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In this study, we evaluated antibiotic utilisation pattern at two paediatric clinics in different European (transitional) countries: Croatia (Rijeka) and Russia (Smolensk). Antibiotic utilisation during the year 2000 was observed using the ATC/defined daily doses (DDD) methodology (ATC code-J01). Drug-usage data was expressed in numbers of DDD/100 bed-days and the DU90% profile. In Rijeka, 35 different systemic antibiotics were used and in Smolensk 22. The overall consumption of antibiotic drugs in Rijeka was more than three times higher than in Smolensk (28.96 vs 8.3 DDD/100 bed-days). The top five antibiotic drugs used in Smolensk were amoxicillin, mydecamicin, ampicilin, doxycylin, gentamicin; and in Rijeka cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone, azytromycin, ceftibuten and amoxicillin. Differences in antibiotic prescribing patterns are greater than expected. The pattern of antibiotic utilisation in both countries implies that regional control measures and guidelines for antibiotic use in children should be urgently established. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the extent and pattern of inpatient and outpatient antimicrobial drug use was investigated in Rijeka, Croatia, and the impact of control measures was evaluated. Consumption of antibacterials for the years 2000 and 2001 was monitored using the ATC/DDD methodology. During the investigation period, the antimicrobial utilization at the University Hospital Center (UHC) Rijeka has decreased by 14%. In the outpatient setting of the County of Primorje and Gorski kotar, the antimicrobial utilization was similar during both years. At the UHC Rijeka, not only the amount, but the pattern of antibacterial utilization also has changed in contrast to the outpatient setting where the pattern of antimicrobial prescribing remained the same. The control measures for antibiotic use that were introduced in the outpatient setting did not influence the prescribing habit of primary care physicians, while the impact of hospital antibiotic use control measures was satisfactory. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the impact of these measures on bacterial resistance patterns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]