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Antibiotic resistance in the context of treating malarial infections is a major challenge in India. Home remedies such as thulasi leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum), black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum), clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum), and nilavembu whole plant powder (Andrographis paniculata) were taken to explore antimalarial and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. Among the five extracts, the best two extracts, C. verum and P. nigrum extract, showed the presence of Quercetin. Phytoniosomes were prepared by simple probe sonication with the two extracts and the resultant vesicles were in the size range of (319.7 nm). They showed significant (P < 0.001) antimalarial potency IC50 at 5.25 µg/ml against P. falciparum 3D7. In addition, their cytotoxicity (TC50) against Vero cell line was found to be > 100 µg/ml. The therapeutic index was found to be > 32 µg/ml. Phytoniosomes were converted to a capsule dosage form by lyophilization and this capsule was stable up to 90 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research work was to prepare and evaluate in situ gel forming ophthalmic drug delivery system loaded with brimonidine tartarate (BT). In this work, carbopol and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ophthalmic gel-forming mucoadhesive polymers, which gets converted to gel in the lachrymal fluid were used as in the preparation of pH t riggered in situ gel formulation. The formulations were then autoclaved at 121°C for 15 min and evaluated for pH, clarity, gelling capacity, drug content, viscosity, and in vitro release. The developed formulations exhibited extended release of drug over a period of 8 hours in in vitro studies and therefore it could increase the residence time in eye. The optimized formulations were finally tested for its ability to cause irritation in male albino rabbits. The results indicated that the formulations did not irritate or damage the cornea, iris and conjunctiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]