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We studied the impact of dopants Al, Ga and In atoms on the dacarbazine (DAC) drug delivery performance of a BC3 nanosheet (BCNS) using the density functionals τ-HCTHhyb, M06-2X and B3LYP. It was found that the pristine BCNS is not a good choice for this drug delivery. Doping of the Al, Ga and In atoms into the BCNS surface raised the energy of adsorption of DAC from −6.7 to −26.4, −27.8 and −32.1 kcal / mol, respectively. According to the analysis of the partial density of states, the dopant atoms considerably contributed to the generation of virtual orbitals of doped BCNS. This showed that the dopants are more suitable for nucleophilic attack than the B atoms. Finally, the adsorption performance and capacity of the DAC are increased by dopants, making the nanosheet more favourable for drug delivery. A drug release mechanism was introduced in cancerous tissues, showing substantial protonation of the DAC in cancerous cells with low pH, leading to the separation of DAC from the sheet surface. The reaction mechanism of DAC with the BCNS changed from covalent bonding in the natural environment to H-bonding in the acidic environment of the cancer tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present investigation is devoted to providing two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) models for estimating the amount of thermoelastic damping (TED) in circular cross-sectional micro/nanorings by capturing the effects of size on thermal domain via dual-phase-lag (DPL) heat conduction model. Methods: To achieve the goal of the article, first of all, the equation of heat conduction derived in the framework of DPL model is solved. In this way, for 2D and 3D models of heat propagation, the temperature field in the ring is obtained in the form of infinite series. Next, by exploiting the relation of quality factor in entropy generation (EG) approach, a formulation including the two phase lag parameters of DPL model is extracted to anticipate TED value in small-sized rings with circular cross section. Results: By comparing the results of this investigation with those of studies in the literature that are based on simpler heat conduction models, a validation study is accomplished. An intensive numerical study is also performed to discern the influence of some of the most significant factors such as phase lag parameters of DPL model, vibration mode, the dimensions and ring material on TED. Conclusion: The findings reveal the noticeable effect of phase lag parameters of DPL model on the magnitude of TED in miniaturized circular cross-sectional rings, especially in smaller dimensions and higher vibration modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a type of fatty fat that causes an increase in alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol consumption causes inflammation, and liver damage. The certain fatty acids (FAs) may be involved in this liver damage. Anti-inflammatory and blood lipid lowering effects are the effects of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome because obesity and insulin resistance are the main pathogenic factors of both diseases. NAFLD is a disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Most patients with NAFLD are obese, although the disease can also affect non-obese people. Metabolic and genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of this disease. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and inflammation play a key role in the development of NAFLD. There is a lot of evidence for the therapeutic potential of omega-3 PUFAs fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic acid and eicosatetraenoic acid in the treatment of metabolic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this review article, we examined the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 on alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode materials with appropriate mechanical, electronic and structural attributes are prerequisites for next generation renewable energy technology. An essential stage in development of batteries to achieve superior performance is selecting an appropriate anode material. In this research, application of B3S monolayer for anode materials has been investigated employing first-principles-based DFT. For B3S monolayer, as an anode material, it is anticipated to have high performance with a low sodium diffusion barrier (Ea < 0.45 eV), low open-circuit voltage (OCV∼0.12 V), and high storage capacity (1855 mA h g−1). In addition, metallicity of B3S monolayer has been maintained at the end of Na adsorption, which reveals a favorable battery operating cycle and electrical conductivity. Our findings elucidate that these outstanding attributes cause B3S monolayer to be an attractive option for anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the short distance between the sources of production and consumption, microgrids (MGs) have received considerable attention because these systems involve fewer losses and waste less energy. And another advantage of MGs is that renewable energy sources can be widely used because these resources are not fully available and can provide a part of the required power. The purpose of this research is to model the MG considering the production sources of microturbines, gas turbines and internal combustion engines. Renewable energies such as wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells have been used to provide part of the required power and, because of the lack of access to renewable energy sources at all