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Oliver Gloag, Albert Camus: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), 112pp. ISBN: 9780198792970. £8.99 (paperback). Meryl Altman, Beauvoir in Time (Leiden: Brill, 2020), x + 570pp. ISBN: 9789004431201. €142.00 (hardback); ISBN: 9789004431218 (open-access e-book). Alfred Betschart and Juliane Werner (eds), Sartre and the International Impact of Existentialism (London: Palgrave, 2020), 388pp. ISBN: 978-3-030-38481-4. $129.99 (hardback); ISBN: 9783030384845. $129.99 (paperback); 9783030384821. $99 (e-book). Alfred Betschart, Andreas Urs Sommer and Paul Stephan, Nietzsche und der Französische Existenzialismus (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022), 300pp., ISBN: 9783110760101. $126.99 (hardback); ISBN: 9783110760163. $126.99 (e-book). Nik Farrell Fox, The Parallel Philosophies of Sartre and Nietzsche: Ethics, Ontology and the Self (London: Bloomsbury, 2022), 255 pp., ISBN: 9781350248168. $143.95 (hardback); ISBN: 9781350248205. $50.35 (paperback); ISBN: 9781350248175. $115.16 (e-book). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the early manuscripts of the great authors most often becomes a process of monumentalising or (re)legitimising their work. The recent publication of two of Sartre's early manuscripts – first Empédocle (Empedocles) in 2016 and second, in 2018, his dissertation for his graduate diploma (diplôme d'études supérieures or DES), L'Image dans la vie psychologique (The Image in Psychological Life), both texts written in 1926–1927 – encourages us to propose another type of genetic reading that insists on the collective conditions of the production of knowledge, including philosophical knowledge. Such a collective genetics, applied to Sartre's intellectual formation during the interwar years, allows us to highlight some of the little-known forms of Parisian intellectual societies (the activities of the International Information Group of the École Normale Supérieure, the critical logic of the psychology journals, the regular meetings of the cenacles, and the literary and philosophical research groups). It also reveals, at the same time, the original relationship between Sartre's thought and the German literature and philosophy mediated to him by Bernard Groethuysen, Stefan Zweig and Alexandre Koyré. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the main references to the Death of God in Sartre's work (in 'Un nouveau mystique', Cahiers pour une morale, Le Diable et le bon Dieu, and Mallarmé : la lucidité et sa face d'ombre), and examines how his use of the term reveals his understanding of the development and progress of atheism in the modern world, contextualises his belief in the purity and correctness of his own version of atheism, and illustrates the persistence of his focus on God in his writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These two articles examine whether Sartre's final interviews, recorded in L'Espoir maintenant (Hope Now) indicate a final turn to God and religious belief through an overview of his engagement with the idea of God throughout his career. Part 1, published in Sartre Studies International 19, no. 1, examined Sartre's early atheism, but noted the pervasive nature of secularised Christian metaphors and concepts in his religion of letters and also the centrality of mankind's desire to be God in L'Etre et le néant (Being and Nothingness). Sartre's theoretical writings sought to refute the idea of God, but in doing so, made God paradoxically both absent and present. Part 2 considers Sartre's anti-theism and its implications for his involvement with the idea of God before examining in detail his final encounter with theism as outlined in L'Espoir maintenant, arguing that it is part of Sartre's long-term engagement with the divine, but refuting the idea that he became a theist at the end of his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This two-part article examines whether Sartre's final interviews, recorded in L'Espoir maintenant [Hope Now], indicate a final turn to belief through an overview of his engagement with the idea of God throughout his career. In Part 1 we examine Sartre's early atheism, but note the pervasive nature of secularised Christian metaphors and concepts in his religion of letters and the centrality of man's desire to be God in Being and Nothingness. His theoretical writings seek to refute the idea of God, but in doing so God is paradoxically both absent and present. In Part 2 we assess his anti-theism and consider his final encounter with theism in L'Espoir maintenant, arguing that it is part of Sartre's long-term engagement with the idea of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the aspects of genetic draft, the stochastic force induced by substitutions at one locus on the dynamics of a closely linked locus. Mean heterozygosity at a neutral locus that is linked to a strongly selected locus; Rate of fixation of advantageous mutations at a weakly selected locus linked to a strongly selected locus; Rate of substitution in several population genetics models with relatively strong selection as a function of population size.

Examines substitution process in molecular evolution. Generation of substitution process by combining models of population genetics; Introduction of a class of point processes; Comparison of the complexity of fixation process and the origination process; Description of an approximation to the fixation process.

An introduction to articles published within the issue is presented, including one which examined the lectures of French philosopher and literary critic Jean-Paul Sartre on the theory of the novel in the early 1930s demonstrating his awareness of the developments in the English, Irish and American novel, another on Sartre's early literary criticism, and one which offered a detailed phenomenological analysis of the concept of absence in relation to perception.

Arising from: J. B. Plotkin, J. Dushoff& H. B. Fraser 428, 942-945 (2004); see also communication from Nielsen et al.; Chen et al.; Plotkin et al. replyThe idea that natural selection on genes might be detected using only a single genome has been put forward by Plotkin and colleagues, who present a method that they claim can detect selection without the need for comparative data and which, if correct, would confer greater power of analysis with less information. Here we argue that their method depends on assumptions that confound their conclusions and that, even if these assumptions were valid, the authors' inferences about adaptive natural selection are unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]