Search

Environmental pollution caused by organic pollutants has been attracted more and more attention by the researchers. In this paper, ZnIn2S4 modified TiO2 nanotube array (ZnIn2S4/TiO2) composite electrodes are prepared by loading chalcogenide semiconductor material ZnIn2S4 on the surface of TiO2 nanotube array (TiO2 NTA) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The physicochemical properties of ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composite electrodes are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy and so on. The photoelectrocatalytic degradation rate of ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composite electrode with the concentration of ZnIn2S4 as 0.5 mmol/L (ZISTO-2) reaches 93.3% under the bias voltage of 0.7 V and simulated sunlight irradiation for 180 min against MB, which is 22.44% higher than that of pure TiO2 NTA electrode, and the degradation rate of ZISTO-2 composite electrode toward MB is maintained at 78.2% after five cycles. The radical trapping experiments indicate that h+, ·O2− and ·OH has significant contribution in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation. This paper provides a new ideal way to solve the problem of water pollution under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note, we prove that for two compatible fuzzy metrics M H and M K on H and K, respectively, there exists a fuzzy metric M on H ⋃ K such that M | H = M H and M | K = M K under the conditions that t-norm ∗ is positive and fuzzy metrics M H , M K are strong, or t-norm ∗ is positive and t-norm ∗, fuzzy metrics M H , M K satisfy the Lipschitz conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Energy Research. It discusses the importance of multi-physics and multi-scale modeling and simulation methods for nuclear reactor applications. The editorial highlights the need for comprehensive analysis of various factors such as neutronics, fuel properties, thermal and hydraulic engineering, and chemical kinetics in order to achieve safe and cost-effective operation of nuclear reactors. The editorial also mentions several research papers that have explored the coupling of different physics and scales in nuclear reactor simulations, as well as advancements in modeling and simulation tools. The document concludes by emphasizing the potential benefits of incorporating modeling and simulation in the design, operation, and maintenance of nuclear reactors. [Extracted from the article]

Co3O4/In2O3 nanocomposites were prepared via a microwave-hydrothermal method and directly used as photoanodes for the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) process to reduce Cr-(VI). The as-prepared Co3O4/In2O3 composites show a rod-like structure, which is composed of nanoparticles. The PEC experiments indicated that after 120 min of irradiation with 0.7 V bias voltage and visible light, the Cr-(VI) reduction efficiency of Co3O4/In2O3 composites in aqueous solution was 100%, which was superior to the samples prepared by other methods. Moreover, the Co3O4/In2O3 composite still had a high catalytic activity after five runs of PEC experiments. Elimination experiments demonstrate that photo-generated electrons (e–) performed a key role in the catalytic reduction of Cr-(VI). The significantly improved PEC performance can be attributed to the bias voltage and the p-n heterojunction formed between Co3O4 and In2O3. Therefore, Co3O4/In2O3 nanocomposites have a considerable potential for the PEC reduction of Cr-(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The anaerobic-aerobic system is considered an efficient process for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen from animal manure wastewater. In this work, coupled simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification ( SMD) and shortcut nitrification-denitrification ( SND) was investigated to treat animal manure wastewater having high concentrations of nitrogen and organic matter. RESULTS The best COD and NO2−-N removal efficiency was achieved when the influent COD loading rate in the anaerobic reactor was 3 kg m-3 d−1 and the COD/ NO2−-N ratio was above 30. It was advantageous to the treatment of high-strength ammonia animal manure wastewater to adopt SND when the pH and free ammonia were about 8.0 and 18 mg L−1, respectively. The average efficiency of of removal COD, NH4+-N, and total nitrogen when adopting the coupling technology was 96.7%, 94.9% and 86.5%, respectively, and the nitrite accumulation rate reached 94.55%. CONCLUSION This study suggested that it was technically feasible to adopt SMD-SND coupling technology of to treat animal manure wastewater with high concentrations of nitrogen and organic matter. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a tokamak device to validate and demonstrate fusion engineering technology. In CFETR, the breeding blanket is a vital important component that is closely related to the performance and safety of the fusion reactor. Neutronics/thermal-hydraulics (N/TH) coupling effect is significant in the numerical analysis of the fission reactor. However, in the numerical analysis of the fusion reactor, the existing coupling code system mostly adopts the one-way coupling method. The ignorance of the two-way N/TH coupling effect would lead to inaccurate results. In this paper, the MCNP/FLUENT code system is developed based on the 3D-1D-2D hybrid coupling method. The one-way and two-way N/TH coupling calculations for two typical blanket concepts, the helium-cooled solid breeder (HCSB) blanket and the water-cooled ceramic breeder (WCCB) blanket, are carried out to study the two-way N/TH coupling effect in CFETR. The numerical results show that, compared with the results from the one-way N/TH coupling calculation, the tritium breeding ration (TBR) calculated with the two-way N/TH calculation decreases by −0.11% and increases by 4.45% for the HCSB and WCCB blankets, respectively. The maximum temperature increases by 1 °C and 29 °C for the HCSB and WCCB blankets, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stepwise control strategy for enhancing glutathione (GSH) synthesis in yeast based on oxidative stress and energy metabolism was investigated. First, molasses and corn steep liquor were selected and fed as carbon source mixture at a flow rate of 1.5 g/L/h and 0.4 g/L/h, respectively, for increasing cell density in a 10 L fermenter. When the biomass reached 90 g/L, the KMnO4 sustained-release particles, composed of 1.5% KMnO4, 3% stearic acid, 2% polyethylene glycol and 3% agar powder, were prepared and added to the fermentation broth for maintaining the oxidative stress. The results showed that the maximum GSH accumulation of the group fed KMnO4 sustained-release particles was 39.0% higher than that of KMnO4-fed group. In addition to the improved average GSH productivity and average specific production rate, the activities of GSH peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH reductase, enzymes taking part in GSH metabolism, were also significantly enhanced by KMnO4 sustained-release particles feeding. Finally, 6 g/L sodium citrate fed as an energy adjuvant elevated the intracellular ATP level for further enhancing GSH production. Through the above stepwise strategy, the GSH accumulation reached 5.76 g/L, which was 2.84-fold higher than that of the control group. The stepwise control strategy based on oxidative stress and energy metabolism significantly improved GSH accumulation in yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]