times, energy reserves such as batteries and fuel cells (FCs) have been considered. The power of the microturbine, gas turbine, internal combustion engine, FC and battery in this system is 162, 150, 90, 100 and 225 kW, respectively. After modelling the studied system, optimization was done using the imperialist competitive algorithm to minimize production costs and provide maximum thermal and electrical loads. The maximum production power for PVs is equal to 0.6860 MWh and at this time this value for WTs is equal to 0.3812 MWh, in which case the excess electricity produced will be sold to the grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy including radiotherapy and anti‐cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor, cancer cells can develop a wide range of mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of anti‐cancer agents. Cancer cells may provide some mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and escape from apoptosis and attack by the immune system. Furthermore, cancer cells may resist senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death by modulating several critical genes. The development of these mechanisms leads to resistance to anti‐cancer drugs and also radiotherapy. Resistance to therapy can increase mortality and reduce survival following cancer therapy. Thus, overcoming mechanisms of resistance to cell death in malignant cells can facilitate tumor elimination and increase the efficiency of anti‐cancer therapy. Natural‐derived molecules are intriguing agents that may be suggested to be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to therapy with at least side effects. This paper aims to review the potential of triptolide for inducing various types of cell death in cancer cells. We review the induction or resistance to different cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagic cell death, senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis following the administration of triptolide. We also review the safety and future perspectives for triptolide and its derivatives in experimental and human studies. The anticancer potential of triptolide and its derivatives may make them effective adjuvants for enhancing tumor suppression in combination with anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystal materials are a suitable environment for the synthesis of nanostructures of uniform size and shape due to their order and yet mobility at the molecular level. Dense liquid crystal phases allow nanoparticles to self-assemble, resulting in larger organized nanostructures. Although both types of lyotropic liquid crystal and thermotropic liquid crystal have been used for the synthesis and self-assembly of nanoparticles, the use of lyotropic liquid crystal types is more in the synthesis of nanoparticles, while the use of thermotropic liquid crystal phases is mainly related to the self-assembly of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs), defined as low-melting organic salts, are a novel class of compounds with unique properties and a combinatorially great chemical diversity. ILs are utilized as synthesis and dispersion media for nanoparticles as well as for surface functionalization. ILs are able to offer outstanding properties as media for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The low surface tension of many ILs leads to high nucleation rates and, in consequence, to small particles. The ILs themselves can act as an electronic as well as a steric stabilizer and depress particle growth. As highly structured liquids, ILs have a strong effect on the morphology of the particles formed. In this paper, the methods of modifying surfaces with ILs through covalent bonding, physical absorption, polymerization or sol–gel methods, metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids, and ionic liquids in catalysis, as well as the application of these modified surfaces in various fields of chemistry, have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, based on the energy balance for different components of a double-layered vacuum-tube solar collector with a U-tube, the thermal performance of the collector unit is investigated separately using an analytical and quasi-dynamic method. The model used in this study determines the temperature distribution in longitudinal and radial directions. In this research, the effects of physical parameters and heat transfer including the size of the collector, thermal-loss coefficient, absorption coefficient, mass flow and thermal resistance of the air layer under different climate conditions have been evaluated on the performance of the vacuum-tube collector. The results showed that by increasing the diameter of the tube with constant length, the annual thermal efficiency of the collector increased. Also, in a fixed-diameter tube, with increasing tube length, the annual efficiency increases, but this increase is meagre for lengths of >1.5 m. The optimal mass flow rate for maximum efficiency has been obtained for cities with different climates. According to the results, the optimal flow for different climates has different values that can be optimized as a relationship between the average solar radiation annually as a symbol of temperature and flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of Ti3SiC2-Al2O3 composite by mechanical alloying and thermal treatment of TiO2, Si, Al, and graphite powders was investigated. The ball milling process was carried out for up to 40 h. To evaluate the formation mechanism of Ti3SiC2-Al2O3, both as-mixed and 40 h milled powder samples were annealed