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Objective: The study aims to analyze the interconnectedness of farmers' socioeconomic factors and their awareness of the One Health framework. Method: This study conducted a survey with 1,166 observations across Thailand, Lao, and Vietnam and employed binary logit regression for data analysis. Odds ratios were used for interpreting the results. Results: The results indicated that certain socioeconomic factors—particularly household income, age, gender roles within the household, and household size—significantly influenced farmers' awareness and engagement with One Health literacy. Awareness levels varied across the three countries: for example, the composition of adults in Thai farming households was correlated with awareness of environmental health and infectious diseases. In Lao PDR, gender was significantly associated with awareness of animal health, while in Vietnam, it was linked to awareness of animal disease transmission. Conclusion: These determinants contribute to the application of a more integrated One Health approach among farmers in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate and other shocks threaten the livelihoods of rice farmers in Vietnam, forcing them to diversify their livelihoods. This study investigates the diversification strategies of rice farmers in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Based on 405 rice farming households in Tien Giang, Dong Thap, and Can Tho provinces, the results of the Hausman test showed that the four strategies, namely rice farming only, on-farm activities (rice farming and other farming activities), rice and non-farm activities, and on-farm and non-farm activities, were used in this study. A multinomial logit regression was used to measure the influence of rice farmers' livelihood capital on their adaptive strategies. The results show that human capital (gender, household size, dependency ratio), social capital (extension visits, cooperatives' membership), natural capital (farm size, land rent, access to water for farming), physical capital (distance to markets, distance to district capital), and financial capital (fixed asset, access to credit, and government support) are significant factors affecting households' diversification decisions. Intervention programs should encourage farmers, especially women, to participate in cooperative and extension visits to improve their skills, access to credit, and income opportunities. Impact statement: Vietnamese rice households in the Mekong Delta are forced to diversify their sources of income due to the threat posed by climate change. The diversification tactics used by rice households in Vietnam's Mekong Delta are examined in this study. The Hausman test results, based on 405 rice households in the provinces of Tien Giang, Dong Thap, and Can Tho, indicated that four strategies were employed in this study: rice farming only, on-farm activities (rice farming and other farming activities), rice and non-farm activities, and on-farm and non-farm activities. The impact of livelihood capital on the adaptive strategies of rice farmers was assessed using a multinomial logit model. The findings showed that all major forms of capital—financial, social, physical, and natural—play substantial roles in influencing households' decisions to diversify. In order to increase farmers' skills, credit availability, and income prospects, intervention programs should urge farmers—especially women farmers—to take part in cooperative and extension visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial discusses the challenges that climate change poses to agricultural production in Asia and the need for adaptation strategies. It emphasizes the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate dynamics and the detrimental effects of global warming on agricultural systems. The document also mentions two studies included in the issue that address climate change adaptation in agriculture in Asia. The first study focuses on heat stress in wheat and explores the plant's adaptations, while the second study examines the potential use of garlic husks as a source of phytonutrients. The document highlights the importance of customized approaches, stakeholder involvement, genetic progress, and resource efficiency in ensuring the sustainability of cropping systems in Asia and beyond. [Extracted from the article]

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While it is known that the threat of climatic stresses induces rural smallholders to diversify their livelihood strategies, a consensus has not been reached as to what type of stress induces which strategy, especially in the Mekong Delta Region (MDR) of Vietnam. Primary data were obtained from randomly selected 405 households producing rice (Oryza sativa L.) in three provinces in the MDR. Simpson’s diversity index was used to assess the level of diversification, multivariate probit regression was utilized to examine the factors affecting farmers’ adoption of livelihood strategies, and tobit regression was employed to examine the factors influencing the extent of farmers’ diversification. The index showed relatively low levels of livelihood diversification in the study area. The results of the multivariate probit regression analysis of four livelihood strategies indicated that farmers who were exposed to drought or flood were more likely to cultivate conventional rice varieties than newer cultivars, likely because the newer varieties accessible in the study areas were of the resource-using type that were high-yielding under favorable conditions but susceptible to environmental stresses. Furthermore, those prone to salinity intrusion tended to engage in off-farm income opportunities. In addition, the results of the tobit regression analysis exhibited significant effects of asset endowment, extension services, public transport availability, agricultural inputs, and cooperative membership on the extent of livelihood diversification. To enhance rural livelihoods in the MDR, intervention programs should ensure to provide the resource-saving type of improved varieties as well as promote off-farm employment in salt-affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the livelihood vulnerability of rice farming households in Can Tho, Dong Thap, and Tien Giang provinces in the Mekong delta region (MDR) of Vietnam using primary data collected from 405 rice farmers, and the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) approaches. The calculated LVI revealed that rice farming households were vulnerable in terms of the social network, livelihood strategies, natural disaster and climate variability, and food security. The LVI-IPCC revealed that Tien Giang province was the most vulnerable to climate change and variability, followed by Can Tho province. The findings suggest that intervention programmes strengthen communication networks among farmers and those local governments and other organisations to provide subsidies and training courses for farmers to cope with climatic events, as well as create more opportunities for them to diversify their income sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the usage of ionic liquids (ILs) and polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) in solid phase microextraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) chromatographic methods. It highlights that the application of ILs and PILs in sample preparation for chromatography separation of sample results in faster separation of sample. It also highlights the properties of ILs and PILs which includes viscosity and vapour pressure which enhances resolution of samples.