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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research hopes that readers will increase their insight and understanding to international law in the context of child abduction and deportation. The issues the author encounters include what are basis of international law on for child abduction and how the law is implemented against this violation. The research method used is doctrinal legal research to analyze positive law regarding child abduction according to international law. The findings of this research include various regulations and conventions that are preventative and repressive in nature. The Geneva Convention I stipulates that acts of deportation can be recognized as genocide. Geneva Convention IV regulates the rights and obligations of humanitarian organizations in a state of war. UN 1989 regulates children’s rights. Meanwhile, the Rome Statute regulates the rights and authority of the International Criminal Court to prosecute and adjudicate on punishments towards perpetrators of such criminal acts. The research results have shown insurmountable violations on child rights through the unlawful act on deporting Ukrainian Children to Russian lands. Children have been subjected to Russian propaganda, bullying and harassment, maltreatment and unlawful adoption by Russians. President Vladimir Putin and Child Commissioner Maria LvovaBelova should be held responsible under Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the ICC for authorizing and inciting the forcible transfer of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to further examine regulations related to the Notary Supervisory Board concerning the supervision of notarial ethical codes and to assess the responsibilities of notaries in case of duty violations. The research method employed is normative, utilizing a legislative approach and descriptive analysis. The findings of the study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Notary Supervisory Board in fulfilling their duties in terms of legislation, assess the need for regulatory updates to enhance supervisory effectiveness, and evaluate the impact of notarial duty violations on parties involved in transactions or acts prepared by notaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted on industrial agriculture in Indonesia. Risk analysis was carried out based on previous research. One source of risk was obtained, namely raw materials that did not meet specifications, which was then proposed to be mitigated by evaluating supplier performance. This activity involves a lot of data, requiring efficient and effective data storage and access. The level in the simulation layout includes analysing system needs, using problem diagrams, compiling activity diagrams, deciding subprocesses, and filtering information. The analysis is carried out by comparing the use of supply chains with Blockchain and without Blockchain, which is then obtained to determine whether there is an increase. A sequentially stored data scenario describes a situation when the transaction process is in progress and is stored sequentially according to the process that occurs. Storing data in groups explains a problem when a transaction has been completed and stored in groups with similar data, making it easier to track specific data. In this regard, a simulation will be carried out using a website, namely a blockchain demo. The design stage starts with identifying system requirements, creating use case diagrams, compiling activity diagrams, determining subprocesses, and selecting information. The simulation results obtained will be analysed to determine the feasibility of Blockchain as a means of supporting risk mitigation related to data using aspects, including security, trust, traceability, sustainability, and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mortgage is one of the collateral institutions used as collateral for immovable objects, such as land or buildings. Collateral for mortgage rights is a requirement if a debtor wants to get a loan from a bank. The mortgage right will be executed by the creditor if the debtor cannot repay the loan. However, creditors can also be sued for committing unlawful acts in executing mortgage guarantees. In this case, it will be examined whether the creditor in Decision Number 95/Pdt.G/2021/PN SBY committed an unlawful act in executing the mortgage right. This research is normative legal research carried out descriptively analytically and using a statutory approach. From the results of this research, it can be seen that creditors cannot be said to have taken legal action because all the arguments for the debtor's lawsuit cannot be proven, starting from providing credit restructuring, violating standard clauses, and irregularities by creditors in granting credit. Apart from that, the lawsuit filed by the creditor does not meet the formal requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine, assess, and analyze the legal status of the Land Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) compared to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, to investigate and analyze the role of a notary in land registration implementation and reconstruction, and to identify and analyze the latest provisions regarding land ownership rights. This research utilizes a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analytical research method. The data used in this research are the disputed land cases located in Kampung Bojong Menteng, Rawalumbu District, Bekasi City, referring to the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate based on Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks jo Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG. Based on the analysis, it is discovered that Decision No. 591/PDT/2022/PT.BDG, issued on November 10, 2022, has invalidated Decision No. 571/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Bks, issued on August 8, 2022, by the Bekasi District Court. Several differences were identified, including: (1) differences regarding the disputed object; (2) differences regarding the parties involved in the dispute; and (3) differences regarding the principle of nebis in idem. These differences prove the existence of unlawful acts committed by PT. Bangun Tjipta Pratama as the owner of the Expired Building Use Rights Certificate, with unclear ownership rights over the land owned by Rekson Sitorus, and the unlawful act conducted by the Bekasi National Land Agency, which issued SHGB No. 7 as the rightful owner of the land in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure to implement medical rehabilitation or social rehabilitation for narcotics abusers causes problems, one of which is the excess capacity of prisons/detention centers in Indonesia, especially in DKI Jakarta Province, as the author gathered from General SDP data as of July 2023. This research aims to examine legal certainty for narcotics abusers/addicts. This research uses normative legal research methods with a case approach. The results of the study show that legal certainty for narcotics abusers or people with an addiction refers to the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning the Placement of Narcotics Abusers, Victims, and Addicts into Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation Institutions, which states that Judges can decide whether people with an addiction The narcotics are undergoing rehabilitation. There are 5 (five) conditions for obtaining a rehabilitation decision, as well as articles regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics regarding the possibility for narcotics abusers/addicts to be rehabilitated rather than being subject to physical imprisonment because, in reality, narcotics abusers /addicts are an addiction process that can be interpreted as a disease in every user that must be treated. Repressive social control usually takes the form of consequences for those who violate, appropriate punishment, advice, and counseling so as not to do it again, in this case, related to narcotics in the form of rehabilitation sentences and can reduce the number of prisons for abusers/ addicts if the perpetrator/addict consumes less than the Circular. Supreme Court Number 4 of 2010 and has never been charged/violated the narcotics law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are a vulnerable group that requires special protection, including in the criminal law process. This study aims to analyze the enactment of child witness testimony in examining criminal case evidence. The research method used in this research is empirical juridical research. The data collection technique in this research is a literature study exploring journals, books, laws, and other relevant information. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the enactment of child witness testimony in examining criminal case evidence is essential in the investigation, prosecution, and trial examination. However, Article 171 of the Criminal Procedure Code states that children who are not yet 15 years old and have never been married may be examined to provide information but may not be sworn in. The testimony of minors is considered incompletely accountable in criminal law. Therefore, they cannot be taken under oath or promise, and the testimony of child witnesses is only used as guidance. This is by the provisions of Article 185 paragraph (7) of the Criminal Procedure Code, which states that the testimony of witnesses who are not sworn in, even if it is by one another, does not constitute evidence. However, the testimony is the testimony of a sworn witness. In that case, it can be used as an addition to other legal evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of criminal law in dealing with criminal acts of mining without a permit certainly does not always involve criminal sanctions, but sanctions can also be applied which have the same status as criminal sanctions. This research was conducted to determine the validity of the law related to criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas, to determine the criminal liability of defendants in criminal acts of mining without permits in forest areas according to Indonesian law and to find out the application of criminal penalties by judges to defendants of criminal acts of mining without permits. in forest areas (Study Decision No. 53/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Wgw). This research method uses normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a case approach (the cash approach). The research results show that the legal validity related to criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas has been stated in Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (UU Minerba) and other applicable legislation where perpetrators who commit violations without permits will be given administrative sanctions. in the form of compensation according to the level of damage caused to the state. As well as criminal liability for defendants of criminal acts of mining without a permit in forest areas according to Indonesian law, they will be subject to criminal action in accordance with applicable legislation, such as being subject to sanctions in the form of administrative sanctions. And the application of punishment by the judge to the defendant for the crime of mining without a permit in a forest area (Study Decision No. 53/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Wgw) has been carried out as stated in Law no. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management by applying other appropriate legal bases from the laws and regulations that regulate the criminal act of mining without a permit in forest areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provisions and implementation of BJR in Indonesia and the United States need to be studied because the latest Company Laws of both countries have codified the principles of BJR generated by court practice so far where BJR elements are regulated imitatively in the Company Law and accompanied by an explanation of the concept of the core elements of BJR. The formulation of the problems in writing this journal are 1) Howare the regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in Indonesia and the United States? 2) how is the application of the business judgment rule principle as a legal protection effort against directors in Indonesia and the United States? The research method used in this journal is normative juridical research with qualitative data analysis. The results showed that 1) regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in Indonesia are regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies and OJK Regulation Number 33 / PJOK.04 / 2014 related to BJR which provides protection for directors and commissioners in carrying out their duties are sufficient. Meanwhile, regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in the United States are regulated in the MBCA 2016. 2) The application of the business judgment rule principle as an effort to protect the law against directors in Indonesia can be applied to protect directors from legal liability as long as there are no elements of fraud, conflict of interest, unlawful acts and intentional misconduct as in the case of Decision Number 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020. Meanwhile, the application of the business judgment rule principle as an effort to protect the law against directors in the United States in accordance with the scope of the directors' responsibilities as in the Disney dispute case, Delaware Supreme Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the philosophical basis of the reverse proof system for future Gratification corruption crimes and the formulation of norms for the reverse proof system for future Gratification corruption crimes. The research method used in this study is normative juridical with qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of the study are the philosophical basis of the reverse proof system for the crime of graft corruption related to bribery Article 12 B, namely that both the public prosecutor and the defendant are obliged to prove but the public prosecutor alone proves the gift received by the recipient of the gratuity while the defendant proves that the gratuity is not a bribe, has nothing to do with position and does not conflict with their duties or obligations. The construction of legal substance, which directs the formulation of reverse evidentiary norms with an emphasis on legislative policies according to the 2003 CAC as a characteristic of the combination of the hukum umum and hukum sipil legal systems as a legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)