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Reversible covalent electrophiles with the advantages of both reversible and covalent interactions receive much attention in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Here, we report two electron-deficient olefins activated by amide and ester, amide-substituted acrylamide and methyl ester-substituted acrylamide, targeting thiols in a reversible covalent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periprosthetic infection and prosthetic loosing stand out as prevalent yet formidable complications following orthopedic implant surgeries. Synchronously addressing the two complications is long‐time challenging. Herein, a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) functionalized with MgCuFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐derived sulfide nanosheets (BGS/MCFS) is developed for vascularized osteogenesis and periprosthetic infection prevention/treatment. Apart from the antibacterial cations inhibiting bacterial energy and material metabolism, the exceptional near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal performance empowers BGS/MCFS to eliminate periprosthetic infections, outperforming previously reported functionalized BGS. The rough surface topography and the presence of multi‐bioactive metal ions bestow BGS/MCFS with exceptional osteogenic and angiogenic properties, with 8.5‐fold and 2.3‐fold enhancement in bone mass and neovascularization compared with BGS. Transcriptome sequencing highlights the involvement of the TGF‐β signaling pathway in these processes, while single‐cell sequencing reveals a significant increase in osteoblasts and endothelial cells around BGS/MCFS compared to BGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality assessment is an important method for understanding the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of water quality. Therefore, the present study has been performed to evaluate the water quality for a typical plain river network area in Changzhou City, Jiangsu, China, where the river system is characterized by reciprocal flow and diverse pollution sources. The water quality samples from 2017 to 2021 were comprehensively assessed using comprehensive methods that combine the single-factor pollution index (SFPI) method with multivariate statistical analysis. Initially, statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate water quality exceedances and correlations and the SFPI method was applied to classify water quality categories. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were employed to reduce the dimensionality of water quality indicators and group monitoring sections with similar characteristics. The results indicate that the overall water quality in Changzhou City is lightly polluted with a trend of improvement. The primary pollutants identified are total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). This study highlights that organic pollution, self-purification capacity, and eutrophication of river water bodies are the most significant factors affecting water quality. The sampling sites were classified into three groups (good, moderate, and poor). The water quality assessment results of this study provide a theoretical reference for water environment management and ecological protection in plain river network areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins are widely used in modern society due to their acid and alkali resistance, low cost, and strong insulation properties. However, the high chlorine (Cl) content in PVC poses significant challenges for its recycling. This study reviews the treatment processes, model construction, and economic and environmental assessments to construct a methodological framework for the sustainable development of emerging dechlorination technologies. In terms of treatment processes, this study summarizes three types of processes, pretreatment, simultaneous dechlorination during chemical recycling, product purification, and emphasizes the necessity of dechlorination treatment from a systematic perspective. Additionally, the construction of models for dechlorination processes is investigated from the laboratory to the industrial production system to macro-scale material, in order to evaluate the potential inventory data and material metabolism behaviors. This review also summarized the methodology framework of Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which can be applied for evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of the dechlorination processes. Overall, this review provides readers with a comprehensive perspective on the state-of-the-art for PVC dechlorination technologies, meanwhile offering sustainable guidance for future research and industrial applications of chemical recycling of PVC waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in treating osteosarcoma, postoperative tumor recurrence, periprosthetic infection, and critical bone defects remain critical concerns. Herein, the growth of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) onto MgFe‐LDH nanosheets (LDH) is reported to develop a multifunctional nanocomposite (LDH/Se) and further modification of the nanocomposite on a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) to obtain a versatile platform (BGS@LDH/Se) for comprehensive postoperative osteosarcoma management. The uniform dispersion of negatively charged SeNPs on the LDH surface restrains toxicity‐inducing aggregation and inactivation, thus enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation and superoxide anion radical (·O2−)‐H2O2 conversion. Meanwhile, Fe3+ within the LDH nanosheets can be reduced to Fe2+ by depleting glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironments (TME), which can catalyze H2O2 into highly toxic reactive oxygen species. More importantly, incorporating SeNPs significantly promotes the anti‐bacterial and osteogenic properties of BGS@LDH/Se. Thus, the developed BGS@LDH/Se platform can simultaneously inhibit tumor recurrence and periprosthetic infection as well as promote bone regeneration, thus holding great potential for postoperative "one‐stop‐shop" management of patients who need osteosarcoma resection and scaffold implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Radiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which has a major impact on the treatment prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. The tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3), the primary bioactive ingredient in ginseng extracts, has therapeutic effects against RP in rats. Here, we validated its efficacy and elucidated its mechanism of action. Methods: A rat RP model was established in 48 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into control (untreated), irradiation, irradiation + dexamethasone, and irradiation + GRg3 (low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose) groups. After 2 weeks' treatment, serum IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF‐α levels were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In rectal tissue, Ikbkb, Ikka, and Casp8 mRNA expression was detected by a reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IKK‐β, IκB‐α, p‐IκB‐α, p50, and caspase‐8 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Results: GRg3 significantly improved the general condition and histopathological damage in rats with RP. Moreover, GRg3 decreased the levels of factors that promote inflammation (TNF‐α) and increased the levels of factors that reduce inflammation (IL‐4 and IL‐10). GRg3 markedly reduced the activation of NF‐κB and caspase‐8 signaling pathways. Conclusions: Thus, GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory response by blocking the NF‐κB signaling pathway and improving the balance of inflammation‐related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF‐α/caspase‐8 signaling cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Our results verify that GRg3 is a promising therapeutic agent for RP treatment and shed light on its mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the correlation between state-owned capital and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, with a nuanced exploration of the moderating influence of political connections. Drawing on data from publicly listed Chinese companies in a political-oriented developing nation over the span of 2013–2022, panel regression analyses unveil a noteworthy positive association between state-owned capital and ESG performance. Companies endowed with investments from state-owned capital demonstrate their commitment to sustainable practices, leveraging the resources provided by the government to enhance their ESG