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The article offers brief profile of American historian Joyce Oldham Appleby and her dissertation on the way a group of French deputies at the beginning of the French Revolution used the American model to gain political advantage. It mentions British historians had made their reputations by tackling aspects of the country's political history and political trajectory of liberalism. It also mentions alternative to capitalism that privileged state ownership.

History as a field of study has been going through rapid mutations in the last decades. Post-modernism challenged the notion of a unitary self and even the notion of truth. Identity politics undermined national narratives by showing how many had been left out of the accounts. More recently, global history has shifted attention away from nation-states toward the international migration of peoples and goods. Historians need to lead the way in working through these issues in order to provide a history that is adequate to the challenges of citizenship in the twenty-first century. This is all the more true as lying about the past has moved from the margins to the centre of political life in many places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A response is offered to the essay "Human Rights and History," by Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann, which appeared in the August 2016 issue, number 232. Topics, including human rights history and historiography, idealism, global politics in the 1990s, political history and the role that the historian Samuel Moyn play in the study of human rights, are discussed.

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The article focuses on the modernity of French philosopher Michel Foucault's work. Topics mentioned include the development of the liberation of sexuality since the 18th century, the increasing power of people, and the differences of Foucault's ideas with the social theories developed by German philosopher Karl Marx.

The article discusses the influence of French philosopher Michel Foucault on historians and historiography of Italy. Topics discussed include the publication of Foucault's works in Italian in the 1960s and 1970s, historical concepts of genealogy, subjectivity, and the present, and the influence of English language philosophy and history texts using the philosophy and vocabulary of Foucault in the 1990s.

A preface to journal is presented that discusses the published works of historian Robert R. Palmer.

Objective: Research on stroke survivors' driving safety has typically used either self-reports or government records, but the extent to which the 2 may differ is not known. We compared government records and self-reports of motor vehicle collisions and driving convictions in a sample of stroke survivors. Methods: The 56 participants were originally recruited for a prospective study on driving and community re-integration post-stroke; the study population consisted of moderately impaired stroke survivors without severe communication disorders who had been referred for a driving assessment. The driving records of the 56 participants for the 5 years before study entry and the 1-year study period were acquired with written consent from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), Canada. Self-reports of collisions and convictions were acquired via a semistructured interview and then compared with the MTO records. Results: Forty-three participants completed the study. For 7 (13.5%) the MTO records did not match the self-reports regarding collision involvement, and for 9 (17.3%) the MTO records did not match self-reports regarding driving convictions. The kappa coefficient for the correlation between MTO records and self-reports was 0.52 for collisions and 0.47 for convictions (both in the moderate range of agreement). When both sources of data were consulted, up to 56 percent more accidents and up to 46 percent more convictions were identified in the study population in the 5 years before study entry compared to when either source was used alone. Conclusion: In our population of stroke survivors, self-reports of motor vehicle collisions and driving convictions differed from government records. In future studies, the use of both government and self-reported data would ensure a more accurate picture of driving safety post-stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented to the articles published in this issue including "(Even Radical) Illustration Requires (Normalizing) Convention: The Case of ‘Genre Art’ in Early Modern Japan," "What Does Seeing an Image Mean?" and "Historical Pyrrhonism and Architectural Truth."

