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Morus alba L. (mulberry) is one of the most important medicine and food crops in China and other developing countries in Asia due to its large biomass (twigs) and useful by-products. Additionally, its twigs are an excellent green resource for bioactive compounds that are resistant to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and that can whiten skin and scavenge free radicals, and are of potential interest to the cosmetics and health food industries. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Morus alba L. twig hydroethanol extract and isolated compounds to protect DNA against UV damage. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that a hydroethanol extract and six different polyphenol monomers (oxyresveratrol, resveratrol, mulberroside A, rutin, quercetin, and morin) present in the extract protected pUC19 plasmid DNA from UV damage. The optimal concentrations of polyphenols and Morus alba L. twig extract for DNA protection were 0.500 mg/mL and 1.00 mg/mL, respectively. These compounds may have potential as skin-care products to prevent UV-induced damage to the skin. Additionally, activity contribution degree assessment revealed other Morus alba L. substances possessing significant DNA protection activity that are worthy of further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared and analyzed the surface impedance defined by the basic definition of surface wave and by the reflection coefficient of thin radar absorbing material (RAM) layers backed with a perfect electric conductor (PEC) plate, the relationships between its surface wave attenuation property and its reflection characteristics can be founded. Equivalent surface impedance for a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) plate coated by a thin layer of RAM can be easily obtained based on the reflection coefficient for an infinite plate coated with same thin RAM layers, which can be regarded as a function for computing the attenuation of surface wave in this RAM layers. In this paper, two kinds of reality RAM for single layer coating and two layers coating will be considered for verifying this approach respectively. For two layers coating, the mono-static radar cross section (RCS) reduction properties of a slab coated with this RAM are discussed for evaluating the attenuation of surface wave because the equivalent medium theory is not appropriated under this condition. The proposed approach is effective and advantageous especially for thin multi-layers RAM coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]