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We retrospectively reviewed 102 patients with esophageal cancer (97.1% squamous cell carcinoma, 96.1% stage III) received FDG-PET staging and were treated by chemoradiotherapy with or without resection to assess whether the pretreatment [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes can predict the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to find the cutoff values for primary tumor SUVmax and nodal SUVmax. The influence of clinical factors including primary tumor SUVmax and nodal SUVmax on local progression-free survival, nodal progression-free survival (NPFS), distant metastasesfree survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 40 patients received esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality), while 62 patients received definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). The median follow-up was 26.4 months. The SUVmax of primary tumor had no significant predictive value on all outcomes, while the SUVmax of metastatic lymph nodes had predictive value on several outcomes. High nodal SUVmax (≥7) predicted for worse outcomes than low nodal SUVmax (<7) in the patients who received dCRT (two-year DMFS, 17% vs. 92%, P < 0.001; NPFS, 14% vs. 81%, P = 0.001; OS, 21% vs. 50%, P = 0.003), but not in those received trimodality. On multivariate analysis of patients receiving dCRT, nodal SUVmax was the strongest independent predictor on DMFS (hazard ratio [HR] 13.93, P < 0.001), NPFS (HR 3.99, P = 0.026), PFS (HR 2.90, P = 0.003), and OS (HR 3.80, P = 0.001). High pretreatment nodal SUVmax predicts worse treatment outcomes for the patients treated with dCRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice Xa21 gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that confers broad-spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Recently, a number of genes involved in the Xa21-mediated disease resistance pathway have been identified. Based on our previous data and the literature, we chose 16 candidate proteins and made corresponding antibodies. Using Western blotting, we systematically investigated the expression profile of the proteins in Xa21-mediated disease resistance response. We found nine proteins with altered expression. We further compared their expression in resistance, susceptible and mock responses, and found that GST expression was up-regulated during the resistance process, indicating GST is a positive regulator in resistance responses. ATPsB expression was down-regulated during both the resistance and susceptible response processes, although it was higher in the resistance response than that in the susceptible response. The total amount of MYB, GAPDH, CatB, Trx and NB-ARC proteins was lower in the resistance than in the susceptible response, but their abundance per unit bacteria in the resistance response was still higher than in the susceptible response, suggesting that these proteins might be positive regulators in the resistance response. In addition, expression of another ERF was induced by inoculation with bacterial blight pathogen, and expression of Zf-LSD1 was activated by wounding stress alone. Interestingly, most proteins showed similar altered expression patterns in the resistance and susceptible responses, but differed to some extents, implying that both responses might share common molecular mechanisms. This study revealed evidence of resistance-related protein expression, providing a foundation for better understanding of their functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]