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The rapidly increasing use of electronics in high-radiation environments and the continued evolution in transistor architectures and materials demand improved methods to characterize the potential damaging effects of radiation on device performance. Here, electron-beam-induced current is used to map hot-carrier transport in model metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors irradiated with a 300 KeV focused He+ beam as a localized line spanning across the gate and bulk Si. By correlating the damage to the electronic properties and combining these results with simulations, the contribution of spatially localized radiation damage on the device characteristics is obtained. This identified damage, caused by the He+ beam, is attributed to localized interfacial Pb centers and delocalized positive fixed-charges, as surmised from simulations. Comprehension of the long-term interaction and mobility of radiation-induced damage are key for future design of rad-hard devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk 14-nm FinFET technology was irradiated in a heavy-ion environment (42-MeV Si ions) to study the possibility of displacement damage (DD) in scaled technology devices, resulting in drive current degradation with increased cumulative fluence. These devices were also exposed to an electron beam, proton beam, and cobalt-60 source (gamma radiation) to further elucidate the physics of the device response. Annealing measurements show minimal to no “rebound” in the ON-state current back to its initial high value; however, the OFF-state current “rebound” was significant for gamma radiation environments. Low-temperature experiments of the heavy-ion-irradiated devices reveal increased defect concentration as the result for mobility degradation with increased fluence. Furthermore, the subthreshold slope (SS) temperature dependence uncovers a possible mechanism of increased defect bulk traps contributing to tunneling at low temperatures. Simulation work in Silvaco technology computer-aided design (TCAD) suggests that the increased OFF-state current is a total ionizing dose (TID) effect due to oxide traps in the shallow trench isolation (STI). The significant SS elongation and ON-state current degradation could only be produced when bulk traps in the channel were added. Heavy-ion irradiation on bulk 14-nm FinFETs was found to be a combination of TID and DD effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical models of family formation have assumed sexual coupling as the foundation of family life. This article proposes instead a model of family formation predicated on the processes of taking care of one another, eating together, and sharing life together. The interpersonal dynamics that distinguish a family from other close relationships are attachment, belonging, and entitlement. This process model of family formation does not presume marriage or any other form of sexual coupling to be a requirement for family formation. A case study illustrates, with implications for social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the 2008 General Social Survey to estimate the prevalence of clergy sexual advances toward adults in their congregations. Overall, 3.1 percent of women who attend religious services at least monthly reported being the object of a sexual advance by a clergyperson or religious leader in their own congregation since turning 18; 2.2 percent of regularly attending women reported a sexual advance from a married leader that did not lead to an openly acknowledged relationship. We examine differences in the prevalence of this experience by education, region, religious tradition, marital status, age, and race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers in diverse community practice settings recruit and work with volunteers from religious congregations. This article reports findings from two surveys: 7,405 congregants in 35 Protestant congregations, including 2,570 who were actively volunteering, and a follow-up survey of 946 volunteers. It compares characteristics of congregation volunteers and nonvolunteers. Volunteers tended to be married, older, more highly educated, longer term congregational members, and to score higher on all measures of faith maturity and faith practice than did nonvolunteers. Volunteers perceived their involvement as meaningful, important, and challenging. A large majority of volunteers (80 percent) reported changes in faith, attitudes and values, and behavior as results of their volunteer work. Findings provide insights into how religious individuals begin and continue to volunteer in service settings and how congregations promote high levels of community service among their members. These findings have implications for effective social work practice with congregation volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research study surveyed 946 volunteers from congregations who were actively involved in community service, as well as 3,959 other congregational attenders who were not involved in volunteer service, to understand the relationship between service learning and faith development. Findings show that service-learning is powerfully related to a mature faith and to other faith practices such as prayer, Bible study, and worship. Authors explore the characteristics of service-learning that strengthen its contribution to the faith life of volunteers. These findings have important implications for how religious educators and community leaders structure service-learning experiences. The authors conclude that leaders who want to nurture the life of faith need to consider service-learning to be at the core rather than elective in congregational life.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the problem of clergy sexual abuse with adult women. Victims and their families often seek help from Christian professionals outside the church, rendering Christian social workers and other Christian mental health professionals likely service providers in a major crisis looming before congregations and religious organizations. This article reviews resources for helping women, their families, and congregations survive the abuse of power and the betrayal of sacred trust embodied in clergy sexual abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the literature on research using teams, including interdisciplinary teams, teams that span universities and are geographically distant, and teams using qualitative and mixed methods. It reports experiences of two multi-year, externally funded, multiple-university research teams that used both qualitative and quantitative methods. It concludes with suggestions for others undertaking team-based research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the development of a survey instrument for congregations to use in assessment of the strengths, stressors, and faith behaviors of congregational families. The survey was initially conducted with 32 congregations, involving 1977 respondents and four denominations-National Baptists, Presbyterians (USA), Southern Baptists (SBC), and United Methodists. The article describes the relationship structures, interactional processes, stressors, and faith behaviors of the families surveyed and how some congregations responded to and chose to use the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the results of interviews with 110 families about their faith. These families represent the diversity of family structures present in 32 Christian congregations located in metropolitan areas in four geographic regions-the South-west, the South, the Midwest, and the Pacific Northwest. The congregations identified themselves as Southern Baptist, National Baptist, United Methodist, and Presbyterian USA. These interviews explored the meaning and experience of faith for family life. The findings suggest dimensions of family faith experiences, and the transactional relationship between individual and family faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is an evaluation of training in active listening skills as one part of a comprehensive marriage enrichment program. Nineteen couples were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups used an identical program except that in one session the experimental group was taught active listening skills. The third group was assigned to a waiting list. Those trained in the skills became significantly more accurate in their perceptions of spouses' attitudes and feelings than those in the waiting list or the other treatment group. However, this greater accuracy was not found to have any significant effect on marital adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church: Gender, Power, and Organizational Culture" by Marie Keenan.