Objective: To investigate the relationship between driving versus not driving and community integration after stroke. Much research on patients who drive after experiencing a stroke has focused on driving assessment protocols; little attention has been given to the implications of assessment outcomes. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Six driving evaluation centers in Ontario, Canada. Participants: Fifty-three community-dwelling patients who were referred for a driving assessment after they experienced a stroke. Methods: Data on demographics, living circumstances, health status, driving habits, and driving history were gathered via a semistructured interview and various questionnaires administered on 3 occasions: study entry (≥1 month after stroke; n = 53), 3 months (n = 44), and 1 year (n = 43). Main Outcome Measurement: Reintegration into the community at 1 year, as evaluated with the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). Results: The participants had sustained a stroke an average of 12.3 months before study entry. Two subjects were driving at study entry. At 1 year, 28 (65%) of 43 subjects had passed their driving test and had resumed/continued driving. Nondrivers had a significantly lower mean RNLI score than drivers. Subjects who were not driving at study entry but had resumed driving by 1 year had a significant increase in RNLI score (P = .011). Driving was significantly associated with community integration after adjustment for concomitant health status (P < .001). Driving and health status were associated with community integration at 1 year, accounting for 32% of the variance in RNLI score. Conclusions: Driving after stroke was significantly associated with community integration in patients after adjustment for health status (P < .001). Community decision-makers may decide to use the study results when determining the transportation needs of stroke survivors who self-limit their driving because of weather, time of day, or distance concerns. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Reminiscing about her encounters with Zhang Zhilian, who was a professor at Peking University and a specialist in the French Revolution and French history, Hunt offers her thoughtful reflections on the issue of politics in modern times. She states that during revolutionary times, such as the French Revolution, one becomes more aware of the multilayered meaning and processes of politics. It is also during revolutionary times that the intricate and intrinsic relationship between politics and society is displayed in its fullest sense, and its revelation demands an interdisciplinary as well as a comparative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a transcript of a roundtable discussion between gender historians regarding women and the French Revolution. Subjects under discussion include the historiography of gender studies related to the French Revolution in the 20th and 21st centuries, theories of masculinity and femininity in the late 18th century, and the reconfiguration of gender roles after the Revolution.

The article discusses the need for a different paradigm regarding historical research on the French Revolution. The author suggests that research, the collapse of Soviet communism and conceptual changes have resulted in decreased popularity in Marxist and neo-Tocquevillian perspectives on the French Revolution. She suggests that investigation of subjective experiences of the Revolution can help define global perspectives. She discusses neurological concepts of experience and empathy as they apply to nonverbal communication during the Revolution and notes research focusing on social aspects of violence committed during the Revolution. Research on art history and visual cultures pertaining to the Revolution is also noted.

The article presents an obituary for the American historian and former member of the American Philosophical Society Eugen Weber.

Objectives. Driving evaluations are performed by Occupational Therapists to evaluate drivers with disability. They include both off-road and on-road assessments. Many aspects of driving are examined during the on-road assessment. The main objective of this study is to identify the elements of the Occupational Therapy on-road driving assessment that are most predictive of the overall driving evaluation. Methods. This retrospective cohort study took place at a provincially approved Driving Assessment Program. Records of 700 participants with various disabilities who completed a driving assessment between 1995 and 2003 were reviewed. Only clients who completed the on-road assessment were included in the study. At our center, 11 driving elements comprised of 34 items were used as independent variables and rated as pass (acceptable or good) or fail (borderline or poor). Analysis was completed with descriptive statistics and use of logistic regression to identify elements that contributed most significantly to the overall driving evaluation. Results. A total of 628 clients completed the on-road assessment with an overall pass rate of 50%. Logistic regression modeling identified poor anticipation of road hazards, observation of environment, improper stopping position, poor visual scanning, poor knowledge of the rules of the road, and increasing age as predictive of failure for all participants. Further analysis grouped subjects according to disability to identify similarities and differences between pass/fail predictors. Both similarities and differences in predictive elements were found between cognitive and physical diagnostic groupings. Most notably, the physical diagnostic grouping showed that cognitive, not physical elements of the on-road test, predicted failure of the overall driving evaluation. Conclusions. Of the 11 elements considered in the on-road evaluation, specific cognitive ones such as anticipates potential hazards, scanning, observes for pedestrians, and proper stopping position tend to contribute more to the prediction of pass or fail than others. These elements should be considered as components of on-road assessments by other Driving Assessment Programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines contemporary attitudes toward crowd violence in a very different manner. Aim of an online experiment in which specialists in French revolutionary imagery write about depictions of crowd violence; Significance of the experiment to expand the meaning of politics; Lessons learned from the experiment.

