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The Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. Various natural and artificial fibres are added in concrete to enhance the crack resistance property by developing some bonding between fibre and concrete. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also the fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also it reduces environmental pollution. Actually in many rural area, people are not concerned about the pollution and hygiene. The unused portion of sugarcane fibre, banana fibre, jute fibre are thrown into pond/ lake. After few days they decompose and rotten, that causes pollution in waterbody and disturb the ecosystem. The fibres can be used as additive in concrete to enhance their overall performance as well as to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a state-of-art review has been investigated on FRC and its different benefits. Different fibres such as jute fibre, coconut fibre, polypropylene, basalt, areca leaf, glass, mask, plastic, carbon and steel fibre were incorporated in concrete by several researchers in the past decades that have been highlighted in detail in this paper. The performance has been evaluated in terms of load displacement hysteretic pattern, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, crack resistance, durability and workability of FRC. The virtue and limitations of FRC have also been discussed. From the existing literature, it is found that the performance of FRC under dynamic load, Damage assessment, Time dependent assessment of damage, Effect of fibre in high-performance concrete (HPFRC) and Life cycle assessment are found as major literature gap that needs to be fulfilled. A case study on damage assessment of FRC has also been conducted in this paper. From the result it is found that the Carbon fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC), Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and Areca leaf sheath fibre reinforced concrete (ALSFRC) are experiencing lesser damage in compared to normal concrete without fibre. Based on the existing literature the future scope and probable direction of research of FRC have also been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. Various natural and artificial fibres are added in concrete to enhance the crack resistance property by developing some bonding between fibre and concrete. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also the fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also it reduces environmental pollution. Actually in many rural area, people are not concerned about the pollution and hygiene. The unused portion of sugarcane fibre, banana fibre, jute fibre are thrown into pond/ lake. After few days they decompose and rotten, that causes pollution in waterbody and disturb the ecosystem. The fibres can be used as additive in concrete to enhance their overall performance as well as to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a state-of-art review has been investigated on FRC and its different benefits. Different fibres such as jute fibre, coconut fibre, polypropylene, basalt, areca leaf, glass, mask, plastic, carbon and steel fibre were incorporated in concrete by several researchers in the past decades that have been highlighted in detail in this paper. The performance has been evaluated in terms of load displacement hysteretic pattern, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, crack resistance, durability and workability of FRC. The virtue and limitations of FRC have also been discussed. From the existing literature, it is found that the performance of FRC under dynamic load, Damage assessment, Time dependent assessment of damage, Effect of fibre in high-performance concrete (HPFRC) and Life cycle assessment are found as major literature gap that needs to be fulfilled. A case study on damage assessment of FRC has also been conducted in this paper. From the result it is found that the Carbon fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC), Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and Areca leaf sheath fibre reinforced concrete (ALSFRC) are experiencing lesser damage in compared to normal concrete without fibre. Based on the existing literature the future scope and probable direction of research of FRC have also been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two approaches to enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of surface-anchored metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs). In the first approach we fabricate SURMOFs from a mix of an emissive linker with an optically-inert linker of equivalent length, diluting the emissive linker while maintaining the SURMOF structure. This approach enhances the internal PLQY. However, the increase in internal PLQY is achieved at the expense of a drastic reduction in optical absorption, thus the external PLQY remains low. To overcome this limitation, a second approach is explored wherein energy-accepting guest chromophores are infiltrated into the framework of the active linker. At the correct acceptor concentration, an internal PLQY of 52% – three times higher than the previous approach – is achieved. Additionally, the absorption remains strong leading to an external PLQY of 8%, an order of magnitude better than the previous approach. Using this strategy, we demonstrate that SURMOFs can achieve PLQYs similar to their precursor chromophores in solution. This is of relevance to SURMOFs as emitter layers in general, and we examine the optimized emitter layer as part of a photon upconversion (UC) SURMOF heterostructure. Surprisingly, the same PLQY is not observed after triplet–triplet annihilation in the UC heterostructure as after its normal photoexcitation (although the UC layers exhibit low thresholds consistent with those reported in our previous work). We discuss the potential bottlenecks in energy transport that could lead to this unexpected reduction in PLQY after excitation via triplet–triplet annihilation, and how future design of SURMOF UC multilayers could overcome these limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High altitude raceways reared Schizothorax richardsonii stocks were monitored periodically for white spot infection at experimental coldwater fish farm, Chhirapani, Champawat, Uttarakhand. Total 1268 numbers of fishes with mean length (cm) ranging from 15.53 ± 0.20 to 16.86 ± 0.08, and mean weight (g) 24.70 ± 0.05 to 26.73 ± 0.06 were examined from January - December 2009. Presence of pinhead sized white spots (0.4 to 0.8 mm) was observed on dorsal body surface and caudal fins of sampled fishes during month of April. The causative agent was identified to be a ciliate parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. A temperature dependant infection pattern was noted with maximum prevalence (%) of 84.80 ± 1.83 in July followed by a decline in December (21.99 ± 2.13). Prevalence varied significantly (p< 0.05) between the months as water temperatures dropped with onset of winter. Trophont counts following dip treatment for five consecutive days under laboratory conditions with 2% common salt, 250 ppm formalin and a combination of the two, of samples of the snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii, infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, indicated that treatment with combination of salt and formalin was significantly (p< 0.05) effective than either salt or formalin alone in controlling the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nylon 66 has been transformed into a material with significantly improved properties like hardness, tensile strength, and flexural modulus by processing it under the optimized dose rate of electron beam in the presence of suitable crosslinkers. Furthermore, percent water absorption of nylon 66 was reduced substantially on irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal stability of nylon 66 improved with increasing dose of radiation. Improvement of mechanical and thermal properties and reduction of water absorption of nylon 66 were due to the crosslinking of polyamide molecules made possible by the high energy radiation. Increase of crosslinking with increasing radiation dose was verified by the increase of gel content at higher doses. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that both melting and crystallization temperatures along with percent crystallinity of nylon 66 were decreased with the increasing dose of radiation leading to the development of more amorphous character in this semicrystalline polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of thermal radiation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear shrinking porous sheet. The surface velocity of the shrinking sheet and the transverse magnetic field are assumed to vary as a power function of the distance from the origin. The temperature dependent viscosity and the thermal conductivity are also assumed to vary as an inverse function and a linear function of the temperature, respectively. A generalized similarity transformation is used to reduce the governing partial differential equations to their nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations, and is solved numerically by using a finite difference scheme. The numerical results concern with the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient and the rate of the heat transfer at the porous sheet for different values of several physical parameters of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case of a 49-year-old female weighing 96 kilograms and was a renal recipient patient with the chronic graft rejection and imminent sepsis. The patient was posted for hemodialysis. The nephrologists attempted two blind anatomical landmark in the right and left internal jugular veins but they failed because of difficult anatomy and restlessness of the patient.

High-temperature ceramic superconductors such as RE1Ba2Cu3O∼7 are usually prepared by reacting the constituent metal oxides (RE=rare-earth metal). We have prepared RE1Ba2Cu3O∼7 by an alternate method, first combining three metals into an alloy by rapid solidification processing, followed by oxidation to form the cuprate. Only Eu (or Yb) yields single phase RE-Ba-Cu liquids as required for melt processing, because their valency changes from two in the metal (assuring complete miscibility with Ba) to three in the oxide. The superconducting properties of the oxidized alloys are similar to those of EuBa2Cu3Ox prepared by the standard ceramic reaction route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]