performance. Intriguingly, the affirmative impact is more pronounced for high market maturity provinces and heavy polluting industries compared to low market maturity provinces and non-heavy polluting industries. Moreover, political connections exhibit a positive moderating effect between the state-owned capital and ESG performance, with a particularly discernible impact on firms in high market maturity provinces and heavy polluting industries. The robustness of these findings persists through sensitivity analyses employing alternative metrics and estimation methodologies. These outcomes carry implications for investors, management, analysts, and policymakers, offering invaluable insights for companies and markets keen on fortifying their ESG policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxin is an important class of plant hormones that play an important role in plant growth development, biotic stress response, and viruses often suppress host plant auxin levels to promote infection. However, previous research on auxin-mediated disease resistance has focused mainly on signaling pathway, and the molecular mechanisms of how pathogenic proteins manipulate the biosynthetic pathway of auxin remain poorly understood. TCP is a class of plant-specific transcription factors, of which TCP17 is a member that binds to the promoter of YUCCAs, a key rate-limiting enzyme for auxin synthesis, and promotes the expression of YUCCAs, which is involved in auxin synthesis in plants. In this study, we reported that Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection suppressed the expression of YUCCAs through its interaction with TCP17. Further studies revealed that the NSs protein encoded by TSWV disrupts the dimerization of TCP17, thereby inhibit its transcriptional activation ability and reducing the auxin content in plants. Consequently, this interference inhibits the auxin response signal and promotes the TSWV infection. Transgenic plants overexpressing TCP17 exhibit resistance against TSWV infection, whereas plants knocking out TCP17 were more susceptible to TSWV infection. Additionally, proteins encoded by other RNA viruses (BSMV, RSV and TBSV) can also interact with TCP17 and interfere with its dimerization. Notably, overexpression of TCP17 enhanced resistance against BSMV. This suggests that TCP17 plays a crucial role in plant defense against different types of plant viruses that use viral proteins to target this key component of auxin synthesis and promote infection. Author summary: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) poses a significant threat to global agricultural production and is transmitted by thrips. This study discovered that TSWV can disrupt key factors in the plant auxin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the synthesis and signal transduction of auxin, and promoting viral invasion. Auxin is not only a crucial hormone for plant growth and development but also plays a vital role in the plant resistance pathways. TSWV infection leads to a decrease in auxin levels, affecting the plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the study found that other viruses, such as Barley stripe mosaic virus, can also use the same strategy to enhance their own infection, indicating that the inhibition of plant auxin synthesis and signal transduction pathways is a conserved process across different viral infections. This discovery provides new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of plant viruses and the study of virus-host interaction and offers new ideas for the development of novel plant virus control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myopia is a major health issue around the world. Myopia in children has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, but reports are scarce on the prevalence of myopia following the pandemic. This study collected vision screening data of school children in China for five consecutive years to observe the changes in myopia after the pandemic and compare the observed prevalence of myopia before and after the pandemic. Methods: A school-based vision screening study used stratified samplings to collect the vision screening data in school children aged 6–13 from 45 primary schools in Hangzhou. Vision screening data including uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and spherical equivalent refraction(SER). Calculating the mean of SER and the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia from 2019 to 2023. Results: A total of 79,068 screening results (158,136 eyes) were included in the analysis. A substantial myopic shift (approximately -0.30 diopters [D] on average) was found in 2020 and 2021 compared with 2019 in all age groups and a substantial myopic shift (approximately 0.4 D on average) was found in 2022 compared with 2021. A slight myopic shift (approximately -0.14 D on average) was found in 2023 compared with 2022. The prevalence of myopia in all age groups was the highest for five years in 2020 or 2021, which was 31.3% for 6-year-olds, 43.0% for 7-year-olds, and 53.7% for 8-year-olds. A positive change in the prevalence rate of myopia was found at 6 years old (0.59%, 0.12%, 0.36%, 0.25%, p < 0.001). The change in prevalence rate in myopia was shifted slightly in children aged 10–13 years. Children aged 8 to 13 years had a slight increase in myopia prevalence from 2022 to 2023. The prevalence of hyperopia was low and stable in all grade groups, ranging from 0.7% to 2.2% over five years. Conclusion: Myopia in children has increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, the prevalence of myopia in children gradually decreased temporarily and then rebounded. Myopic shift was more apparent in younger children. Myopic shift in children may be related to the reduction of outdoor time, less light, and near work habits, and further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the gender–state dynamics in the Chinese context through a bottom-up approach by adopting an online survey method. We find four indicators, which are male priority, child suffering, gender ideology, marriage and fertility, could reflect one common factor—gender egalitarianism, and we utilize this scale to measure gender role attitudes among China's youth, as well as explore their psycho-political antecedents including system justification theory, national identification, and life satisfaction. The survey findings suggest a close interconnection between the construction of family and nation. The study's outcomes offer valuable insights into the ongoing progress and challenges relating to gender equality as perceived by young people in China. Furthermore, these findings establish a refined measurement instrument for future empirical studies in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited data exists on the link between dietary iron intake and mortality in diabetes. Our investigation aimed to explore how dietary iron intake correlates with overall and cause-specific mortality in diabetic individuals. Methods: This analysis encompassed 5970 participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 1999 to 2014. Baseline data were collected through surveys and examinations, with mortality status tracked via National Death Index records until December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality from various causes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Results: The average iron intake among the cohort was 14.1 ± 7.4 mg daily, with an average participant age of 61.3 and 3059 (51.3%) male adults. Over 41,425 person-years of follow-up, 1497 deaths were recorded. Following adjustments for multiple variables, an iron intake between 11.1 and 14.4 mg was associated with the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.83 [0.70, 0.99], P < 0.05) compared to the reference group (<8.3 mg). Analysis of dose-response curves revealed an L-shaped pattern in men and a J-shaped pattern in women concerning the relationship between iron intake and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a nonlinear association between dietary iron intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes. Specifically, higher iron intake may increase all-cause mortality risk in men, while potentially exert a protective effect in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myopia is a major health issue around the world. Myopia in children has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, but reports are scarce on the prevalence of myopia following the pandemic. This study collected vision screening data of school children in China for five consecutive years to observe the changes in myopia after the pandemic and compare the observed prevalence of myopia before and after the pandemic. Methods: A school-based vision screening study used stratified samplings to collect the vision screening data in school children aged 6–13 from 45 primary schools in Hangzhou. Vision screening data including uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and spherical equivalent refraction(SER). Calculating the mean of SER and the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia from 2019 to 2023. Results: A total of 79,068 screening results (158,136 eyes) were included in the analysis. A substantial myopic shift (approximately -0.30 diopters [D] on average) was found in 2020 and 2021 compared with 2019 in all age groups and a substantial myopic shift (approximately 0.4 D on average) was found in 2022 compared with 2021. A slight myopic shift (approximately -0.14 D on average) was found in 2023 compared with 2022. The prevalence of myopia in all age groups was the highest for five years in 2020 or 2021, which was 31.3% for 6-year-olds, 43.0% for 7-year-olds, and 53.7% for 8-year-olds. A positive change in the prevalence rate of myopia was found at 6 years old (0.59%, 0.12%, 0.36%, 0.25%, p < 0.001). The change in prevalence rate in myopia was shifted slightly in children aged 10–13 years. Children aged 8 to 13 years had a slight increase in myopia prevalence from 2022 to 2023. The prevalence of hyperopia was low and stable in all grade groups, ranging from 0.7% to 2.2% over five years. Conclusion: Myopia in children has increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, the prevalence of myopia in children gradually decreased temporarily and then rebounded. Myopic shift was more apparent in younger children. Myopic shift in children may be related to the reduction of outdoor time, less light, and near work habits, and further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhododendron williamsianum Rehder & E. H. Wilson 1913, is a plant with important horticultural value. Here we report its chloroplast genome. The total length of the chloroplast genome was 205,424 bp, with a GC content of 35.8%. It consisted of a 107,968 bp large single copy, a 2606 bp small single copy, and a pair of 47,425 bp inverted repeats separating them. Within the chloroplast genome, there were a total of 110 unique genes, which included 76 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that R. williamsianum was closely genetically related to R. sutchuenense and R. jingangshanicum. The findings from this study not only contribute to the genetic database of Rhododendron plants but also have implications for evolutionary research within the family Ericaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to develop an elaborative nomogram that predicts cancer-specific survival (CSS) in American and Chinese octogenarians treated with radical resection for CRC. Methods: The patient data of newly diagnosed patients aged 80 years or older who underwent radical resection for CRC from 2010 to 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and then randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The patients collected from our hospital were defined as the external validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to select independent predictive factors for the construction of a nomogram to predict 1-, 2- and 3-year CSS. Results: The multivariate Cox regression model identified age, T stage, N stage, perineural invasion, chemotherapy, tumour deposits, carcinoembryonic antigen level, number of lymph node metastases, and number of solid organ metastases as independent predictors of survival. The C-index of the nomogram for 1-, 2- and 3-year CSS was 0.758, 0.762, and 0.727, respectively, demonstrating significant clinical value and substantial reliability compared to the TNM stage. The calibration curve and area under the curve also indicated considerable predictive accuracy. In addition, decision curve analysis demonstrated desirable net benefits in clinical application. Conclusion: We constructed a nomogram for predicting the CSS of individual octogenarian patients with CRC who underwent radical resection. The nomogram performed better than the TNM staging system in this particular population and could guide clinicians in clinical follow-up and individual therapeutic plan formulation. Highlights: This study explored the exclusive characteristics of octogenarians treated with radical resection for colorectal cancer. This study is the first to develop a nomogram for predicting the cancer-specific survival of individual octogenarian patients after radical resection for colorectal cancer with the substantial reliability (C-index: 0.758 compared to the AJCC pathological staging system (C-index: 0.713). Internal validation of this nomogram in a cohort of American patients (N = 1644) and external validation in a cohort of Chinese patients (N = 368) confirmed its accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is demonstrated to trigger the systemic immune response of the organism and facilitate the treatment of metastatic tumors. However, SDT‐mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation can promote tumor cell spread, thus weakening the therapeutic effectiveness of metastatic tumors. Herein, the amorphous CoW‐layered double hydroxide (a‐CoW‐LDH) nanosheets are functionalized with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, i.e., YW3‐56, to construct a multifunctional nanoagent (a‐LDH@356) for synergistic SDT/immunotherapy. Specifically, a‐CoW‐LDH nanosheets can act as a sonosensitizer to generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under US irradiation. After loading with YW3‐56, a‐LDH@356 plus US irradiation not only effectively induces ROS generation and immunogenic cell death, but also inhibits the elevation of citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit) and the release of NETs, enabling a synergistic enhancement of anti‐tumor metastasis effect. Using 4T1 tumor model, it is demonstrated that combining a‐CoW‐LDH with YW3‐56 stimulates an anti‐tumor response by upregulating the proportion of immune‐activated cells and inducing polarization of M1 macrophages, and inhibits immune escape by downregulating the expression of PD‐1 on immune cells under US irradiation, which not only arrests primary tumor progression with a tumor inhibition rate of 69.5% but also prevents tumor metastasis with the least number of lung metastatic nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myopia is a major health issue around the world. Myopia in children has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, but reports are scarce on the prevalence of myopia following the pandemic. This study collected vision screening data of school children in China for five consecutive years to observe the changes in myopia after the pandemic and compare the observed prevalence of myopia before and after the pandemic. Methods: A school-based vision screening study used stratified samplings to collect the vision screening data in school children aged 6–13 from 45 primary schools in Hangzhou. Vision screening data including uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and spherical equivalent refraction(SER). Calculating the mean of SER and the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia from 2019 to 2023. Results: A total of 79,068 screening results (158,136 eyes) were included in the analysis. A substantial myopic shift (approximately -0.30 diopters [D] on average) was found in 2020 and 2021 compared with 2019 in all age groups and a substantial myopic shift (approximately 0.4 D on average) was found in 2022 compared with 2021. A slight myopic shift (approximately -0.14 D on average) was found in 2023 compared with 2022. The prevalence of myopia in all age groups was the highest for five years in 2020 or 2021, which was 31.3% for 6-year-olds, 43.0% for 7-year-olds, and 53.7% for 8-year-olds. A positive change in the prevalence rate of myopia was found at 6 years old (0.59%, 0.12%, 0.36%, 0.25%, p < 0.001). The change in prevalence rate in myopia was shifted slightly in children aged 10–13 years. Children aged 8 to 13 years had a slight increase in myopia prevalence from 2022 to 2023. The prevalence of hyperopia was low and stable in all grade groups, ranging from 0.7% to 2.2% over five years. Conclusion: Myopia in children has increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, the prevalence of myopia in children gradually decreased temporarily and then rebounded. Myopic shift was more apparent in younger children. Myopic shift in children may be related to the reduction of outdoor time, less light, and near work habits, and further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Psychological Borders in Europe and the United States: Contemporary Nationalism, Nativism, and Populism" by Maria del Mar Fariña provides a timely and informative analysis of the sociopolitical landscapes in Europe and the United States. It explores the complexities of nationalism, nativism, and populism, highlighting their interplay and impact on contemporary society. The book utilizes an integrated sociopolitical and psychological analysis to examine the formation of collective identities and the role of trauma and historical processes in shaping political conflicts. While the focus is primarily on Europe and the United States, the book offers valuable insights into the rise of right-wing politics and ideologies globally. [Extracted from the article]

