared by chemical polymerization. High-active-mass composite electrodes were fabricated for energy storage in supercapacitors for operation in a sodium sulfate electrolyte. The addition of PPy to CuFe2O4 resulted in a decrease in charge transfer resistance and an increase in capacitance in the range from 1.20 F cm−2 (31 F g−1) to 4.52 F cm−2 (117.4 F g−1) at a 1 mV s−1 sweep rate and from 1.17 F cm−2 (29.9 F g−1) to 4.60 F cm−2 (120.1 F g−1) at a 3 mA cm−2 current density. The composites showed higher capacitance than other magnetic ceramic composites of the same mass containing PPy in the same potential range and exhibited improved cyclic stability. The magnetic behavior of the composites was influenced by the magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic CuFe2O4 and paramagnetic PPy. The composites showed a valuable combination of capacitive and magnetic properties and enriched materials science of magnetic supercapacitors for novel applications based on magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐based electrode materials can exhibit a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism induced by nanosized dimension of the crystalline domains, which is why control over material structure via synthesis conditions is of significance. In this study, we investigate how the use of different sulfide precursors, specifically thiourea (TU), thioacetamide (TAA), and L‐cysteine (LC), during the hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2, affects its physicochemical, and consequently, electrochemical properties. The three materials obtained exhibit distinct morphologies, ranging from micron‐sized architectures (MoS2 TU), to nanosized flakes (MoS2 TAA and LC). While all three synthesized samples exhibit pseudocapacitive Li+ intercalation properties, the capacity retention of the latter two consisting of nanosized flakes is further improved at high cycling rates. The individual charge storage properties are analyzed by operando X‐ray diffraction, dilatometry, and 3D Bode analysis, revealing a correlation between the morphology, porosity, and the electrochemical intercalation behavior of the obtained electrode materials. The results demonstrate a facile strategy to control MoS2 structure and related functionality by choice of hydrothermal synthesis precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a groundbreaking technique for controllably synthesizing nanosized semiconductive two‐dimensional (2D) (Cu–S)n metal–organic framework (MOF)/graphene nanocomposites for electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitter 2‐phenethylamine (PEA). The (Cu–S)n MOF size is controlled by graphene oxide proportions, enhancing electrocatalytic activity. The modified electrode exhibits a surface area increase from 0.0639 to 0.1906 cm2 and impressive limit of detection (0.0156 and 0.004 μM) within linear ranges of 15–200 μM and 1–10 μM, offering exceptional selectivity, reproducibility, and repeatability for biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photocatalysis system is widely regarded as the most renewable approach to environmental treatment since sunlight is a long-term source of energy for the planet. This study assessed the efficacy of a photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth oxychloride (g-C3N4/BiOCl) by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photo-luminance, photocurrent density, and X-ray diffraction to characterize the photocatalyst. The results showed an improvement in morphology and enhanced photodegradation of pharmaceutical residues such as Nitenpyram, Tetracycline, and Rhodamine B. For a wavelength range of 655 to 420 nm, the synthesized photocatalysts were good at the absorption of visible light. A photodegradation proficiency of 64.72% was observed with tetracycline, 48.91% nitenpyram, and 98.70% with Rhodamine B in 30 min. The g-C3N4/BiOCl displayed a significant photocatalytic activity due to high load separation and transition. This study shows that g-C3N4/BiOCl photocatalyst has been confirmed as one of the most intriguing contenders for innovative photocatalyst designs and can potentially be used in treating wastewater and the environment at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium (Pd)-doped rGO/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared using the hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite underwent various analytical assessments to determine its structural, optical, and morphological properties. The analytical results confirmed the successful formation of the Pd-doped rGO/ZnO composite. This composite, referred to as Pd-rGO/ZnO, was employed for the photocatalytic degradation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (CBR) dye. The prepared photocatalyst, Pd-rGO/ZnO, exhibited a remarkable 93% efficiency in degrading CBR dye within 150 min under UV light. The enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities were achieved by modifying rGO and introducing Pd, which effectively increased the reactive surface area and facilitated electron transfer. Moreover, the composite also displayed significant antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner. Dye degradation over Pd-rGO/ZnO photocatalyst under UV light irradiation (DM – Dye molecules). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiOI is a promising photoelectrocatalyst for oxidation reactions. However, the limited photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity necessitates the development of new strategies to modify its surface chemistry and thus enhance functional properties. Herein, we present a simple method to increase photocurrent in a BiOI‐based photoanode by exfoliating microspheres of the oxyhalide produced through hydrothermal synthesis. Following exfoliation in isopropanol, the resulting layered BiOI‐based colloid contains a greater variety of species, including Bi2O2CO3, I3−, IO3−, Bi5+, and hydroxides, compared to the original BiOI. These additional species do not directly enhance the PEC oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Instead, they are consumed or converted during PEC OER, resulting in more active sites on the photoelectrode and reduced resistance, which ultimately improves the water oxidation performance of the exfoliated BiOI. Over long‐term chronoamperometry, the exfoliated BiOI demonstrates a photocurrent twice as high as that of the BiOI microspheres. Analysis of the species after PEC OER reveals that the combination of IO3−, Bi5+, and I3− species on the BiOI is beneficial for charge transfer, thus enhancing the intrinsic PEC properties of the BiOI. This study offers new insights into the role of surface chemistry in determining PEC performance, aiding the optimization of 2D materials‐based photoelectrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, SAPO-11, SAPO-11-γ-Al2O3 and SAPO-11-ZSM-5-γ-Al2O3 molecular sieve supports were prepared by static hydrothermal synthesis, which SAPO-11-γ-Al2O3 and SAPO-11-ZSM-5-γ-Al2O3 supports were loaded with Co and Mo as active metal components. The hydroisomerization properties of n-hexadecane on SAPO-11, SAPO-11-γ-Al2O3 and SAPO-11-ZSM-5-γ-Al2O3 molecular sieves were investigated, as well as the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, solid–liquid ratio and reaction pressure on the hydroisomerization properties. The