The article focuses on sociologist Daniel Roche and his writings. Though Roche's works are numerous and offer a large amount of quantitative data, what is involved here is not simply quantity. The essence of Roche's contribution lies elsewhere. In "Histoire des choses banales" Roche begins with a well-worn question. The book aims to contribute to the understanding of those transformations from what one call, lacking a better term, traditional society, which moves little by little from amoral economy of community welfare and scarcity to an economy aspiring to happiness in this world, relative abundance and utility.

The article discusses the human bodies and origins of human rights. Historian Michel Foucault's study of western individualism leading to disciplining the body as in the prisons and experiences of sexuality are the basis. He was the one who saw the human body as autonomous and that it possessed rights. An analysis of his works, "Discipline and Punishment," talked of disciplinary practices in prisons and in "The History of Sexuality" he discussed the technologies of sex. Violation of the body was not limited to punishment after judgment. New ideas of human rights were thus formed, in spite of some people favouring barbarity.

On September 11th, 2001 the United States experienced the largest terrorist attack in its history. This event caused many government agencies to review their security practices and procedures. It also has raised awareness of other avenues that terrorists might pursue to achieve their goals, including cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism can be described as politically motivated attacks in cyberspace. These attacks are intended to cause grave harm, such as loss of life or severe economic damage. Often the term "weapons of mass disruption" is used in describing these potential computer-based threats. The threat of these attacks intensified the need for more computer professionals to have computer security expertise. It also pointed to the need for students studying computer related fields to be exposed to topics in computer security, particularly the threat posed by cyber terrorism. We examined a random sample of sixteen textbooks in the field of computer security to determine the coverage dedicated to cyber terrorism. Textbooks typically provide resources for faculty to teach students various topics in a course -- in this case resources to help students understand the potential threats, techniques, and targets of cyber terrorists. The results show that computer security textbooks do not give cyber terrorism the depth of cover-age warranted by its significance for the IT industry. Therefore, faculty need to find their own references and resources to address cyber terrorism adequately in their class. This paper concludes by providing numerous web sites and trade books that can be used to help faculty provide more information to their students on cyber terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of the Driving and Dementia Toolkit on physician knowledge and confidence gained and the anticipated change in patient assessment and evaluated the extent to which physicians found the material to be useful. Before receiving the driving toolkit, 301 randomly selected primary care physicians received a copy of the pretest questionnaire; 145 responded and met the eligibility criteria. This group was then sent the toolkit, a satisfaction a survey, and a posttest questionnaire. Physicians were faxed the questionnaires (with up to three reminders) and telephoned if necessary. Changes in pre- and posttest results were analyzed using the McNemar test and Wilcoxon signed rank test nonparametric procedures included in SPSS, Version 10.0, and paired-samples t test. Pre- and posttest data were available and could be matched for 86 physicians (59.3%) response. Knowledge and confidence increased significantly (P ≤.05) for most of the toolkit content questions. There was also a clear intent on the part of study participants to begin including additional pertinent questions in the patient/caregivers interview when assessing a patient's fitness to drive. On a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high), overall satisfaction with the toolkit rated an average of 8.4. Use of the toolkit resulted in a clear improvement in physicians' reported knowledge of and confidence in dealing with dementia and driving. Future applications of similar innovative continuing education models can be used for other areas such as disclosure of dementia diagnosis, capacity assessments, or end-of life issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Student exposure to illness-related theatrical performances holds intriguing educational possibilities. This project explored uses of theatrical performance within the context of medical education. Method Two 1-person shows, dramatically addressing AIDS and ovarian cancer, were presented to audiences totalling approximately 150 medical students, faculty, community doctors, staff and patients. Results Evaluations for both performances indicated increased understanding of the illness experience and greater empathy for patients. They also showed that respondents obtained additional insights into patient care issues, and developed new ways of thinking about their situations. Conclusions Presenting illness-related dramatic performances as an adjunct method of enhancing empathy and insight toward patients in a self-selected group of students, doctors, staff and patients was successful. Although this approach might not be effective with all learners, those who participated felt they gained important insights into the nature of the patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores how the French Revolution has given birth to both terror and democracy. Nature and significance of the experiential quality of the French Revolution; Notions about the social contract; Transfer of sacredness to the social framework.