The etiology of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is intricate and multifactorial, encompassing complex interactions between genetic predisposition and gut microbiota. The cell fate change, immune function regulation, and microenvironment composition in diseased tissues are governed by microorganisms and mutated genes either independently or through synergistic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of GI disease etiology is imperative for developing precise prevention and treatment strategies. However, the existing models used for studying the microenvironment in GI diseases—whether cancer cell lines or mouse models—exhibit significant limitations, which leads to the prosperity of organoids models. This review first describes the development history of organoids models, followed by a detailed demonstration of organoids application from bench to clinic. As for bench utilization, we present a layer‐by‐layer elucidation of organoid simulation on host–microbial interactions, as well as the application in molecular mechanism analysis. As for clinical adhibition, we provide a generalized interpretation of organoid application in GI disease simulation from inflammatory disorders to malignancy diseases, as well as in GI disease treatment including drug screening, immunotherapy, and microbial‐targeting and screening treatment. This review draws a comprehensive and systematical depiction of organoids models, providing a novel insight into the utilization of organoids models from bench to clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the ability for deep tissue penetration, has received widespread attention in recent years. Sonosensitizers with intrinsic characteristics for tumor-specific curative effects, tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation and tumor diagnosis are in high demand. Herein, amorphous CoBiMn-layered double hydroxide (a-CoBiMn-LDH) nanoparticles are presented as multifunctional sonosensitizers to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for ultrasound (US) imaging-guided SDT. Hydrothermal-synthesized CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles are etched via a simple acid treatment to obtain a-CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles with abundant defects. The a-CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles give greater ROS generation upon US irradiation, reaching levels ~ 3.3 times and ~ 8.2 times those of the crystalline CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles and commercial TiO2 sonosensitizer, respectively. This excellent US-triggered ROS generation performance can be attributed to the defect-induced narrow band gap and promoted electrons and holes (e−/h+) separation. More importantly, the presence of Mn4+ enables the a-CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles to regulate the TME by decomposing H2O2 into O2 for hypoxia relief and US imaging, and consuming glutathione (GSH) for protection against ROS clearance. Biological mechanism analysis shows that a-CoBiMn-LDH nanoparticles modified with polyethylene glycol can serve as a multifunctional sonosensitizer to effectively kill cancer cells in vitro and eliminate tumors in vivo under US irradiation by activating p53, apoptosis, and oxidative phosphorylation-related signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1 millisecond (1‐ms) vision system that guarantees high efficiency and timely response for tomato defect detection is essential for factory automation. Because of various defect appearances, recently many existing researches focus on CNN based defect detection, but few of them attempt to reach high processing speed to adapt to the factorial assembly line. This paper proposes a global to multi‐scale local based parallel architecture with hardwired CNN for tomato defect detection. This architecture breaks down image‐wise detection into pixel‐wise localization and block‐wise classification. The pixel‐wise localization utilizes tomato‐aware information as constraints for localization performance. The block‐wise classification uses a fully pipelined network structure to obtain the classification result for each block as the pixel stream moves through the network. The classification network has a six‐layer lightweight network structure with quantization for hardwired type implementation on FPGA. The experiment results show that the proposed architecture processes 1000 FPS images with 0.9476 ms/frame delay. And for detection performance, this architecture keeps f1−score$f_{1}-score$ at 80.18%, only 1.31% lower than ResNet50 based detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the risk and protective factors for developing ovarian cancer and construct a risk prediction model. Methods: Information related to patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer on the electronic medical record data platform of three tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from May 2018 to September 2023 was collected as the case group. Patients with non-ovarian cancer who attended the clinic during the same period were included in the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent variables and explore the factors associated with the development of ovarian cancer. An ovarian cancer risk prediction model was constructed using a decision tree C4.5 algorithm. The ROC and calibration curves were plotted, and the model was validated. Results: Logistic regression analysis identified independent risk and protective factors for ovarian cancer. The sample size was divided into training and test sets in a ratio of 7:3 for model construction and validation. The AUC of the training and test sets of the decision tree model were 0.961 (95% CI:0.944– 0.978) and 0.902 (95% CI:0.840– 0.964), respectively, and the optimal cut-off values and their coordinates were 0.532 (0.091, 0.957), and 0.474 (0.159, 0.842) respectively. The accuracies of the training and test sets were 93.3% and 84.2%, respectively, and their sensitivities were 95.7% and 84.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The constructed ovarian cancer risk prediction model has good predictive ability, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of early warning of ovarian cancer in high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Hybrid Investigative Journalism" edited by Maria Konow-Lund, Michelle Park, and Saba Bebawi explores the emerging practice of hybrid investigative journalism, which combines traditional journalistic practices with digital technology, social media, and data journalism. The book consists of 10 chapters that examine the blending of traditional and innovative practices in investigative journalism, the importance of adopting a hybrid methodology, and the role of investigative journalism in responding to global crises. While the book provides comprehensive case studies and insights into investigative journalism, it lacks strong connections between the cases and could benefit from further elaboration on the concept of hybrid investigative journalism. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for those interested in investigative journalism. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Osteocytes are critical mechanosensory cells in bone, and mechanically stimulated osteocytes produce exosomes that can induce osteogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important constituents of exosomes, and some miRNAs in osteocytes regulate osteogenic differentiation; previous studies have indicated that some differentially expressed miRNAs in mechanically strained osteocytes likely influence osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, screening and selection of miRNAs that regulate osteogenic differentiation in exosomes of mechanically stimulated osteocytes are important. Results: A mechanical tensile strain of 2500 με at 0.5 Hz 1 h per day for 3 days, elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of MLO-Y4 osteocytes, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Fourteen miRNAs differentially expressed only in MLO-Y4 osteocytes which were stimulated with mechanical tensile strain, were screened, and the miRNAs related to osteogenesis were identified. Four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-1930-3p, miR-3110-5p, miR-3090-3p, and miR-3058-3p) were found only in mechanically strained osteocytes, and the four miRNAs, eight targeted mRNAs which were differentially expressed only in mechanically strained osteoblasts, were also identified. In addition, the mechanically strained osteocyte-derived exosomes promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, the exosomes were internalized by osteoblasts, and the up-regulated miR-3110-5p and miR-3058-3p in mechanically strained osteocytes, were both increased in the exosomes, which was verified via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Conclusions: In osteocytes, a mechanical tensile strain of 2500 με at 0.5 Hz induced the fourteen differentially expressed miRNAs which probably were in exosomes of osteocytes and involved in osteogenesis. The mechanically strained osteocyte-derived exosomes which contained increased miR-3110-5p and miR-3058-3p (two of the 14 miRNAs), promoted osteoblastic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of mothers of school-age children with asthma in care. A phenomenological study was conducted using qualitative research methods from August 2021 to November 2021. Mothers (from Sichuan, China) of school-aged children with asthma who sought outpatient care at the pediatric asthma clinic were purposively sampled based on their occupation, education level, and duration of their child's illness. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted in consultation room A07 of the pediatric asthma clinic. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. 23 mothers expressed interest, but data saturation was reached after recruiting 15 mothers.Four main themes encompassing ten sub-themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Negative psychological burden, with sub-themes including anxiety shock, fear of death, guilt, and stigma. (2) Family dysfunction, with sub-themes including impaired quality of life, family emotional crisis, and heavy economic burden. (3) Difficulty in seeking medical treatment. (4) Active response, with sub-themes including emotional adjustment, family empowerment, and social support. In this sample, the caregiving experience of mothers of school-age children with asthma is diverse and complex, reflected not only in personal psychological aspects but also in family functioning and social support. Taking into account various factors, such as addressing psychological well-being, emphasizing family and social support, and promoting the sharing of positive experiences, may result in more effective alleviation of caregiving stress for mothers of school-age children with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism via mRNA processing. However, whether and how HNRNPA1 alters adipocyte function in obesity remain obscure. Here, we found that the obese state downregulated HNRNPA1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). The depletion of adipocyte HNRNPA1 promoted markedly increased macrophage infiltration and expression of proinflammatory and fibrosis genes in WAT of obese mice, eventually leading to exacerbated insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, HNRNPA1 interacted with Ccl2 and regulated its mRNA stability. Intraperitoneal injection of CCL2-CCR2 signaling antagonist improved adipose tissue inflammation and systemic glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, HNRNPA1 expression in human WAT was negatively correlated with BMI, fat percentage, and subcutaneous fat area. Among individuals with 1-year metabolic surgery follow-up, HNRNPA1 expression was positively related to percentage of total weight loss. These findings identify adipocyte HNRNPA1 as a link between adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic homeostasis, which might be a promising therapeutic target for obesity-related disorders. Article Highlights: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) is decreased during obesity, but the specific role in adipose tissue remains unclear. Adipocyte-specific depletion of Hnrnpa1 accelerates adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic disorders via enhancing mRNA stability of chemokine CCL2. CCL2 receptor antagonist rescues metabolic dysfunction elicited by Hnrnpa1 depletion. HNRNPA1 expression in human adipose tissue is closely related to BMI, fat percentage, and subcutaneous fat area and is positively associated with percentage of total weight loss 1 year after bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish in aquatic ecosystems are often impacted by environmental stressors like temperature fluctuations and exposure to heavy metals. Chromium (Cr6+) is a known environmental pollutant that poses a threat to aquatic life. Various environmental factors, such as water temperature, have been found to affect the toxicity of dissolved chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the toxicity of combinations of different concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) with high temperatures in fish. Hematological indices demonstrated changes in white blood cells (WBCs), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBCs), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the exposure. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of different tissues confirmed that higher concentrations of Cr6+ caused more significant damage than lower concentrations, with evident alterations observed in circulatory and regressive aspects. Furthermore, brain acetylcholinesterase levels decreased in both single heavy metal exposure and combined exposure at a high temperature. The activity of antioxidant oxidase and immunological parameters increased in all treatment groups compared with the control group following long-term exposure. A significant and increased effect of Cr6+ in the high-temperature groups was observed on the evaluated biomarkers, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between Cr6+ and increased temperature. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) reported the highest level of stress at 10 mg/L Cr6+ combined with high temperature. The IBR analysis revealed that the highest activity of response enzymes, such as acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferases (GST), was observed in the liver, whereas the gills displayed alkaline phosphatase (ALP), GST, and SOD activity, and the kidneys demonstrated SOD, ACP, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to be most active. Through histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, and metabolism- and immunity-related enzymes, we determined that high temperatures enhance the potential toxicity of Cr6+ in fish. We recommend conducting a thorough assessment of the impact of climate change, particularly temperature fluctuations, when studying the toxic effects of metal pollution, like chromium, in aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

See also the Commentary on this article by Zhang et al., 242: 327–330. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing green trade barriers from developed nations, particularly the EU, based on product carbon footprints, China's renewable energy industries confront significant challenges in transitioning towards sustainability and low carbon emissions. This study delves into the carbon footprint of China's renewable infrastructure, evaluating wind turbines, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and lithium batteries across varied decarbonization scenarios, emphasizing both production and international trade transportation. The initial findings for 2022 indicate baseline carbon footprints of 990,701 kg CO2-eq/MW for wind turbines, 2994.97 kg CO2-eq/kWp for PV panels, and 67.53 kg CO2-eq/kWh for batteries. Projections for 2050 suggest that decarbonization advancements could slash these footprints by up to 36.1% for wind turbines, 76.7% for PV panels, and 72.5% for batteries, closely mirroring the EU's 2050 low-carbon benchmarks. Considerable carbon footprints from both domestic and international transportation have been quantified, underscoring the importance of logistic decarbonization. Based on these results, it is concluded that China's steadfast commitment to a sustainable and climate-ambitious development path can provide globally competitive, low-carbon renewable infrastructure after 2030. The study advocates for a collaborative approach to product decarbonization across international