results demonstrated that the SAPO-11 molecular sieves synthesized under the ratios of 1Al2O3:2P2O5:0.6TEOS:1.2DPA:55H2O, crystallization time of 48 h, and crystallization temperature of 180 °C had high crystallinity and uniform size distribution, and the pore structure was more obvious. After loading metals onto the SAPO-11-γ-Al2O3 molecular sieves, the charged metals partially block the pores or pore openings of the molecular sieves, leading to a reduction in specific surface area and pore volume. As a result, some acidic sites become occupied by the metals, weakening the acidity. The results of the hydroisomerization experiments showed that the SAPO-11 molecular sieves achieved maximum isoparaffin selectivity and isoparaffin yield, reaching values of 31.26% and 28.32%, respectively, at 340 °C over a reaction time of 60 min. The selectivity and yield reached maximum of 51.02% and 43.76% at liquid–solid ratio up to 25:1. The selectivity and yield reached maximum values of 55.82% and 51.2% at an initial reaction pressure of 5 MPA. For the SAPO-11-γ-Al2O3 supports, the selectivity and yield the maximum values of 79.50% and 71.49% at a metal Co: Mo loading ratio of 1:3 was achieved. For the SAPO-11-ZSM-5-γ-Al2O3 supports, the selectivity and yield the maximum values of 55.44% and 54.05% were achieved with ZSM-5 loading of 30 wt%. These catalysts have the potential for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During this endeavor, a hetero structured photocatalyst of hexagonal boronnitride@ZnO-TiO2 Nanocomposites that was effectively developed using the hydrothermal processing approach. The h-BN@ZnO/TiO2 hybrid junctions substantially suppressed the conjugation of photoinduced electrons and vacancies, as well as the migration of voids through nanoparticles composed of ZnO/TiO2. Thereby, the h-BN@ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibit improved photocatalytic capabilities and high resilience for the decomposed of methyl orange (MO) during visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the h-BN@ZnO/TiO2 NPs exhibited superior MO removal efficiency of 99.2% in only 20 min which was approximately 20 times enhancement in photocatalytic activity compared to pristine h-BN under the visible light irradiation. This high degradation performance was attributed to the extended light absorption, narrowed band gap and effective suppression of electron–hole recombination through an addition of ZnO-TiO2 NCs. According to the findings, a putative photocatalytic process of h-BN@ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites showed promise as an effective modern photo catalyst for use in the decomposition of organic pigments in sewage for environmental cleanup was postulated and addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the facile hydrothermal synthesis of pure Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6\MWCNTs nanocomposite at specific molar ratio 1:2.5 of Bi2WO6:MWCNTs and elucidates their role in modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway via autophagy induction. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman, UV.Vis PL,FESEM,EDS and TEM, revealed the successful incorporation of MWCNTs into the Bi2WO6 structures, leading to enhanced crystattlinity, reduced band gap energy (2.4 eV) suppressed charge carrier recombination and mitigated nanoparticles aggregation. Notably, the reduced band gap facikitaed improved visible light harvesting, a crucial attribute for photocatalytic applications. Significantly, the nanocompsoite exhibited a remarkable capacity to augment autophagy in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), consequently down-regulating the NLRP3 inflammasom activation and IL-1β secretion upon LPS and ATP stimulation. Immunofluorescence assays unveiled increased co-localization of LC3 and NLRP3, suggestion enhanced targeting of NLRP3 by autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA reversed these effects, confirming the pivotal role of autophagy induction. Furthermore, the nanocomposite attenuated caspase-1 activation and ASC oligomerzation, thereby impeding inflammasome assembly. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of Bi2WO6\MWCNTs nanocompsite as a multifaceted therapeutic platform, levering its tailored optoelectronic properties and sbility to modulate the NLRP3 infalmmasome via autophagy augmentation. This work covers the way for the development of advanced nanomaterials with tunable functionalities for combating inflammatory disorders and antimicrobial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs), as a kind of zero‐dimensional nanomaterials, have been widely synthesized by bottom‐up methods from various precursors. However, the formation mechanism is still unclear and controversial, which also brings difficulty to the regulation of structures and properties. Only some tentative formation processes were postulated by analyzing the products obtained at different reaction times and temperatures. Here, the effect of crosslinking on the formation of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) is explored. Crosslinking‐induced nucleation and carbonization (CINC) is proposed as the driving force for the formation of CPDs. Under hydrothermal synthesis, the precursors are initiated to polymerize and crosslink. The crosslinking brings higher hydrophobicity to generate the hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation, which promotes dehydration and carbonization resulting in the formation of CPDs. Based on the principle of CINC, the influence factors of size are also revealed. Moreover, the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation is employed to support this formation mechanism. This concept of CINC will bring light to the formation process of CPDs, as well as facilitate the regulation of CPDs' size and photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs), as a kind of zero‐dimensional nanomaterials, have been widely synthesized by bottom‐up methods from various precursors. However, the formation mechanism is still unclear and controversial, which also brings difficulty to the regulation of structures and properties. Only some tentative formation processes were postulated by analyzing the products obtained at different reaction times and temperatures. Here, the effect of crosslinking on the formation of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) is explored. Crosslinking‐induced nucleation and carbonization (CINC) is proposed as the driving force for the formation of CPDs. Under hydrothermal synthesis, the precursors are initiated to polymerize and crosslink. The crosslinking brings higher hydrophobicity to generate the hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation, which promotes dehydration and carbonization resulting in the formation of CPDs. Based on the principle of CINC, the influence factors of size are also revealed. Moreover, the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation is employed to support this formation mechanism. This concept of CINC will bring light to the formation process of CPDs, as well as facilitate the regulation of CPDs' size and photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sonohydrothermal (SHT) treatment is an innovative technique allowing the simultaneous coupling of low frequency ultrasound and hydrothermal