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In this paper, we consider the dynamics of charge imbalance resolved negativity after a local joining quench in the 1 + 1 dimensional free complex boson CFT. In the first part, we study the local joining quench by applying conformal maps, obtaining analytical universal results. We first calculate the quench dynamics of charged logarithmic negativity. Then using the Fourier transformation, we obtain the charge imbalance resolved negativity. The total negativity can be recovered from the charge-resolved ones. In the second part, we test our CFT predictions against the underlying lattice model numerically. Finally, we explain our results based on the quasi-particle picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with extremely high energy densities have several advantages among energy storage equipment. However, the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the flammable liquid electrolytes (LEs) often cause safety accidents. All solid‐state batteries seem to be the ultimate choice, but solvent‐free electrolytes usually fail in terms of conductivity at room temperature. Therefore, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with a simple manufacturing process and high ionic conductivity are considered as the most competitive candidates to resolve the present difficulties. Herein, we design a polymeric network structure via esterification and amidation reactions between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carbon dots (CDs). After incorporation with polyvinylidene fluoride and some LEs, the as‐prepared PEG–CDs composite electrolytes (PCCEs) show a high ionic conductivity of 5.5 mS/cm and an ion transference number of 0.71 at room temperature, as well as good flexibility and thermostability. When the PCCEs are assembled with lithium metal anodes and LiFePO4 or LiCoO2 cathodes, both the cycling stability and the retention rate of these LMBs show excellent performance at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Solubility and dissolution rate are essential for the oral absorption and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to prepare nano-co-crystals by combination of nanocrystal and co-crystal technologies, and investigate its effect, in situ, on increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate. Methods: Co-crystals of itraconazole-fumaric acid, itraconazole-succinic acid, indomethacin-saccharin and indomethacin-nicotinamide were prepared and nano-sized by wet milling. The particle size and solid state of the co-crystals were characterized by optical microscope, LD, PCS, DSC and XRPD before and after milling. Results: 300-450 nm sized nano-co-crystals with a stable physical solid state were successfully prepared. Nano-co-crystals exhibited a lower crystallinity reduction than nanocrystals after wet milling. The particle size effect on the kinetic solubility of co-crystals was analysed for macro-, micro- and nano-co-crystals with in situ kinetic solubility studies. The maximum kinetic solubility of nano-co-crystals increased with excess conditions until a plateau. The highest increase was obtained with itraconazole-succinic acid nano-co-crystals with a kinetic solubility of 263.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL which was 51.5 and 6.6 times higher than the solubility of raw itraconazole and itraconazole-succinic acid co-crystal. Conclusions: The synergistic effect of nanocrystals and co-crystals with regard to increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate was proven. The combination of the advantages of nanocrystals and co-crystals is a promising formulation strategy to increase both the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn3O4 is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) which is a new type of low cost, eco‐friendly, high security energy storage system, while those previously reported electrochemical capacities of Mn3O4 are far from its theoretical value. In this work, Mn3O4 nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) are synthesized together through an in‐situ hydrothermal route, and then calcined to be a nanocomposite in which Mn3O4 nanoparticles are anchored on a nitrogen‐doped carbon skeleton (designated as Mn3O4/NCDs). Although the carbon content is only 3.9 wt.% in the Mn3O4/NCDs, the NCDs‐derived carbon skeleton provides an electrically conductive network and a stable structure. Such a special nanocomposite has a large specific surface area, plenty of active sites, excellent hydrophilicity and good electronic conductivity. Owing to these structural merits, the Mn3O4/NCDs electrode exhibits a preeminent specific capacity of 443.6 mAh g−1 and 123.3 mAh g−1 at current densities of 0.1 and 1.5 A g−1 in ZIBs, respectively, which are far beyond the bare Mn3O4 nanoparticles synthesized under the similar condition. The electrochemical measurement results prove that carbon dots, as a new type of carbon nanomaterials, have strong ability to modify and improve the performance of existing electrode materials, which may push these electrode materials forward to practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) is a dominating power source in the market owing to its high energy density, good cycling stability and environmental benignity. However, technical challenges remain after years' optimization and commercialization, which are detrimental to the expected performance and lifespan of LIBs. For instance, many cathode materials of LIBs suffer from rapid capacity fading and poor high‐rate performance, which are ascribed to self‐aggregation, dissolution and fast increased charge transfer resistances during cycles. In terms of the anode materials, low coulombic efficiency, electrolyte depletion and safety issues are common. In addition, the liquid electrolyte systems trigger safety concerns because flammable and volatile organic solvents are necessary. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) emerge as a sound material to address those challenges of LIBs, and also present promising applications in bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, photo/electro‐catalysis, and electroluminescence. This review will overlook the state‐of‐the‐art advances in the employment of CDs based composites to build cathode/anode materials and electrolytes in LIBs, through tailoring the internal structures and the surface states of electrode materials, and being additives in electrolyte, to improve the performances of the next‐generation LIBs. The major challenges and opportunities in front of CDs in LIBs will be outlined and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a thermoelectric application, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and figure of merit of epoxy resin-based composites incorporated with carbon nanotubes and TiO are investigated in this paper. First, the composite is prepared with a solution blending method. Then, the structure, thermal and electrical conductivities are characterized with experimental methods. Finally, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and figure of merit are discussed. Results turn out that with an