trade, as opposed to erecting barriers, to effectively contribute to global climate objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When multiple distributed PV (photovoltaic) systems are integrated into multiple nodes of the distribution network, this will lead to the significant influence of the grid-tied node voltage of the power distribution network resulting from the uncertainty of PV power. Therefore, this aspect needs to be further studied in terms of how to effectively characterize the uncertainty of the voltage influence in a grid-tied multi-PV system distribution network. Focusing on this problem, a modeling and analysis method for distribution networks with PV cells based on Markov global sensitivity is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a global Markov chain is constructed using the Markov chain and the power flow equation to model the uncertainty of PV power. Furthermore, a Markov global sensitivity function is proposed to characterize the influence degree of the voltage on the distribution network nodes while multi-point PV system are grid-tied to system. The case study results show that the uncertainty model of multi-point PV grid-connection can be effectively constructed using the proposed method in this paper, and the uncertainty influence analysis is accurate. This is of great significance for grid connection planning and the optimization control of new energy systems, as well as for the new energy consumption increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practices of online censorship around boys' love (danmei) in mainland China have exhibited continuous change, with varying media targets and nominal justifications. This article explores dynamic transformations in the strategies employed by authorities, media platforms, and danmei creators throughout different time periods. Based on the authors' archival research, the censorship of danmei can be classified into three distinct stages: the years 2004 to 2015, 2016 to 2020, and 2021 to the present. These periods are distinguished by the primary danmei media form that authorities most often target for censorship. We argue that China's digital censorship apparatus has given rise to an unrelenting and intensifying suppression of danmei content, which is further bolstered by the sustained promotion of a media discourse that fosters a culture of disdain for danmei, and hence, has limited spaces for the expansion of danmei fandom and its practitioners' creativity. Moreover, we suggest that there is a continuous and combative interplay between danmei culture and censorship, wherein creative practices become highly responsive to government regulations and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) started a 4‐year scientific collaboration to approach complex new data modalities and advanced analytics. The scientific question was to find novel radio‐genomics‐based prognostic and predictive factors for HR+/HER− metastatic breast cancer under a Research Collaboration Agreement. This collaboration has been providing valuable insights to help successfully implement future scientific projects, particularly using artificial intelligence and machine learning. This tutorial aims to provide tangible guidelines for a multi‐omics project that includes multidisciplinary expert teams, spanning across different institutions. We cover key ideas, such as "maintaining effective communication" and "following good data science practices," followed by the four steps of exploratory projects, namely (1) plan, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. We break each step into smaller concepts with strategies for implementation and provide illustrations from our collaboration to further give the readers actionable guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a prevalent hereditary disease that can cause aberrant cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we confirmed that c.415G > A in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), an FH-related gene, is a pathogenic variant in FH by in silico analysis and functional experiments. Methods: The proband and his family were evaluated using the diagnostic criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to explore and validate FH-related variants. In silico analyses were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the candidate variant and its impact on protein stability. Molecular and biochemical methods were performed to examine the effects of the LDLR c.415G > A variant in vitro. Results: Four of six participants had a diagnosis of FH. It was estimated that the LDLR c.415G > A variant in this family was likely pathogenic. Western blotting and qPCR suggested that LDLR c.415G > A does not affect protein expression. Functional studies showed that this variant may lead to dyslipidemia by impairing the binding and absorption of LDLR to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Conclusion: LDLR c.415G > A is a pathogenic variant in FH; it causes a significant reduction in LDLR's capacity to bind LDL, resulting in impaired LDL uptake. These findings expand the spectrum of variants associated with FH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid proliferation of tumors is highly dependent on the nutrition supply of blood vessels. Cutting off the nutrient supply to tumors is an effective strategy for cancer treatment, known as starvation therapy. Although various hydrogel-based biomaterials have been developed for starvation therapy through glucose consumption or intravascular embolization, the limitations of single-mode starvation therapy hinder their therapeutic effects. Herein, we propose a dual-function nutrition deprivation strategy that can block the nutrients delivery through extravascular gelation shrinkage and inhibit neovascularization through angiogenesis inhibitors based on a novel NIR-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel. CuS nanodots-modified MgAl-LDH nanosheets loaded with angiogenesis inhibitor (sorafenib, SOR) are incorporated into the poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel by radical polymerization to obtain the composite hydrogel (SOR@LDH-CuS/P). The SOR@LDH-CuS/P hydrogel can deliver hydrophobic SOR with a NIR-responsive release behavior, which could decrease the tumor vascular density and accelerate cancer cells apoptosis. Moreover, the SOR@LDH-CuS/P hydrogel exhibits higher (3.5 times) compressive strength than that of the PNIPAAm, which could squeeze blood vessels through extravascular gelation shrinkage. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the interruption of nutrient supply by gelation shrinkage and the prevention of angiogenesis by SOR is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth for multimode starvation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The mechanism of cervical ripening in late pregnancy is still unclear. The vaginal microbiome has been reported to correlate with the preterm birth and short cervix in pregnant women. However, the associations between the cervical maturity and the vaginal microbiome are still poorly understood. We aim to analyze the cervicovaginal microflora in women with ripe cervix and in those who are unripe when delivering at term. Methods: Cervicovaginal swabs were collected between 40 and 41 weeks of gestation from the following 2 different groups of patients: ripe group (n = 25) and unripe group (n = 25). Samples were tested using 16S ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing and analyzed by bioinformatics platform. Results: This study highlights the relationship between cervical maturity during late pregnancy and the composition of the cervicovaginal microflora. Both α- and β-diversity analyses demonstrated significant differences between women with a ripe cervix and those with an unripe cervix. Notably, the Lactobacillus profile was found to be closely linked to cervical maturity. There was a significant difference in the vaginal community state type, with CST IV being more prevalent in women with an unripe cervix. Furthermore, the association between CST IV and the unripe cervix group, as indicated by the odds ratio of 8.6, underscores its relevance in evaluating cervical maturity, when compared to other Lactobacillus-dominant community state types. Additionally, several bacterial taxa, particularly Lactobacillus, exhibited differential relative abundances between the two groups. Conclusion: This study provided significant evidence regarding the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and cervical maturity, highlighting the differential diversity, community state types, and specific bacterial taxa, such as Lactobacillus, that are associated with