conditions for the synthesis of materials. The aim of the present work was to investigate, for the first time, the synthesis of zeolite A and its formation mechanism under SHT conditions. The zeolite synthesis was carried out under sonohydrothermal conditions using a specially designed reactor that allows the application of ultrasonic irradiation at 20 kHz in an autoclave-type reactor heated up to 200 °C under autogenous pressure. The conversion kinetics of the amorphous hydrogel to zeolite A and its further conversion to sodalite were studied. Syntheses were performed in the SHT reactor at 80 and 100 °C, varying the synthesis time from 15 minutes to several hours. The required time to obtain fully crystalline zeolite A under sonohydrothermal conditions was only 25 minutes, highlighting a significantly improved crystallization rate compared to silent conditions (a 9.6-fold kinetic gain). In addition, the resulting zeolite A has smaller particles and a more homogeneous particle size distribution than the zeolite synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. These results can be explained by the sonofragmentation of the amorphous gel and the concomitant enhanced mass transfer of the building units at the interface between the crystallite surface and the solution resulting from the acoustic cavitation activity under SHT conditions. Compared to classical hydrothermal heating, a drastic kinetic increase of the transformation of zeolite A into the more stable sodalite phase was also observed under sonohydrothermal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New cesium cerium(IV) iodate Cs2Ce(IO3)6 was successfully prepared by applying a hydrothermal technique from starting reagents CsF, CeO2, H5IO6 and HIO3 at 230 °C. Cs2Ce(IO3)6 was analyzed via single crystal and powder XRD, EDX, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The new compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 14.0652(3) Å, b = 8.1890(2) Å, c = 17.7211(4) Å, β = 103.601(2)°, V = 1983.99(8) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure of Cs2Ce(IO3)6 consists of CeO8 square antiprisms sharing their apexes and edges with trigonal pyramidal IO3− groups to form layers [Ce(IO3)6]2− parallel to the ab plane. These layers are further stabilised by a 12-vertex polyhedron, CsO12, situated in their voids. The IR spectrum of Cs2Ce(IO3)6 displays iodate group bands. According to DTA analysis, cesium cerium(IV) iodate exhibits high thermal stability in the air at temperatures up to 414 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, perovskite oxides have recognized to be an ideal alternative to platinum‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts due to their excellent stability, cost‐effectiveness, and tailorable properties. Herein, an ABO3 type LaFeO3 perovskite was doped at its B‐site to form electrochemically active LaFeB′O6 (B′=Cr, Zn, Co) by one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis process. Due to the synergistic effects of increased surface area and electrochemically active sites, Cr‐doped LaFeO3 largely improves the mass transfer kinetics for ORR in both conditions, alkaline (0.1 M KOH) and acidic (0.5 M H2SO4) with a positive onset Eon of 0.80 and 0.81 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Similarly, a half‐wave (E1/2) potential of 0.68 and 0.63 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was comparable to the commercial 20 % Pt/C. Moreover, the La‐based perovskites were able to catalyze ORR with an electron transfer number (n)>3.6 signifying the superior 4‐electron pathway. Doped and undoped LaFeO3 exhibited remarkable stability in the chronoamperometry studies with a relative current of 92–95 % sustained over 8 h. Additionally, the La‐based electrocatalysts was unaffected by the crossover effect of methanol in both acidic and basic conditions, contrary to the commercial 20 % Pt/C. The present work serves as a useful strategy to maximize the efficiency and reliability in perovskites for energy‐related electrocatalytic applications and for alternative fuel generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured iron (III) oxide was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method using poly(triazine imide) (PTI) as a sacrificial template. The physicochemical properties of pristine iron oxide and its analogue obtained in the presence of PTI confirmed strong effect of the latter as the morphology improving agent. Moreover, application of nitrogen rich semiconducting polymer during hydrothermal synthesis increased number of defects. The obtained sample was used as an electroactive additive for carbon‐paste electrode. PTI‐modified sample demonstrated 1.52 times higher oxidation current, and 1.39 lower charge transfer resistance compared to hematite obtained without PTI, as was confirmed by CV and EIS data. Therefore, it was proposed to use the as a sensor for the detection of gallic acid. The developed method showed excellent linearity within a concentration range of 67 nM to 17.7 µM with a detection limit equal to 44 nM and limit of quantification of 132 nM. Stablitity and reproducibility tests, as well as real sample analysis confirmed applicability of the proposed sensor for practical application. Excellent electrochemical properties of the submicron hematite particles are attributed to the developed lattice defects, which served as reaction centers and charge transducing points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel approach to addressing environmental issues by developing fish-scale carbon nanoparticles (FSCNPs) with a wide range of colors from discarded fish scales. The process involves hydrothermally synthesizing raw tamban (Sardinella) fish scales sourced from Universal Canning, Inc. in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The optimization of the synthesis was achieved using the response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design. The resulting FSCNPs exhibited unique structural and chemical properties akin to carbonized polymer dots, enhancing their versatility. The solid-state fluorescence of these nanoparticles can be modulated by varying their concentration in a polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix, yielding colors such as blue, green, yellow, and red-orange with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.23, 0.38), (0.32, 0.43), (0.37, 0.43), and (0.46, 0.48), respectively. An analysis of the luminescence mechanism highlights cross-linking emissions, aggregation-induced emissions, and non-covalent interactions, which contribute to concentration-dependent fluorescence and tunable emission colors. These optical characteristics suggest that FSCNPs have significant potential for diverse applications, particularly in opto-electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic pollutants entering water bodies lead to severe water pollution, posing a threat to human health. The activation of persulfate advanced oxidation processes using carbon materials derived from MOFs as substrates can efficiently treat wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants. This research uses NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as a substrate, doped with Fe2+ and Co2+, to prepare Fe/Co-CNs through a one-step carbonization method. The surface morphology, pore structure, and chemical