for 1 h at 1400 °C and 40 h milled sample was thermally treated by differential thermal analysis. Al3Ti and Al2O3 were only formed after 40 h of milling. The Ti3SiC2 MAX phase was formed after annealing 40 h milled powder at 1400 °C for 1 h. The results illustrated that the mechanism of Ti3SiC2 formation consisted of Al3Ti/Al2O3, TiC, and TiSi2 formation, the reaction among TiC and TiSi2 as well as Ti3SiC2 formation. The annealed 40 h milled powder was sintered by a spark plasma sintering process. The sintered sample was dense without any phase change and the nanoindentation result indicated a hardness of 9.52GPa with an elastic modulus of 316 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy need is predicted to increase by 47% in the next 30 years. Global warming resulting from the continuously increasing atmospheric Carbon dioxide concentration is becoming a serious and pressing issue that needs to be controlled. Carbon dioxide capture and storage/use (CCS/CCU) provide a promising route to mitigate the environmental consequences of Carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuel combustion. In recent years, hollow fiber membrane contactors are regarded as an advanced technique with several competitive advantages over conventional technologies such as easy scale-up, independent control of flow rates, more operational flexibility, absence of flooding and foaming as well as high interfacial area per unit volume. However, many factors such as the membrane material selection, proper choice of solvent, and membrane module design are critical to success. In this regard, this paper aims at covering all areas related to hollow fiber membranes, including membrane material, membrane modification, membrane surface modification, shape, solvent characterization, operating parameters and costs, hybrid process, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the absorption materials in the membranes, Advantages and Disadvantages of Membrane Contact Technology, membrane lifetime, and energy consumption as well as commercially available systems. Current progress, future potential, and development of pilot-scale applications and thermal fluid of this strategy are also assessed carefully. Furthermore, pore wetting as the main technical challenge in membrane contactor industrial implementation for post- and pre-combustion Carbon dioxide capture processes is investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using combined cooling, heat and power systems can be an appropriate substitute for preventing emissions of pollutants and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Utilizing renewable energy in these systems as a source of power generation can be an appropriate substitute for fossil-fuel-based systems. Therefore, in this paper, cogeneration cooling, heat and power systems based on gas-fired internal combustion engines with a solar-thermal system with evacuated tube collectors have been modelled and thermo-economic analysis has been done to compare fossil-fuel-based systems. The required rate of heat to supply the hot water is 50 kW. In the studied system, the internal combustion engine produces electrical energy. Then, the solar-thermal system with evacuated tube collectors and the gas-burning generator provide the thermal energy required by the studied building and the primary stimulus of the absorption chiller for cooling. In this study, two different scenarios are conducted in states considering simultaneous production systems and regardless of this environmental and thermo-economic analysis system. The results showed that the efficiency of the studied system was 60% in summer and 56% in winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphene-based materials are promising for applications in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices due to the intriguing properties, i.e., highly tunable surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and excellent mechanical behavior. This review summarizes recent development on graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes, based on their macrostructural complexity, i.e., zero-dimensional (0D) (e.g., free-standing graphene dots and particles), one-dimensional (1D) (e.g., fiber-type and yarn-type structures), two-dimensional (2D) (e.g., graphenes and graphene-based nanocomposite films), and three-dimensional (3D) (e.g., graphene foam and hydrogel-based nanocomposites). There are extensive and on-going researches on the rationalization of their structures at varying scales and dimensions, development of effective and low-cost synthesis techniques, design and architecturing of graphene-based materials, as well as clarification of their electrochemical performance. There are several methods for producing graphene, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Graphene-based materials have great potential to be employed in supercapacitors due to their unique two-dimensional structure and inherent physical properties like excellent electrical conductivity and large area. This text summarizes recent developments within the sector of supercapacitors, including double-layer capacitors and quasi-capacitors. The pros and cons of using them in supercapacitors are discussed. Compared to traditional electrodes, graphene-based materials show some new properties and mechanisms within the method of energy storage and release. During this paper, we briefly describe carbon structures, particularly graphene, and also the history of graphene discovery, and briefly describe the synthesis methods, properties, characterization