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The article offers information related to the financial risk in the age of paper and mentions about trompe l’oeil effect that encourages viewers to misread the artwork as a collection of the actual ephemera it represents. It also mentions that satirical images referencing public discourses and debates, was meant to be read as well as viewed; and information about works of art historian Mark Hallett, is given.

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the years before and after the Second World War, chemical and related industries in a variety of countries experienced a surge in innovation and development. As a result, the pulp industry became a space for considerable innovation. In Sweden, Johan Richter developed the Kamyr digester, a pulp cooker that could run continuously and was adopted by industry within a decade. Prior to Richter, Soviet engineer Leonid Zherebov designed a similar cooker. But after 25 years of experiments, Zherebov’s design failed, and Soviet factories began to produce pulp using imported Kamyr digesters. This article examines the history of continuous pulp cooking in the Soviet Union as a means to understand the nature of Russian technological innovation and its failures. The paper contends that his effort failed because of the technological system developed by Soviet forestry – a system characterized by a lack of open communication among its main institutional actors and a scarcity of resources to facilitate innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines Weber's Protestant Work Ethic and its power in explaining the business ethos and progress of a leading Scottish papermaking firm, Alex Cowan & Sons Ltd. of Penicuik, which existed independently from 1779 to 1965. Beginning with a summary of the Protestant Work Ethic, as outlined in Weber's thesis of 1904–06, a review of key debates around it is given, followed by details of some recent works which demonstrate its continuing relevance for historical scholars as well as the shortcomings of some recent studies which have sought to test it in detail. A brief outline of the business progress of Cowan's papermaking business then follows, after which key aspects of Weber's thesis are tested against the firm's experience. The study concludes that Weber's thesis adequately describes the motivation and progress of the firm and its owners, providing detailed empirical evidence which supports the Weber thesis and justifies further detailed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the stigmatization of place and resultant effects on redevelopment in a community once dependent on the pulp and paper industry, yet located in a high-amenity, recreation-dependent region. On the basis of historical environmental conditions, the community became known regionally as a polluted and undesirable place and this negative image has posed a number of challenges to redevelopment efforts. Today, tourism-based development appears constrained, symbolically and materially tied to the local ecohistorical context. I employ an ethnographic approach to first elaborate a key element of local place character-environmental stigma-and then show how it has shaped the course of redevelopment there. Though originally centered on environmental conditions, the community's place stigma has become more complex, incorporating a set of negative community effects common to deindustrialization. I analyze the effects of long-term and diffuse processes of environmental harm and decay, and show how such stigma can present subtle yet real obstacles to redevelopment. I demonstrate how place matters for the course of community change, emphasizing how dynamics of place can run counter to what is expected when a community fits the description of a high-amenity community ostensibly positioned to undergo a new phase of amenity-based growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Empresa y Humanismo is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses water and wood in the German pulp and paper industry from the 1870s to the 1930s. The author states that the German paper industry is an example of the relationship between industry and natural environment and how they developed in tandem. The article frequently cites business historian Alfred D. Chandler Jr. How the paper industry managed the transition from cotton to wood as its raw material is examined. The article also discusses the industries response to growing public concerns about the pollution of Germany's waterways by pulp and paper mills.

The British paper and board industry opposed plans to establish the Western European free trade area and the more modest EFTA, arguing that British producers would be unable to compete successfully against their Nordic rivals. The paper industry did support British entry to the EEC, but only because this was considered to be a less bad option than continued membership of EFTA. It is argued that while the British government could not fundamentally change its European policy solely because it harmed the interests of one particular industry, pressure from business and fears that increased competition would lead to increased unemployment gradually persuaded it to find ways to reduce competition. However, this policy probably encouraged many companies to delay efforts to modernise production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the maintenance goals and practices at 18th-century paper mills in Europe. Survey of paper manufacture; Influence of technologies; Pervasive operate-to-failure style; Regular minor repairs; Postponed major renovations; Rational choices in market context; Weakness of mills; Annual maintenance spending; Estimated lifespan of the equipment of a paper mill.

Chronicles technological changes in the pulp and paper industry in the United States between 1915 and 1940. Patterns of changes that have been identified; Presentation of a theoretical framework for induced innovation.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue on topics including the history of the development of nuclear reactors in Germany and Sweden in the 1950s and 1960s, the history of the Soviet Union's pulp industry from 1940 to 1960s, and the electric power research program of the Electric Power Research Institute.