composition of Fe/Co-CNs were investigated using characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, BET, and Raman. A comparative study was conducted on the performance of catalysts with different Fe/Co ratios in activating PMS for the degradation of organic pollutants, as well as the effects of various influencing factors (the dosage of Fe/Co-CNs, the amount of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), the initial pH of the solution, the TC concentration, and inorganic anions) on the catalyst's activation of persulfate for TC degradation. Through radical quenching experiments and post-degradation XPS analysis, the active radicals in the FeCo-CNs/PMS system were investigated to explain the possible mechanism of TC degradation in the Fe/Co-CNs/PMS system. The results indicate that Fe/Co-CNs-2 (with a Co2+ doping amount of 20%) achieves a degradation rate of 93.34% for TC (tetracycline hydrochloride) within 30 min when activating PMS, outperforming other Co2+ doping amounts. In addition, singlet oxygen (1O2) is the main reactive species in the reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MXene Ti3C2Tx was synthesized using hydrofluoric acid and an improved multilayer method in this study. Subsequently, a Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx composite material was produced through hydrothermal synthesis. This composite boasts a unique layered structure, offering a large surface area that provides numerous contact and reaction sites, facilitating the adsorption of ammonia on its surface. The prepared Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx-based sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance for ammonia gas, including high responsiveness, good repeatability, and rapid response–recovery time. The sensor's response to 100 ppm ammonia gas is 61%, which is 11.3 times and 1.6 times the response values of the Ti3C2Tx gas sensor and Bi2O3 gas sensor, with response/recovery times of 61 s/164 s at room temperature, respectively. Additionally, the gas sensitivity mechanism of the Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx-based sensor was analyzed, and the gas sensing response mechanism was proposed. This study shows that the sensor can effectively enhance the accuracy and precision of ammonia detection at room temperature and has a wide range of application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure and Co (10 mol %)-doped α-Fe2O3 (Hematite) nanostructures have been effectively synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been used for the analysis of crystallography, morphology and functional groups of synthesized samples. The banding nature of synthesized samples is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Powder XRD results reveal the formation of rhombohedral structured α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. Effect of dopant and synthesis conditions, such as precursor change and time duration of heating temperature has been investigated on the morphology of pure and Co (10 mol %)-doped α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. It has been observed that the addition of dopant, change of precursor and time duration of the heating temperature of hydrothermal treatment can effectively control the morphology of NPs. Methylene dye (MB) has been used as a test contaminant in aqueous solution to determine the photo-catalytic potential of Fe2O3 nanostructures under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reported the synthesis of honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom-derived nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method. This method not only ensures the preservation of the bee venom's bioactive components but also enhances their potential stability, thus broadening the scope for their applications in the biomedicinal field. The synthesis method started with the homogenization suspension of bee venom, followed by its hydrothermal process to synthesize bee venom nanoparticles (BVNPs). The successful synthesis of BVNPs was characterized using various characteristic techniques such as Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential (ZP), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The synthesis of BVNPs through biosynthesis is shown by the visible violet-brown color development at 347 nm by UV–Vis spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups in the BVNPs, including alcohols (–OH), phenols (C6H5–), carboxylic acids (–COOH), amines (–NH2, –NH–), aldehydes (–CHO), ketones (–CO–), nitriles (–CN), amides (–CO–N–), imines (–CNH–), esters (–COO–), and polysaccharides. These functional groups, as confirmed by their specific stretching and bending vibrational modes, contribute to the diverse biological activities of BVNPs, including cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The ZP of the BVNPs indicated good colloidal stability at − 45 mV. LCMS analysis confirmed the presence of major bioactive molecules, including melittin & apamin and TEM analysis shows the BVNPs exhibited a quasi-spherical shape with good dispersion, the average size was approximately 25 nm, with some being smaller (quantum dots) and interplanar spacing of 0.236 nm indicated a highly ordered crystalline structure. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy of the BVNPs was ascertained through in vitro assays against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, showing a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. The findings of this study underscore the viability of hydrothermal synthesis in producing biologically active and structurally stable BVNPs, with a significant potential for anticancer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reported the synthesis of honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom-derived nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method. This method not only ensures the preservation of the bee venom's bioactive components but also enhances their potential stability, thus broadening the scope for their applications in the biomedicinal field. The synthesis method started with the homogenization suspension of bee venom, followed by its hydrothermal process to synthesize bee venom nanoparticles (BVNPs). The successful synthesis of BVNPs was characterized using various characteristic techniques such as Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential (ZP), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The synthesis of BVNPs through biosynthesis is shown by the visible violet-brown color development at 347 nm by UV–Vis spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups in the BVNPs, including alcohols (–OH), phenols (C6H5–), carboxylic acids (–COOH), amines (–NH2, –NH–), aldehydes (–CHO), ketones (–CO–), nitriles (–CN), amides (–CO–N–), imines (–CNH–), esters (–COO–), and polysaccharides. These functional groups, as confirmed by their specific stretching and bending vibrational modes, contribute to the diverse biological activities of BVNPs, including cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The ZP of the BVNPs indicated good colloidal stability at − 45 mV. LCMS analysis confirmed the presence of major bioactive molecules, including melittin & apamin and TEM analysis shows the BVNPs exhibited a quasi-spherical shape with good dispersion, the average size was approximately 25 nm, with some being smaller (quantum dots) and interplanar spacing of 0.236 nm indicated a highly ordered crystalline structure. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy of the BVNPs was ascertained through in vitro assays against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, showing a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. The findings of this study underscore the viability of hydrothermal synthesis in producing biologically active and structurally stable BVNPs, with a significant potential for anticancer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality in inorganic nanostructures has recently stimulated the attention of many researchers, both to unravel fundamental questions on the origin of chirality in inorganic and hybrid materials, as well as to introduce novel promising properties that are originated by the symmetry breaking. MoS2 is one of the most investigated among the large family of layered transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, the metastable metallic 1T−MoS2 phase is of large interest for potential applications. However, due to thermodynamic reasons, the synthesis of 1T−MoS2 phase is quite challenging. Herein, we present the first synthesis of chiral 1T−MoS2 phase which shows remarkably high chiroptical activity with a g‐factor up to 0.01. Chiral 1T−MoS2 was produced using tartaric acid as a chiral ligand to induce symmetry breaking during the material's growth under hydrothermal conditions, leading to the formation of distorted hierarchical nanosheet assemblies exhibiting chiral morphology. Thorough optimization of the synthetic conditions was carried out to maximize chiroptical activity, which is strongly related to the nanostructures' morphology. Finally, the formation mechanism of the chiral 1T−MoS2 nanosheet assemblies was investigated, focusing on the role of molecular intermediates in the growth of the nanosheets and the transfer of chirality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality in inorganic nanostructures has recently stimulated the attention of many researchers, both to unravel fundamental questions on the origin of chirality in inorganic and hybrid materials, as well as to introduce novel promising properties that are originated by the symmetry breaking. MoS2 is one of the most investigated among the large family of layered transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, the metastable metallic 1T−MoS2 phase is of large interest for potential applications. However, due to thermodynamic reasons, the synthesis of 1T−MoS2 phase is quite challenging. Herein, we present the first synthesis of chiral 1T−MoS2 phase which shows remarkably high chiroptical activity with a g‐factor up to 0.01. Chiral 1T−MoS2 was produced using tartaric acid as a chiral ligand to induce symmetry breaking during the material's growth under hydrothermal conditions, leading to the formation of distorted hierarchical nanosheet assemblies exhibiting chiral morphology. Thorough optimization of the synthetic conditions was carried out to maximize chiroptical activity, which is strongly related to the nanostructures' morphology. Finally, the formation mechanism of the chiral 1T−MoS2 nanosheet assemblies was investigated, focusing on the role of molecular intermediates in the growth of the nanosheets and the transfer of chirality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first aqueous silver borate nitrate Ag3B4O6(OH)2(NO3) has a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure (P43212, a = 10.0196(3) Å, c = 9.2594(2) Å). The compound is prepared by soft hydrothermal synthesis inside an evacuated quartz ampoule. The structure of the resulting 1D–5B-borate compound is formed by [B4O6(OH)2]2– chains consisting of two triborate rings with a common (2Δ3□:(‹Δ2□›–‹Δ2□›–)∞ tetrahedron and NO3 triangles with silver atoms between the rings. The relationship between the structures of Ag3B4O6(OH)2(NO3), Tl2B4O6(OH)2·2H2O and the kernite Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O (also formed by [B4O6 (OH)2]2– chains) is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys employed in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries exhibit exceptional low-temperature discharge performance but suffer from limited cycle life and insufficient high-temperature stability. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a hydrothermal synthesized LaF3 coating layer on the surface of the AB5 anode material. This LaF3 coating layer adds a protective barrier for the active material, significantly improving the battery's cycle life and high-temperature stability. Our findings indicate that (1) the LaF3 coated anode demonstrates an extended cycle life with increased specific capacity and a capacity retention of 88% after 40 cycles of abusive overcharging and rapid discharging at room temperature. (2) The synthesized anode exhibits a 97% recovery of its specific capacity of 292.7 mAh/g following 144 h of high-temperature storage. (3) The low-temperature discharge capacity of the synthesized anode remains on par with the pristine AB5 alloy at 230.4 mAh/g in a −40 °C environment. This research presents a significant advancement in hydrogen storage alloy coatings and offers valuable insights for designing electrodes in NiMH batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on the synthesis of biphasic titania nanowires from commercially available anatase titania via hydrothermal method to improve its antimicrobial activity. The electron microscope scanning (SEM) showed that the titania nanowires structures were successfully synthesized with width varying from 17 to 96 nm and length from 0.7 to 8 μm. The titania nanowires have biphasic structure of brookite and anatase, as observed from the X-ray diffraction pattern. The band gap was calculated from the ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) spectra at 3.3eV, which is between the range of pure anatase and pure brookite band gap. The crystallite size of the titania nanowires was calculated using the Scherer equation and showed a much smaller crystallite size compared to commercial titania. The antimicrobial activity of the titania nanowires was then investigated against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. They exhibited improved antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli along with Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, their inhibition zone was comparable to the antibiotic tetracycline. Meanwhile, the commercial titania did not show any antimicrobial activity on any tested bacterial strains. The improved antimicrobial activity of the titania nanowires was attributed to its biphasic phase, small particle size, and its one-dimensional morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic carcinogen severely harmful to humans and animals. This study fabricated SDB-6-K-9@TiO2 composites via the hydrothermal synthesis method to reduce AFB1. The structural characterization results of the photocatalytic composites showed that TiO2 was successfully loaded onto SDB-6-K-9. The different photocatalytic degradation conditions, photocatalyst kinetics, recycling performance, and photocatalytic degradation mechanism were investigated. Photocatalysis with 6 mg of 4%SDB-6-K-9@TiO2 in a 100 μg/mL AFB1 solution presented a reduction of over 