methods, and applications of graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Fe3O4/Mo-MOF (metal–organic framework) magnetic nano polymer was synthesized in one step and Ultrasound assisted. Fe3O4/Mo-MOF magnetic nano polymer was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX mapping BET, VSM, and FT-IR. The results of the structure confirmation revealed that the ultrasonic method had created unique properties in the Fe3O4/Mo-MOF magnetic nano polymer, and its biological and catalytic applications were investigated. A new pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines derivative was synthesized using the catalytic activity of Fe3O4/Mo-MOF magnetic nano polymer in a three-component reaction involving malononitrile, aldehyde derivatives, and barbituric acid derivatives with Fe3O4/Mo-MOF magnetic nano polymer as a magnetic catalyst. In the antimicrobial activity of Fe3O4/Mo-MOF magnetic nano polymer: Antimicrobial properties on gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal strains based on MIC, MBC, and MFC value. The results of catalytic and biological studies proved that nanoparticles have unique properties attributed to their structure and synthesis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the use of alternative fuels that have plant origin has attracted the attention of most countries because these fuels emit less pollution. In this research, bioethanol production has been evaluated considering solar energy sources. In the present study, the possibility of developing net-zero energy concepts in a bioethanol production plant as one of the most consumed energy industries in the field of bio-systems of the country from a technical and economic perspective was investigated. The purpose of this research is to model the bioethanol production plant with the aim of achieving zero net energy using a photovoltaic system. In addition, technical and economic analyses have been used in different approaches for a more detailed investigation. According to the modeling done, in the zero net energy approach, the results showed that the maximum production of electrical energy by the photovoltaic cell is 76.6 GWh/y. For this approach, the return on investment is 10.7 years. The area required to install photovoltaic modules in this approach is very large and equal to 88 334 m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter we analysed the efficient exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light in a double V-type semiconductor quantum well via electron spin coherence. We found that due to the four-wave mixing (FWM) mechanism the OAM state of the vortex light can transfer from applied lights to a new generated signal beam when the efficiency of the FWM processes is enough high. We also shown that the absorption spectrum of the new generated light depends on the OAM number and azimuthal angle of the optical vortex light. We realized that for some specific parametric conditions the absorption spectrum of the generated light becomes negative which corresponds to the lasing without inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New nanocomposites containing zirconium were synthesized using microwave irradiation. Their structure was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. After the structure confirmation of the zirconium magnetic nanocomposite, the catalytic properties in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives were investigated. Next, the biological activities of the zirconium magnetic nanocomposite, such as the antibacterial and antifungal activities, were investigated. The research results showed that the zirconium magnetic nanocomposite has high catalytic properties and can be used as a magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazole derivatives in addition to having high biological properties. The unique properties of the nanoparticles can be attributed to their synthesis method and microwave radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of solar energy is highly welcomed due to its availability everywhere. Among the types of solar energy technologies, the use of this type of energy to produce heat from different aspects is much more common, so in this research we have tried to examine different aspects of producing thermal energy from solar energy to supply the heat required by the pool. For this purpose, numerical modelling of the solar pool has been done by considering the heat-transfer characteristics and validation has been done to ensure the obtained results. In this paper, according to the physical realities facing solar systems in two scenarios, an analysis with shadow and without shadow has been done. One of the important results is that as the surface of the pool increases, the amount of heat absorption by the pool fluid will increase, but the effect of the shadow will decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about limited energy resources and environmental problems are growing. One of the solutions to increase energy efficiency is to produce it sparsely. In this regard, cogeneration systems are of particular importance. The home sector is one of the most consumed sectors due to the potential of solar radiation in this country, a system of simultaneous generation of electricity and heat for the home sector has been proposed, and modeling operations have been performed on the proposed system. The results show that the proposed system is capable of supplying more than 85% of hot water demand and annual production of 316.36 kWh of electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]