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Access to modern forms of energy is crucial in tackling current global economic and social development problems as well as attaining environmental goals of reducing carbon emissions. However, despite increased attention from numerous organizations and governments, energy poverty remains an acute development problem: especially in developing countries where access to modern energy services is predominantly incipient. Still, until now, literature has focused primarily on broader access to electricity as well as the generation of clean energy to substitute fossil fuels. Failing to tackle the lack of basic access to modern energy for cooking and heating. In this paper, we address this gap by reviewing the problem of lack of access to modern energy for cooking and/or heating, as well as presenting empirical evidence of the effect of household lack of modern cooking fuels on economic development (using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita as indicator). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]