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Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers to strike men. Diet and lifestyle appear to have a significant impact on PCa biology and carcinogenesis. PCa is the major reason of death by cancer in men. Anti-PCa qualities like growth of tumor inhibition, induction of cell death, and angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition have all been studied in depth. Phytochemicals have been demonstrated to target androgen receptor (AR) signaling as well as PCa stem cells in a selection of investigations. Marine compounds have shown potential in the treatment of PCa. It is discussed in this article, some of the most promising bioactive natural and marine compounds for PCa prevention and treatment, as well as their specific methods of action. An emphasis on specific medicine is one of the future directions in the revolutionization of bioactive natural ingredients for PCa research and therapy. Advances in nanotechnology can enhance the bioavailability and specificity of bioactive substances for cancer cells, maximizing their therapeutic potential and enhancing patient treatment. Bioactive natural compounds represent an innovative field in the study and treatment of PCa. Promising results point to their potential to block cancer pathways and improve on already effective therapeutic approaches. As we advance, modified medicine, nanotechnology, and genomics methods will be fundamental in maximizing the efficacy of these natural substances and ultimately changing the treatment of PCa. But in order to close the gap between exciting findings and therapeutic application, more study, clinical trials, and effective activities are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus infection causes significant congenital disabilities, in addition to microcephaly while an excited mother is infected during pregnancy. Mosquito vectors are the main spreaders of the zika virus which includes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. presently clear-cut and definite treatment for the zika virus is not yet available. engrossing in silico approach present study determines the active fighter constituents from aboriginal antiviral herbs to regulate the zika virus. The Lipinski rule filter was used for the Phytoconstituents to determine their molecular interactions and pharmacokinetic studies. NS5 polymerase protein (PDB ID; 5U04) and ligand interactions were determined using Schrodinger Maestro software version 12.7. The outcome displayed that Quercetin, Moupinamide, Epigallocatechin gallate, and Myricetin have sharpened synergism with the asparte active site of NS5 RdRps with docking score (-6.087, -5.838, - 5.812, -5.418 Kcal/mol). Analysing the pharmacokinetic study hydrogen bonds with 2.5 Å for target Aspartate amino acid have prime activity. the present study propounds that Quercetin can be used as an inhibitor of the Zika virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced cancer treatment remains as one of the focused areas for researchers around the world. Hence, the progress in this direction will be a challenge and an opportunity in, inter‐disciplinary field to mitigate the suffering of millions in the upcoming decades. As we see, cancer death rate has also progressively increased despite the current impressive treatment regimens but also due to the non‐availability of vaccines and the re‐occurring of cancer in substantially recovered patients. Currently, numerous treatment strategies like surgical removal of solid tumors followed by radiation with a combination of immunotherapy/chemotherapy by the researchers and clinicians are routinely being followed. However, recurrence and distant metastasis often occur following radiation therapy, commonly due to the generation of radio‐resistance through deregulation of the cell cycle, cell death, and inhibition of DNA damage repair mechanisms. Thus, chemotherapeutic/immunotherapeutic treatment systems have progressed remarkably in the latest years owing to destroying tumors, noninvasive, and affordable charge of therapy. But, traditional chemotherapeutic approaches target the DNA of mutated and normal healthy cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of toxicity and drug resistance. Thus, many receptors targeted therapies are in the developmental phase of discovery. Cancer cells have a specialized set of surface receptors that provide potential targets for cancer therapeutics. Cell surface receptor‐dependent endocytosis is well a known major mechanism for the internalization of macromolecular drugs. This review emphasizes the recent development of several surface receptors mediated cancer‐targeting approaches for the effective delivery of various therapeutic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is inevitable in production, purification, and transportation of liquid fuels. At the same time, water in fuels is a significant concern to the fuel engines as well as storage tanks. Removing water and their soluble materials from liquid fuels, like Lemon Essential Oil (LEO), Castor oil, Pungan oil, Palm oil, Engine oil (lubricating oil 20/40), and diesel is necessary to maintain the quality of fuels and to comply with legal and commercial supplies. In this present study, a defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract loaded keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel was developed for the complete removal of suspended water/moisture and water-soluble materials present in the fuel samples. Thus, a hydrophilic and highly crosslinked hydrogel was grafted for the highest water absorbing/removal from liquid fuels. In our perspective view, the best combination of synthetic and natural polymeric materials grafting hydrogel was identified via optimization technique. The experimentally optimized keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel has shown the most significant property of water-absorbing capacity. Further, the results have shown and demonstrated that defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract loaded keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel absorbed/removed ~95% water, and keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel was ~90% from fuel samples. Furthermore, the observed results indicated that defatted M. oleifera seed extract removed unwanted water-soluble materials present in the fuel samples as compared with keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Cancer is a complex neoplastic disorder. Globally, it is said to be the second leading cause of death. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the prescribing pattern, adverse drug reactions, potential drug-drug interactions and psychological distress in cancer patients. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was carried out on 65 cancer patients for 6 months at Erode Cancer Centre. Methods and Material: A socio-demographic questionnaire, Naranjo's and Hartwig's scales to evaluate the probability and severity of adverse drug reactions and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 for psychological distress were used. Potential Drug-Drug Interactions were examined by Micromedex®. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive analysis was performed and outcomes were presented in percentage. Results: Most of the study participants had carcinoma cervix 10(15.3%). The most frequently prescribed anticancer drug was cisplatin 48(73.8%). Cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin 6(46.1%) was found mostly of the 13 PDDIs identified. ADRs were commonly experienced with mucositis 18(25%), alopecia 11(15.2%) and vomiting 10(13.8%). 63(87.5%) were probable ADRs and 54(75%) were found to be moderate in severity. The overall psychological distress showed 70.7% depression, 77% anxiety and 66.1% stress. Conclusion: To prevent morbidity and mortality among cancer patients, due consideration should be provided to monitor the rational use of drugs. Proper screening of PDDIs and spontaneous reporting of ADRs can be emphasized by health care professionals with psychosocial care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Injuries are neglected significant public health problem worldwide which; requires organized efforts for prevention. The vehicle population of India constitutes only 1 percent of the world but accounts for nearly 10% of the total accidents in the world. Globalization has led to increased vehicular movements leading to unsafe roads. Materials and Method: This study aims at providing, comparison between Tamil Nadu and Kerala on the basis of Injury rates, on type of vehicle involved, type of roads and causative factor leading to road traffic crashes. In order to understand the severity of accidents and trends over time, we have collected data from various state and national reports published on various forums regarding the accidents in India, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and analyzed the data to see the trends and number of injuries over the past 3 years. Results: Between the two states, Tamil Nadu has shown high injury rates comparatively to Kerala over the period of 3 years. Though there are measures in place, somewhere there is a lack in proactive measure to stop this modern epidemic of motor vehicle trauma which shows an increase in accidents in Tamil Nadu than in Kerala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate and characterize the folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii to enhance the anticancer activity. Twenty valued bioactive compounds (3-hydroxy benzoicacid, gallicacid, chlorogenicacid, cinnamicacid, artemiseole, hydrazine carbothioamide, etc.,) are confirmed from methanol extract of K. alvarezii using analytical techniques like HPLC and GC–MS. The delivery of bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii via naturally overexpressed folate receptor (FR) to FR-positive breast cancer cells was studied. FR targeted PEGylated liposome was constructed by modified thin-film hydration technique using FA-PEG-DSPE/cholesterol/DSPC (5:40:55) and bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii was encapsulated. Their morphology, size, shape, physiological stability and drug release kinetics were studied. The study reports of K. alvarezii extract-encapsulated PEGylated liposome showed spherical shaped particles with amorphous in nature. The mean diameter of K. alvarezii extract–encapsulated PEGylated and FA-conjugated PEGylated liposomes was found to be 110 ± 6 nm and 140 ± 5 nm, respectively. Based on the stability studies, it could be confirmed that FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome was highly stable in various physiological buffer medium. FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome can steadily release the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract in acidic medium (pH 5.4). MTT assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells after 24 h with IC50 of 81 µg/mL. Also, PEGylated liposome enhanced the delivery of K. alvarezii extract in MCF-7 cells. After treatment, typical apoptotic morphology of condensed nuclei and distorted membrane bodies was picturized. Additionally, PEGylated liposome targets the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells and significantly increased the level of ROS and contributes to the damage of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Hence, PEGylated liposome could positively deliver the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract into FR-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and exhibit great potential in anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-loaded in situ gel with voriconazole drug was formulated. Further, the formulation was characterized for pH, gelling capacity, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, drug content, and viscosity. Voriconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat various infections caused by yeast or other types of fungi. Film hydration technique was used to prepared SLNs from lecithin and cholesterol. Based on the entrapment efficiency 67.2-97.3% and drug release, the optimized formulation NF1 of SLNs was incorporated into in situ gels. The in situ gels were prepared using viscosity-enhancing polymers such as Carbopol and (hydroxypropyl) methyl cellulose (HPMC). Formulated SLN in situ gel formulations were characterized, which showed pH 4.9-7.1, drug content 65.69-96.3% and viscosity (100 rpm) 120-620 cps. From the characterizations given above, F6 was optimized and evaluated for microbial assay and ocular irritation studies. Microbial assay was conducted by the cup-plate method using Candida albicans as the test organism. An ocular irritation study was conducted on albino rabbits. The results revealed that there was no ocular damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, or iris. Stability studies were carried out on the F6 formulation for 3 months, which showed that the formulation had good stability. These results indicate that the studied SLNs-loaded in situ gel is a promising vehicle for ocular delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following study was done to assess the glucose utilizing efficiency of Indoloquinoxaline derivative incorporated keratin nanoparticles (NPs) in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Indoloquinoxaline derivative had wide range of biological activities including antidiabetic activity. In this view, Indoloquinoxaline moiety containing N, N‐dimethyl (3‐fluoro‐6H‐indolo [3,2‐b] quinoxalin‐6‐yl) methanamine compound was designed and synthesized, and further it is incorporated into keratin nanoparticles. The formulated NPs, drug entrapment efficiency, releasing capacity, stability, and physicochemical properties were characterized by various spectral analyzer and obtained results of characterizations were confirmed the properties of NPs. The analysis of mechanism underlying the glucose utilization of NPs was examined through molecular docking with identified target, and observed in silico study reports shown strong interaction of NPs in the binding pockets of AMPK and PTP1B. Based on the in silico screening, the formulated NPs was performed for in vitro cellular viability and glucose uptake studies on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Interestingly, 40 μg of NPs displayed 78.2 ± 2.76% cellular viability, and no cell death was observed at lower concentrations. Further, the concentration dependent glucose utilization was observed at different concentrations of NPs in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. The results of NPs (40 μg) on glucose utilization have revealed eminent result 58.56 ± 4.54% compared to that of Metformin (10 μM) and Insulin (10 μM). The identified results clearly indicated that Indoloquinoxaline derivative incorporated keratin NPs significantly increased glucose utilization efficiency and protect the cells against the insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]