cervical maturation status. These findings contributed to our understanding of the dynamics of the cervicovaginal microflora during late pregnancy and its implications for cervical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart mechanical sensing technology based on mechanoluminescence (ML) has potential applications in the fields of wearable mechanical sensors and remote detection of human health due to its characteristics of non-contact, visualization, and remote signal transmission. Herein, a new strategy for multi-mode ML in a rigid and flexible medium by embedding fluoride nanocrystals (CaF2: Tb3+) in amorphous media was proposed and the intrinsic physical mechanism of energy conversion was clarified. For the rigid transparent CaF2: Tb3+ glass ceramics (GCs), without being fabricated with any special medium, recoverable trap-controlled ML can be generated under friction after X-ray pre-irradiation. Furthermore, the ML composite device fabricated using CaF2: Tb3+ GC powder and flexible stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can achieve self-recovery ML under multimode mechanical stimulation due to the induction of inorganic-organic interface triboelectrification. Finally, rigid accurate stress detection at non-stressed point positions is designed based on the remote transmission of a ML signal owing to the unique optical waveguide effect of GCs, and a flexible mechanical-sensing optical skin for real-time monitoring of human health status is realized by using the CaF2: Tb3+ GC powder/PDMS composite device. This work opens up a new avenue for the realization of multi-scene stress detection based on a rigid/flexible ML material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continues to increase, and the phenomenon of women giving birth at an older age is becoming more common worldwide. Less is known abouts the impact of GDM combined with advanced maternal age (AMA) on pregnancy outcomes. To explore the impact of AMA complicated with GDM on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This study included 34,602 pregnancies between 2018 and 2020 in Hangzhou, China. The pregnant women were divided into four groups according to advanced age (≥35 years) and GDM as follows: AMA women without GDM (non‐AGDM) group (n = 2614), young pregnant women with GDM (YGDM) group (n = 4016), AMA women with GDM (AGDM) group (n = 850), and young pregnant women without GDM (non‐YGDM) group (n = 27,122). Univariate analysis was carried out by Mann–Whitney U test or Pearson's χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of AMA and GDM on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the comparison against non‐YGDM garoup, the ORs of fetal chromosome abnormality, parity, urgent cesarean section, gravidity, scheduled cesarean section, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, pre‐eclampsia, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, blood urea nitrogen, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine in AGDM group were 16.044, 4.284, 3.530, 3.284, 3.257, 2.049, 1.935, 1.898, 1.690, 1.471, 1.304, 1.216, and 1.026 (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of pregnant women with AGDM was 2.46% in Hang Zhou, China. The increasing gravidity of AMA women was related to a greater risk of GDM. The AGDM group associated with a greater risks of chromosomal abnormality in offspring and cesarean section, especially urgent cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a robust emission control policy, significant reductions in major air pollutants, such as PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO, were observed in China between 2015 and 2020. On the other hand, during the same period, there was a notable increase in ozone (O 3) concentrations, making it a prominent air pollutant in eastern China. The annual mean concentration of maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O 3 exhibited alarming linear increases of 2.4, 1.1, and 2.0 ppb yr -1 (ppb is for parts per billion) in three megacity clusters: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD), respectively. Meanwhile, there was a significant 3-fold increase in the number of O 3 -exceeding days, defined as MDA8 O 3 > 75 ppb. Our analysis indicated that the upward increases in the annual mean concentration of MDA8 were primarily driven by the rise in consecutive O 3 -exceeding days. There were expansions of high O 3 in urban centers to rural areas accompanied by a saturation effect so that MDA8 O 3 concentrations at the high-O 3 stations in 2015 remained nearly constant at 100 ppb. Last, we found a close association between O 3 episodes with 4 or more consecutive O 3 -exceeding days and the position and strength of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the northwest Pacific and the West Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The TC and WPSH contributed to meteorological conditions characterized by clear skies, subsiding air motion, high vertical stability in the lower troposphere, increased solar radiation, and a positive temperature anomaly at the surface. These favorable meteorological conditions greatly facilitated the formation of O 3. Thus, we propose that the worsening O 3 increases observed in the BTH, YRD, and PRD regions from 2015 to 2020 can be mostly attributed to enhanced photochemical O 3 production resulting from an increased occurrence of meteorological conditions with high solar radiation and positive temperature anomalies under the influence of the WPSH and TCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is no clear consensus so far on which fixation method is most favorable for the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcome of RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel and to explore the advantages of RigidFix applied both in the femoral and tibial tunnel with hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients (male/female, 45/8) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons between January 2013 and December 2017 at our institute. The participants in group A (n = 36) received anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with RigidFix cross pins fixation in both femoral and tibial tunnels, while those in group B (n = 17) with RigidFix cross pins fixation in the femoral tunnel and Interference screw fixation in the tibial tunnel. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form 2000 (IKDC2000) score, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity score and the side‐to‐side difference were compared at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The graft diameter, number of strands in graft and the average diameter of each strand were also compared between the two groups. The categorical parameters were analyzed by chi‐square test and the continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed by Student's t‐test. Results: At 2 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.61 ± 0.55), side‐to‐side difference (1.50 ± 0.58) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (88.81 ± 3.88), Tegner activity score (6.14 ± 0.60) in group A were significantly higher than that in group B. At 5 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.64 ± 0.68), side‐to‐side difference (1.73 ± 0.63) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (89.09 ± 3.85), Tegner activity score (6.58 ± 0.94) in group A were slso significantly higher than that in group B. There was statistical difference in the change of the side‐to‐side difference between the two groups (group A vs. B, 0.22 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). There were also statistical differences in the graft diameter (group A vs. B, 7.83 ± 0.74 vs. 7.41 ± 0.51, p = 0,038), number of strands in graft (5.67 ± 0.72 vs. 4.