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Lipid mediators are bioactive lipids which help regulate inflammation. We aimed to develop an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify 58 pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators in plasma, determine preliminary reference ranges for adolescents, and investigate how total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsions influence lipid mediator concentrations in plasma. Lipid mediators were extracted from plasma using SPE and measured using UHPLC-MS/MS. EDTA plasma was collected from healthy adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age to determine preliminary reference ranges and from mice given intravenous TPN for seven days containing either an n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion. We successfully quantified 43 lipid mediators in human plasma with good precision and recovery including several leukotrienes, prostaglandins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins. We found that the addition of methanol to human plasma after blood separation reduces post blood draw increases in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), 12S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12S-HETrE), 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Compared to the n-6 PUFA based TPN, the n-3 PUFA based TPN increased specialized pro-resolving mediators such as maresin 1 (MaR1), MaR2, protectin D1 (PD1), PDX, and resolvin D5 (RvD5), and decreased inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Our method provides an accurate and sensitive quantification of 58 lipid mediators from plasma samples, which we used to establish a preliminary reference range for lipid mediators in plasma samples of adolescents; and to show that n-3 PUFA, compared to n-6 PUFA rich TPN, leads to a less inflammatory lipid mediator profile in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eicosanoid and related docosanoid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their oxygenated derivatives have been proposed as noninvasive lipidomic biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, we investigated associations between plasma eicosanoids and liver fibrosis to evaluate their utility in diagnosing and monitoring NASH-related fibrosis. Methods: Our analysis used baseline eicosanoid data from 427 patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and longitudinal measurements along with liver fibrosis staging from 63 patients with NASH and stage 2/3 fibrosis followed for 24 weeks in a phase II trial. Results: At baseline, four eicosanoids were significantly associated with liver fibrosis stage: 11,12-DIHETE, tetranor 12-HETE, adrenic acid, and 14, 15-DIHETE. Over 24 weeks of follow up, a combination of changes in seven eicosanoids [5-HETE, 7,17-DHDPA, adrenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 16-HDOHE, and 9-HODE) had good diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of ⩾1 stage improvement in fibrosis (AUROC: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.87), and a combination of four eicosanoids (7,17-DHDPA, 14,15-DIHETRE, 9-HOTRE, and free adrenic acid) accurately predicted improvement in hepatic collagen content (AUROC: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.50–0.77). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that plasma eicosanoids may serve as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis and may predict liver fibrosis improvement in NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eicosanoid and related docosanoid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their oxygenated derivatives have been proposed as noninvasive lipidomic biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, we investigated associations between plasma eicosanoids and liver fibrosis to evaluate their utility in diagnosing and monitoring NASH-related fibrosis. Methods: Our analysis used baseline eicosanoid data from 427 patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and longitudinal measurements along with liver fibrosis staging from 63 patients with NASH and stage 2/3 fibrosis followed for 24 weeks in a phase II trial. Results: At baseline, four eicosanoids were significantly associated with liver fibrosis stage: 11,12-DIHETE, tetranor 12-HETE, adrenic acid, and 14, 15-DIHETE. Over 24 weeks of follow up, a combination of changes in seven eicosanoids [5-HETE, 7,17-DHDPA, adrenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 16-HDOHE, and 9-HODE) had good diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of ⩾1 stage improvement in fibrosis (AUROC: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.87), and a combination of four eicosanoids (7,17-DHDPA, 14,15-DIHETRE, 9-HOTRE, and free adrenic acid) accurately predicted improvement in hepatic collagen content (AUROC: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.50–0.77). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that plasma eicosanoids may serve as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis and may predict liver fibrosis improvement in NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Annals of Forest Science (EDP Sciences) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Annals of Forest Science (BioMed Central) is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phyllosphere fungi occur on various litters, but the ecology of these fungi on leaf litter has received little attention. To investigate the occurrence, colonization, and succession of phyllosphere fungi on leaf litter of Fagus crenata Blume, fungi were isolated from living, senescent, freshly fallen, and decomposing leaves by surface sterilization and washing methods. A total of 18 and 47 fungal species were isolated from the interior and surface of living and senescent leaves, respectively, and 15 frequent species were regarded as phyllosphere fungi. These fungi were divided into three groups according to their frequency on freshly fallen and decomposing leaves. Nine species (Group I) occurred frequently on decomposing leaves, two species (Group II) on freshly fallen leaves only, and four species (Group III) were frequent on living or senescent leaves only. Colonization of sterilized, freshly fallen leaves by phyllosphere fungi was investigated to test their ability to infect litter directly after litter fall. Frequencies of four species were lower on sterilized leaves than on unsterilized leaves, whereas frequencies of other species did not differ between sterilized and unsterilized leaves. Successional trends of endophytes and epiphytes were observed during decomposition from freshly fallen to decomposing leaves. The sum of frequencies of endophytes decreased temporarily on freshly fallen leaves and increased on decomposing leaves. The sum of frequencies of epiphytes decreased from freshly fallen to decomposing leaves.Key words: beech, decomposition, endophyte, epiphyte, Xylariaceae.On retrouve les champignons de la phyllosphère sur diverses litières, mais l'écologie de ces champignons sur les litières foliaires a reçu peu d'attention. Afin d'examiner la présence, la colonisation et la succession des champignons de la phllosphère sur la litière foliaire du Fagus crenata Blume, l'auteur a isolé les champignons provenant de feuilles vivantes, sénescentes, fraîchement tombées ainsi qu'en décomposition, en utilisant une méthode par stérilisation superficielle et lavage. Un total de 18 et 47 espèces fongiques ont été isolées de l'intérieur et de la surface des feuilles vivantes et sénescentes, respectivement, et 15 espèces fréquentes sont considérées comme champignons de la phyllosphère. L'auteur divise ces champignons en trois groupes selon leur fréquence sur les feuilles en décomposition. Neuf espèces (groupe I) se retrouvent fréquemment sur les feuilles en décomposition, deux espèces (groupe II) viennent de feuilles fraîchement tombées seulement, et quatre espèces (groupe III) se retrouvent fréquemment sur les feuilles vivantes ou sénescentes seulement. L'auteur a suivi la colonisation de feuilles fraîchement tombées stérilisées par des champignons de la phyllosphère, afin de déterminer leur capacité à infecter la litière, directement après la chute des feuilles. La fréquence de six espèces est plus faible sur les feuilles stérilisées que sur les feuilles non-stérilisées. L'auteur a de plus observé les tendances successionnelles des endophytes et des épiphytes au cours de la décomposition allant des feuilles fraîchement tombées aux feuilles en décomposition. La somme des fréquences des endophytes diminue temporairement sur les feuilles fraîchement tombées et augmente sur les feuilles en décomposition. La somme des fréquences des épiphytes diminuent en passant des feuilles fraîchement tombées aux feuilles en décomposition.Mots clés : hêtre, décomposition, endophyte, épiphyte, Xylariaceae.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Forest Science (EDP Sciences) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Forest Science (EDP Sciences) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Forest Science (BioMed Central) is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)