Focuses on the British male affect and sociability during the French Revolution in Great Britain. Details of the correspondence between engineer William Creighton and Gregory Watt; Description of Whig or liberal and anti-Whig versions of British sexuality; Impact of the revolution on the affective energy of the British males.

Bumblebees are important pollinators of many crops and wild flowers and there are both conservation and economic reasons for taking action to assess the impact of pesticides on bumblebees. Pesticide risk assessments for honeybees are based on hazard ratios which rely on application rates and toxicity data and are unlikely to be appropriate for bumblebees. Bumblebees are active at different times and on different crop species and are, therefore, likely to have different exposure profiles. Unlike honeybees, deaths of bumblebees due to pesticides are unlikely to be reported, since the bees are not kept domestically and will die in small numbers. This paper highlights the differences in the potential risk posed by pesticides to bumblebees from that of honeybees. This is based on their exposure through use of crops and flowering weeds and on available data on toxicity of pesticides. This information is also intended as a source document for information on the foraging behavior and phenology of bumblebees for use in risk assessment for pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adrenocortical responsiveness to separation in group-living rhesus macaque mother-infant pairs was determined. Cortisol evaluations were complemented by behavioral observations of mother-infant interactions and group social behavior. Infants, but not their mothers, showed cortisol elevations that could be attributed specifically to separation. Steroid-behavior relationships suggested that the infants of high dominant mothers evinced the greatest adrenocortical response to separation. These data exemplify the complexities involved in determining endocrine/behavior relationships in a group living situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the author's reply to Philip Stewart's critique of her book `The Family Romance of the French Revolution' and concerning the pitfalls of using literary and artistic sources in historical accounts. Stewart's ambivalence towards interdisciplinarity; Character of Stewart's inquiry; Disciplinary self-defense; Stewart as troubled by attempts at collective characterization.

Addresses the advantages of disciplinarity in interdisciplinary studies. Analogy between disciplinarity and the development of language; Historicization of aesthetic objects; Conflict of aesthetics and history in the French Revolution.

Responds to commentaries about the authors' book `Telling the Truth About History.' How to recast notions of truth and objectivity within the framework of a deeply chastened faith in science and reason.

Presents the author's reply to comments on her work entitled, `The Family Romance of the French Revolution,' about the significance of the French Revolution in terms of a familial model of politics. Claims about social experience; Criticisms on the use of the term `family romance'; Presuppositions about the nature of power; Dangers present in the revolutionary situation.

Comments on William Doyle's and Michelle Vovelle's interpretations of the French Revolution. Consequences of using the revisionist writing; Convergence of the texts of Doyle and Vovelle; Meaning of ideological conflicts; Revolutionary consciousness of the elite.

The article examines the politics of Troyes and Reims in the province of Champagne, France from 1750 to 1789. Social differences separated the towns. The power of lay notables of Reims were shared with local clergymen. Description of the rulers of the towns are provided. Political flexibility and openness were demonstrated by the ruling group of Reims.

Addresses the debate on the virtues and vices of recovering the past through the methods of historians and novelists. Details on the writing of the novel `Alias Grace'; Meaning of historical time; Importance of recovering the details of the past; Challenges of dealing with the unknowable.

Focuses on the French Revolution. Output of the founding generation of American historians; Characteristic forgetfulness of historians; Ideas of writer James Harvey Robinson; Writings about the revolution; Democratic consequences of the revolution; Political stakes of the new cultural history.