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001) and the average diameter of each strand (1.41 ± 0.22 vs. 1.85 ± 0.13, p < 0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can achieve better 5‐year results when compared with the interference screw, and the hamstring tendon can be folded into a thicker graft when RigidFix cross pins were applied in both femoral and tibial tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tight glutenite reservoirs characterization and effective hydrocarbon-bearing formation identification faced great challenge due to ultra-low porosity, ultra-low permeability and complicated pore structure. Fracturing fracture-building technique always needed to obtain deliverability because of poor natural productive capacity. Pore structure characterization and friability prediction were essential in improving such type of reservoir evaluation. In this study, fractured tight glutenite reservoirs in Permian Jiamuhe Formation that located in northwest margin of Junggar Basin, northwest China, were chosen as an example, and 25 typical core samples were drilled and simultaneously applied for mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and whole-rock mineral X-ray diffraction experiments. A novel method of synthetizing pseudo-pore-throat radius (Rc) distribution from porosity frequency spectra was established to characterize fractured formation pore structure. Quartz and calcite were considered as the fragile mineral, and rock mineral component ratio method was used to predict brittleness index. Meanwhile, the statistical model raised by Jin et al. (SPE J 20:518–526, 2015) was used to predict two types of fracture toughness. And then, brittleness index and fracture toughness were combined to characterize tight glutenite reservoirs friability. Combining with maximal pore-throat radius (Rmax, reflected rock pore structure) and friability, our target formations were classified into four clusters. In addition, relationships among pore structure, friability and daily hydrocarbon production per meter (DI) were analyzed, and a model to predict DI from well-logging data was established. Comparison of predicted DI with the extracted results from drill stem test (DST) data illustrated the reliability of our raised models. This would be valuable in determining optimal hydrocarbon production intervals and formulating reasonable developed plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: In public health emergencies, nurses are vulnerable to adverse reactions, especially job burnout. It is critical to identify nurses at risk of burnout early and implement interventions as early as possible. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the hospitals in Xiangyang City was conducted in January, 2023 using stratified cluster sampling. Anonymized data were collected from 1584 working nurses. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were used to evaluate the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout of nurses in public health emergencies. Logistic regression analysis was established to screen for risk factors of burnout, and a nomogram was developed to predict the risk of burnout. A calibration curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to validate the nomogram internally. Results: This study showed that only 3.7% of nurses were completely free of PTSD during a public health emergency. We found that PTSD varied by age, marital status, procreation status, length of service, employee status, and whether working in the ICU. The nurses aged 30 ~ 40 years old, single, married without children, non-regular employees, worked for less than three years or worked in the ICU had higher levels of PTSD. Regarding the prevalence of burnout, 27.4%, 48.5%, and 18.6% of nurses had a high level of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and diminished personal accomplishment (PA), respectively. There, 31.1% of nurses had more than two types of job burnout. The number of night shifts, the type of hospital, marital status, and the severity of PTSD were all associated with higher rates of exhaustion among nurses. As a graphical representation of the model, a nomogram was created and demonstrated excellent calibration and discrimination in both sets (AUC = 0.787). Conclusions: This study confirmed the PTSD and burnout are common problems for in-service nurses during public health emergencies and screened out the high-risk groups of job burnout. It is necessary to pay more attention nurses who are single and working in general hospitals with many night shifts, especially nurses with severe PTSD. Hospitals can set up nurses' personal health records to give timely warnings to nurses with health problems, and carry out support interventions to relieve occupational stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the real‐time quality and validity of thermo‐sensitive foods during storage and transportation can be achieved with time‐temperature indicators (TTIs). However, the available TTIs still need to be improved in terms of accuracy, recoverability, environmental tolerance, and quantitative monitoring. Here, a novel TTI based on the optical signals originating from the as‐explored Sr3Y2Ge3O12: Mn2+, Er3+ (SYGO: Mn2+, Er3+) phosphor is developed. Thanks to the fact that the release of the captured carriers is tightly related to the storage time and ambient temperature, distinct optical signals of the as‐obtained TTI under multi‐stimulus (980 nm laser irradiation, thermal stimulation, and mechanical force) can be distinguished to judge the validity of temperature‐sensitive products. This work reveals the promising potential of SYGO: Mn2+, Er3+ phosphors with cryogenic optical storage properties as advanced TTIs, especially for packaged products in cold chain logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary of Background Data.With the increasing incidence and mortality of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia (RMPP), the early diagnosis and treatment of RMPP have attracted more and more attention and have become a major concern in pediatrics. Objective. The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with RMPP and to explore the biomarkers for the early prediction of RMPP, thus providing references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RMPP in children. Methods. Baseline clinical characteristics, clinical symptoms, physical examination, chest imaging, and laboratory indicators between children with RMPP and general refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for RMPP. ROC curves were adopted to analyze the predictive values of biomarkers. Results. The RMPP group had more severe clinical symptoms and manifestations on imaging (including pleural effusion, pulmonary consolidation, and pulmonary atelectasis), a higher incidence of extrapulmonary complications, and a longer duration of hospital stays. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum D-dimer (OR = 8.169, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.146, P < 0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR = 1.025, P < 0.001) levels were independent risk factors for RMPP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in RMPP prediction was 0.841, 0.870, and 0.893 for serum levels of D-dimer, CRP, and LDH, respectively (P < 0.001), with a cutoff value of 1.47 ng/ml, 39.34 mg/L, and 379 IU/L, respectively. Conclusions. Serum D-dimer, CRP, and LDH levels were related to the severity of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children and had potential as biomarkers for the early prediction of RMPP, suggesting great applicative values for the early diagnosis and timely intervention of children with RMPP in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been reported recently that the ratio of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (UHR) is correlated with several metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of UHR with body fat content and distribution.Methods: This study enrolled 300 participants (58 men and 242 women) aged 18 to 65 years. The levels of serum uric acid and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured by standard enzymatic methods. The overall fat content and segmental fat distribution were assessed with an automatic bioelectrical impedance analyzer. In the population with obesity, the visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.Results: Among the study population, 219 individuals (73.0%) were with obesity. The median level of UHR in individuals with obesity was 33.7% (26.2% - 45.9%), which was significantly higher than that in those without obesity [22.6% (17.0% - 34.4%), P < 0.01]. UHR was positively associated with overall fat content and segmental fat distribution parameters (all P < 0.01). In multivariate linear regression analysis, compared with body mass index, waist circumference was more closely associated with UHR (standardized β = 0.427, P < 0.001) after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, total fat mass (standardized β = 0.225, P = 0.002) and trunk fat mass (standardized β = 0.296, P = 0.036) were more closely linked to UHR than total fat-free mass and leg fat mass, respectively. In the population with obesity, VFA was independently correlated with UHR (P < 0.01), while SFA was not associated with UHR.Conclusion: UHR was significantly associated with overall fat content and trunk fat accumulation. In the population with obesity, UHR was positively associated with VFA. Attention should be paid to the role of excessive trunk fat mass in the relationship between UHR and metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]