95%, exhibiting excellent performance, high stability, and reusability even after five cycles of photocatalytic experiments. Active species trapping experiments confirmed that holes (h+) played the most critical role. After structural analysis and identification of the photocatalytic degradation products, the photodegradation path and photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of 4%SDB-6-K-9@TiO2 were postulated. The results show a new way to improve TiO2's photocatalytic performance, providing a certain theoretical basis for the effective AFB1 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystal of a thallium‐containing sulfate Tl2Pb(SO4)2 was prepared through hydrothermal crystallization starting from Tl2CO3, Pb(NO3)2 and H2SO4. The crystal structure was solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data: Tl2Pb(SO4)2 crystallizes in space group R3‾ ${\bar{3}}$ m with lattice parameters of a=5.5955(2) Å, c=22.1001(9) Å, and Z=3, which is also corroborated by Rietveld refinement on X‐ray powder data. The crystal structure can be regarded as [Pb(SO4)2]2− sheets intercalated by double layers of Tl+ along the c‐axis. From a mineralogical perspective, Tl2Pb(SO4)2 belongs to the palmierite family and can further be classified within palmierite‐supergroup. Validation of the structure models was carried out utilizing various concepts including Bond Valence (BV), Charge Distribution (CD) and Madelung Part of Lattice Energy (MAPLE). Notably, a contrast in stereochemical activity of 6s2 lone electron pair (LEP) between Tl+ and Pb2+ is interpreted in terms of bonding behaviours as well as Wang‐Liebau Eccentricity (WLE) parameters. Moreover, an extensive investigation into the crystal chemistry of thallium‐containing sulfates was conducted for the first time, focusing on the coordination environment and bonding behaviour of Tl+ and corresponding WLE parameters. A comparative analysis of these structurally related compounds including Tl2Pb(SO4)2, Tl3H(SO4)2, TlBi(SO4)2, TlIn(SO4)2, TlRh(SO4)2, and TlAl(SO4)2 was delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent luminescence (PersL) materials attract extensive interest in the scientific community nowadays due to their great potential in various fields, such as night‐vision signage, high‐level anticounterfeiting, in vivo bioimaging, and X‐ray extension imaging. However, the majority of PersL materials are synthesized by time‐ and energy‐consuming processes such as high‐temperature solid‐state reactions or hydrothermal synthesis. In this work, a rapid one‐step microwave‐assisted solid state (MASS) synthesis of La2MgGeO6‐based robust double perovskite PersL material is successfully achieved, without any secondary thermal treatment, which limits the total synthesis time to 30 min. Furthermore, this MASS approach is also employed to integrate multimodal luminescence into one single La2MgGeO6 matrix with triple dopants (Mn4+, Yb3+, and Er3+) for light conversion. Impressively, multimodal and multicolor luminescence is obtained with different responsiveness of external stimulations. Notably, the energy transfer among different trapping levels is observed upon photo‐stimulation. This work provides a good example of the feasibility of MASS method to prepare luminescent materials with abundant optical features in an efficient, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and easily manageable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a combination of increased urbanization, industrialization, and population growth, many pharmaceutical pollutants are currently being discharged into the environment. A possible strategy is critical for eliminating antibiotic pollutants from the environment, and photocatalysis has been generally recognized as an excellent method for successfully degrading antibiotics at a faster pace. In this work, we employed a hydrothermal synthesis approach to create a novel C3N5/NiCo2S4 Z-scheme-based heterojunction with better interfacial charge transfer and used it as a catalyst for the degradation of norfloxacin antibiotic. The optimized 1:1 C3N5/NiCo2S4 (50CN/NCS) shows the highest photocatalytic efficiency of 86.5% in 120 min towards the degradation of norfloxacin (NOR). Such an effective performance can be attributed to the high responsive nature of photocatalyst in the visible region and superior transfer of interfacial charges via Z-scheme transfer in heterojunction. The high charge transfer efficiency and reduced recombination of charge carriers in heterojunction was confirmed by EIS and PL results. The influence of some key factors such as pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, and coexisting ions on the photocatalytic activity is also investigated in this work. The optimized heterojunction 50CN/NCS also degraded 89.1%, 78.3%, and 93.2% removal of the other pollutants CIP, SDZ, and BPA, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, undoped and Ni-doped ZnS nanoparticles were fabricated using a hydrothermal method to explore their structural, optical, and surface properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the cubic crystal structure of ZnS, with the successful incorporation of Ni ions at various doping levels (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) without disrupting the overall lattice configuration. The average particle size for undoped ZnS was found to be 5.27 nm, while the Ni-doped samples exhibited sizes ranging from 5.45 nm to 5.83 nm, with the largest size observed at 6% Ni doping before a reduction at higher concentrations. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified characteristic Zn–S vibrational bands, with shifts indicating successful Ni incorporation into the ZnS lattice. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.72 eV for undoped ZnS to 3.54 eV for 6% Ni-doped ZnS, demonstrating tunable optical properties due to Ni doping, which could enhance photocatalytic performance under visible light. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the uniform distribution of Ni within the ZnS matrix, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided further confirmation of the chemical states of the elements. Ni doping of ZnS nanoparticles alters the surface area and pore structure, optimizing the material's textural properties for enhanced performance. These findings suggest that Ni-doped ZnS nanoparticles offer promising potential for applications in photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and other fields requiring specific band gap tuning and particle size control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the sustainable growth of future generations, energy storage technologies like supercapacitors and batteries are becoming more and more common. However, reliable and high‐performance materials' design and development is the key for the widespread adoption of batteries and supercapacitors. Quantum dots with fascinating and unusual properties are expected to revolutionize future technologies. However, while the recent discovery of quantum dots honored with a Nobel prize in Chemistry, their benefits for the tenacious problem of energy are not realized yet. In this context, herein, chemical‐composition tuning enabled exceptional performance of NiCo2O4(NCO)/graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is reported, which outperform the existing similar materials, in supercapacitors. A comprehensive study is performed on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance evaluation of highly functional NCO/GQDs in supercapacitors delivering enhanced energy efficiency. The high‐performance, functional NCO/GQDs electrode materials are synthesized by the incorporation of GQDs into NCO. The effect of variable amount of GQDs on the energy performance characteristics of NCO/GQDs in supercapacitors is studied systematically. In‐depth structural and chemical bonding analyses using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic studies indicate that all the NCO/GQDs composites crystallize in the spinel cubic phase of NiCo2O4 while graphene integration evident in all the NCO/GQDs. The scanning electron microscopy imaging analysis reveals homogeneously distributed spherical particles with a size distribution of 5–9 nm validating the formation of QDs. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that the NCOQDs are anchored on graphene sheets, which provide a high surface area of 42.27 m2g−1 and high mesoporosity for the composition of NCO/GQDs‐10%. In addition to establishing reliable electrical connection to graphene sheets, the NCOQDs provide reliable 3D‐conductive channels for rapid transport throughout the electrode as well as synergistic effects. Chemical‐composition tuning, and optimization yields NCO/GQDs‐10% to deliver the best specific capacitance of 3940 Fg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1, where the electrodes retain ≈98% capacitance after 5000 cycles. The NCO/GQD‐10%//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device demonstrates outstanding energy density and power density values of 118.04 Wh kg−1 and 798.76 W kg−1, respectively. The NCO/GQDs‐10%//NCO/GQDs‐10% symmetric supercapacitor device delivers excellent energy and power density of 24.30 Wh kg−1 and 500 W kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate and conclude that NCO/GQDs are exceptional and prospective candidates for developing next‐generation high‐performance and sustainable energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper reports the fabrication and evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO2)- and zinc oxide (ZnO)-based dye-sensitized solar cells with anthocyanin dye extracted from pomegranate. TiO2 and ZnO were synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition techniques, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that TiO2 had nanopillars made up of nano rods with dimensions of 111.866, 90.521, and 81.908 nm, while ZnO had hexagonal patterned nanorods with lengths of 283.294 nm and diameters of 91.782 nm. The absorption spectra of the pomegranate dye were analysed and the strongest absorption peak was found to be at 520 nm, which corresponds to the existing anthocyanin pigment. The band gap of pomegranate dye was noted down to be 2.45 eV. The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells was evaluated using one sun illumination (100 mW/cm2) where the dye-sensitized solar cell with TiO2 nanopillars achieved an improved efficiency of 0.46% whereas the dye-sensitized solar cell with ZnO nanorods showed a considerably reduced efficiency of 0.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two forms of flower-like ZnO nanostructures were synthesized using hydrothermal methods at various growth times/temperatures and zinc precursors. The morphology, structure, chemical composition, and optical properties of these ZnO nanoflowers were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images revealed two forms of flower-like nanostructures, namely lotus- and tulip-like flower ZnO nanostructures. The XPS analysis revealed the oxidation state of the Zn and O elements, as well as the presence of OH groups on the surface of the lotus-like flower ZnO nanostructure. The XRD results revealed less crystallinity of the lotus-like ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) compared with the tulip-like ZnO NFs. The XRD results revealed the presence of Zn (OH)2 in the ZnO NFs. The Raman results confirmed less crystallinity of the lotus-like ZnO NFs. The estimated optical bandgap was 2.92 and 3.0 eV for the tulip- and lotus-like ZnO NFs, respectively. The tulip-like ZnO NFs showed superior photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, verified via UV–Vis radiation, compared with the lotus-like ZnO NFs, which show the impact of the structure defects and OH- impurities on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoflowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As modern civilization's energy demands continue to rise, the need for efficient renewable energy solutions becomes increasingly critical. In addressing this challenge, our research explores the potential of newly developed iron (Fe)-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film electrodes, synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method, as a promising energy storage device. By systematically varying the Fe doping levels, we aim to elucidate the relationship between Fe content and the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the MoS2 electrodes. The optimized FM-3 electrode exhibited a remarkable areal capacitance of 8.25 F/cm2 at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with an energy density of 0.22 mWh/cm2 and a power density of 2.2 mW/cm2. Furthermore, the FM-3 demonstrated impressive long-term cycling stability, retaining 85.58% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. To further explore practical applicability, an asymmetric pouch-type supercapacitor device was assembled using an FM-3 electrode and activated carbon. The device achieved an impressive areal capacitance of 0.43 F/cm2 at a current density of 20 mA/cm2, delivering an energy density of 0.133 mWh/cm2 and a power density of 7.5 mW/cm2. The exceptional performance of the FM-3 electrode can be attributed to the enhanced diffusion rate, charge transfer efficiency, and better carrier mobility induced by Fe doping. This work not only highlights the significant electrochemical performance improvements of Fe-doped MoS2 electrodes but also demonstrates their potential for scalable energy storage solutions, making a valuable contribution to the field of next-generation energy storage technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the effects of carbonation curing and autoclave–carbonation curing on the properties of calcium oxide–belite–calcium sulfoaluminate (CBSAC) cementitious material aerated concrete. The objective is to produce aerated concrete that adheres to the strength index in the Chinese standard GB/T 11968 while simultaneously mitigating CO2 emissions from cement factories. Results show that the compressive strength of CBSAC aerated concrete with different curing regimes (autoclave curing, carbonation curing, and autoclave–carbonation curing) can reach 4.3, 0.8, and 4.1 MPa, respectively. In autoclave–carbonation curing, delaying CO2 injection allows for better CO2 diffusion and reaction within the pores, increases the carbonation degree from 19.1% to 55.1%, and the bulk density from 603.7 kg/m3 to 640.2 kg/m3. Additionally, microstructural analysis reveals that delaying the injection of CO2 minimally disrupts internal hydrothermal synthesis, along with the formation of calcium