increasing content of carbon nanotube fillers, there are different changing trends of thermal and electrical conductivities because of large difference between thermal and electrical contact resistances in the composite. With the increasing filler content, the electrical conductivity increases exponentially while thermal conductivity saturates to be a constant value. Due to the large ratio of electrical to thermal conductivities, the figure of merit with 8 wt% of fillers is more than 50 times larger than that with a low content of fillers. Our results confirm that the recently proposed concept of 'electron-percolation thermal-insulator' is a feasible way to enhance the figure of merit of a polymer composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to structure a hyaluronic acid modified nanostructured lipid carrier (HA-NLCs) for vincristine sulfate (VCR) delivery, and detect its efficiency to improve the oral bioavailability. Emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare the HA-NLCs nanoparticles. The particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of VCR-NLCs and HA-NLCs were 187 ± 3.52 nm, −8.61 ± 1.29 mV, 33.12 ± 1.16% and 192 ± 4.41 nm, −32.82 ± 2.64 mV, 34.41 ± 2.21%, respectively. HA-NLCs could significantly improve the cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells than other VCR formulations. The expressions of apoptosis related protein Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2 were estimated by western blot assay in MCF-7 cells, and HA-NLCs exhibited the strongest effect in promoting cell apoptosis. The pharmacokinetics of HA-NLCs was evaluated in Sprague–Dawley male rats and the relative oral bioavailability of HA-NLCs and VCR-NLCs was improved about 1.8-fold and two-fold compared with VCR solution, respectively. Therefore, these results indicated that HA-NLCs could significantly improve the oral bioavailability and was a promising vehicle for the oral delivery of VCR. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The influence of nanopore shapes on the electronic thermal conductivity (ETC) was studied in this paper. It turns out that with same porosity, the ETC will be quite different for different nanopore shapes, caused by the different channel width for different nanopore shapes. With same channel width, the influence of different nanopore shapes can be approximately omitted if the nanopore is small enough (smaller than 0.5 times EMFP in this paper). The ETC anisotropy was discovered for triangle nanopores at a large porosity with a large nanopore size, while there is a similar ETC for small pore size. It confirmed that the structure difference for small pore size may not be seen by electrons in their moving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the recent concept of the photonic hyper-crystal--an artificial optical medium that combines the properties of hyperbolic materials and photonic crystals, we present the imaging system functioning as a Veselago lens. This planar lens shows a nearly constant negative refractive index with substantially reduced image aberrations, and can find potential applications in photolithography and hot-spots detection of silicon-based integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely believed that diversity in network systems and software will decrease the virulence of malicious codes and the domino effect of singlrrepeat attacks. Proposes a survivability based nodeweight diversity deploy algorithm. Starting from node importance, the algorithm assigns distinct software to all nodes. The algorithm can guarantee the minimal impact of a single node on the network systems as well as achieve high survivability of the core nodes. The algorithm is proved to be effective through simulation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal oxides modified Ni/ γ-AlO catalysts for glycerol steam reforming were prepared by impregnation. Characterization results of fresh catalysts indicated that the molybdates modification abated the acidity and the stronger metal-support interaction of Ni/ γ-AlO catalysts, leading to a stable catalytic activity. Especially, NiMoLa-CaMg/ γ-AlO (NiMoLa/CMA) catalyst exhibited no deactivation along with glycerol complete conversion to stable gaseous products containing 69% H, 20% CO and 10% CO during time-on-stream of 42 h. TPO of spent Ni/ γ-AlO catalysts modified by different components showed that the carbon deposit on acidic sites and NiAlO species led to catalysts deactivation. A lower reforming temperature and a higher LHSV and glycerol content were helpful to the production of syngas from GSR over NiMoLa/CMA; the reverse conditions would improve the formation of H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO-SiO catalysts for glycerol acetalization with acetone are synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by N adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, NH-temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques in the present work. The effects of catalyst preparation and acetalization parameters such as reaction time, acetone/glycerol ratio, catalyst amount and reaction temperature on acetalization are investigated simultaneously. Pyridine adsorption results indicate that Ti-Si mixed oxides naturally only consist of Lewis acidic sites. The results of catalyst preparation and characterization show that Brønsted acidic sites can be produced after Ti-Si mixed oxides adsorb water molecules, and TiO-SiO (Si/Ti = 1) calcined at 550 °C exhibits the most total acidic density leading to the highest catalytic property in glycerol acetalization. The glycerol catalytic acetalization mainly occurs on the Brønsted acidic sites. The effects of acetalization parameters indicate that the formation of the main product 5-membered ring ketal 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl methanol (about 90 %) is governed by kinetics. About 95 % glycerol conversion in acetalization is obtained under the optimum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial diversity in fecal samples from the wild pygmy loris was examined with a 16S rDNA clone library and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The clones were classified as Firmicutes (43.1%), Proteobacteria (34.5%), Actinobacteria (5.2%), and Bacteroidetes (17.2%). The 58 different kinds of 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 16 genera and 20 uncultured bacteria. According to phylogenetic analysis, the major genera within the Proteobacteria was Pseudomonas, comprising 13.79% of the analyzed clone sequences. Many of the isolated rDNA sequences did not correspond to known microorganisms, but had high homology to uncultured clones found in human feces. Am. J. Primatol. 72:699–706, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the chemical composition of the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Cephalotaxus lanceolata, a tree which is distributed in Burma and Yunnan, China. It states the fresh leaves of C. lanceolata provided 0.73% of a yellowish oil. It mentions several major components of the oil including heptacosane, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatics.