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An approach of azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix description of the formation of polarization singularities networks of object fields of optically anisotropic biological tissues is proposed. The main formation scenarios of the topological polarization-singular structure of the boundary field of networks of optically anisotropic cylinders are determined by means of computer simulation. In order to assess the polarization-singular structure of the object field of real biological tissues, an original Mueller-matrix method of statistical analysis of the number of L and C points has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of optical modeling biological tissues polycrystalline multilayer networks have been presented. Algorithms providing reconstruction of parameter distributions were determined, which enabled to describe linear and circular birefringence in these tissues. To separate manifestations of the respective mechanisms, we propose the method for space-frequency filtering. Criteria for differentiation of benign and malignant tissues of the women reproductive sphere have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offered in this paper is the model for Mueller-matrix description mechanisms responsible for optical anisotropy typical for polycrystalline layers of histological sections taken from biological tissues and for fluids - optical activity, birefringence, as well as linear and circular dichroism. Using the statistical analysis distributions quantities of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism, the objective criteria for differentiation of myocardium histological sections (determining the cause of death), films of blood plasma (liver pathology), peritoneal fluid (endometriosis of tissues of women reproductive sphere), urine (kidney disease) have been determined. From the viewpoint of probative medicine, the operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) inherent to the method of Mueller-matrix reconstruction of optical anisotropy parameters have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a "window" 2D Hilbert transform for the reconstruction of the phase distribution of the intensity of a speckle field is proposed. It is shown that the advantage of this approach consists in the invariance of a phase map to a change of the position of the kernel of transformation and in the possibility to reconstruct the structure-forming elements of the skeleton of an optical field, including singular points and saddle points. We demonstrate the possibility to reconstruct the equi-phase lines within a narrow confidence interval, and introduce an additional algorithm for solving the phase problem for random 2D intensity distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents principal approaches to diagnosing the structure forming skeleton of the complex optical field. An analysis of optical field singularity algorithms depending on intensity discretization and image resolution has been carried out. An optimal approach is chosen, which allows to bring much closer the solution of the phase problem of localization of speckle-field special points. A possible approach to diagnosing the signs of zero amplitudes has been offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]