carbonate clusters and needle-like silica gels, leading to a higher pore wall density. The industrial implementation of autoclavecarbonation curing results in CBSAC aerated concrete with a CO2 sequestration capacity ranging from 40 to 60 kg/m3 and a compressive strength spanning from 3.6 to 4.2 MPa. This innovative approach effectively mitigates the carbon emission pressures faced by CBSAC manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. The rising demand for an easy, efficient, environment‐friendly, and cost‐effective method for wastewater treatment has paved the way for the photocatalytic degradation of wastewater. Organic dyes, which comprise a major portion of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, are highly toxic and carcinogenic. The hydrothermal method, being economical, easily available, and environmentally friendly, is used to prepare the time‐varying KBiFe2O5 samples. KBiFe2O5 is a lead‐free (nonhazardous), low‐bandgap brownmillerite‐structured crystalline material that can use a wide range of solar spectrum. Their phase purity is also confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (UV–Vis DRS) is done to confirm the bandgap value and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is performed to identify the chemical bonds in the material. Degrading textile organic effluent methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light and comparing its photodegradation performance are conducted to investigate the synthesized samples' photocatalytic properties. The photocatalytic activity is relatively enhanced by adding H2O2 in a precise amount. So, the synthesized samples effectively demonstrate photocatalytic behavior, which has been used for wastewater remediation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum oxide was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method by varying the reaction time such as 6, 12, and 24 h. In XRD, study confirms the presence of a hexagonal structure, and the phase remains the same at different times; the main goal is to assess the average crystallite size of prepared La2O3 nanoparticles, which was found in the range of 6 to 8 nm. An interesting observation from the XRD data was the apparent increase in crystalline nature as the synthesis time was extended. The UV–Vis spectroscopic studies show a change in the band gap when the reaction time is changed. The morphology analysis shows that the image revealed that the particles formed were agglomerated and formed a spherical shape, with diameters ranging between 35 and 86 nm. When tested for photocatalytic activity, the La2O3 nanoparticles show a degradation of methylene blue dye when the time varies. Remarkably, the nanoparticles synthesized exhibited a profound ability to degrade the dye, with an efficiency rate hitting as high as 89% under halogen light illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in complex water environments is crucial for promoting the photovoltaic electrolysis of water splitting for hydrogen production in arid areas. However, traditional catalysts often exhibit limitations in terms of reaction kinetics and electrode corrosion resistance. In this work, we successfully prepared a self-supporting perovskite complex oxide La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ/NF (LSC/NF) catalyst by means of simple hydrothermal synthesis combined with programmed annealing, and successfully applied to OER reaction in oilfield wastewater. In alkaline oilfield wastewater, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, LSC/NF requires only 411 mV of overpotential, which is lower than that of LSC (493 mV) and traditional catalyst RuO2 (451 mV), suggesting a high OER catalytic activity. The good electrocatalytic activity can be attributed to its superhydrophilicity, increased electrochemical active surface area, faster reaction kinetics and higher oxygen vacancy concentration. This research offers valuable new insights for the development of OER electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity in complex water systems in arid areas. A self-supporting perovskite oxide catalyst La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ/NF was synthesized by a simple process combining hydrothermal and annealing. The growth of perovskite oxide nanosheets directly on the conductive nickel foam matrix gives the catalyst a strong hydrophilicity and significantly expands its electrochemical active surface area, thus enhancing the OER activity of LSC/NF in oilfield wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of highly efficient and earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalyst to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical for overall water splitting. In this work, bimetallic Co/Mo oxides modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, which significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity in both HER and OER. Under the optimal conditions, the double layer capacitance of rGO modified by Co/Mo bimetal is 78.08 mF cm−2. The overpotential required for HER to reach -10 mA cm−2 current density is 488 mV, the dynamic Tafel slope is 126 mV dec−1. The overpotential required for OER to reach 10 mA cm−2 current density is 420 mV, the slope of kinetic Tafel is 169 mV dec−1. This work provides a new prospect for the rational design and fabrication of efficient HER/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalyst microstructure significantly impacts the corresponding hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance. In this study, the carbon sponge (CMF) derived from melamine foam was used as support to prepare a series of pre-sulfurized CoMoS/CMF catalysts with different Co/Mo molar ratios using hydrothermal synthesis. The characterization results from SEM, TEM, XRD, and N2 physisorption revealed that all catalysts exhibit the three-dimensional porous (3DP) structure, where the metal sulfides with uneven ravines coated the CMF framework. The optimized Co2.0MoS/CMF catalyst achieved 99.2% thiophene conversion at 1 MPa and 360 °C during HDS test. The interconnected pores facilitated the reactant/product diffusion in the catalyst. Moreover, the highly dispersed MoS2 provided abundant active sites, leading to enhanced HDS activity. This study demonstrates the promise of CMF support for developing pre-sulfurized catalysts with enhanced HDS activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO). The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these nanocomposites, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Subsequently, the potential of TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites as bio-active materials against wound infection-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Furthermore, the investigated samples show disrupted bacterial biofilm formation. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was conducted to investigate the mechanism of nanocomposite inhibition against bacteria and for further in-vivo determination of antimicrobial activity. The MTT assay was performed to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of nanocomposite. The results suggest that TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as effective bio-active nanomaterials for combating pathogenic microorganisms present in wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]