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An iterative correction method for the stress release coefficient, leveraging numerical simulation, has been innovatively developed to address the significant error issues associated with the blind-hole method in high-stress residual stress testing of steel structures. This method effectively reduces measurement error in high residual stress regions through a discriminant iteration process. The finite element analysis technology was employed to accurately simulate the blind-hole method's test process, and additionally, Python was utilized for customizing the secondary development of ABAQUS software, thereby automating and optimizing the method. When compared with simulation and experimental data from the welding process, the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the correction method have been verified. The proposed method eliminates the need for tedious calibration experiments inherent in traditional methods, significantly enhancing the test's automation level and convergence speed, and ensuring measurement accuracy, which provides an innovative solution for the accurate evaluation of residual stress in steel structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discus fish, Symphysodon spp., have a unique parental care strategy where the fry feed on their parents' skin mucus after hatching. Here, lipidomics was employed to compare the skin mucus lipid profiles of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care. By multivariate statistical analysis, clear separations were found between parental and non-parental female and between parental and non-parental male discus. In the comparison between female discus in the parental and non-parental stages, a total of 107 differentially expressed lipids (DELs) were observed, of which 23 showed increased levels during parental care. For male discus, a total of 108 DELs were found, of which 46 displayed increased levels during parental care. The main DELs were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, mainly involved in arachidonic acid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Further, by comparing parental male and female discus, we found 47 DELs involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Diglyceride showed a higher concentration in the skin mucus of parental females, while phospholipids showed a higher level in that of parental males. Our results revealed changes in the skin mucus lipid profiles of discus fish during parental care, as well as sex-dependent differences between parental fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is caused by the aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide ( A β ) in the patient's brain and the disorder of Ca 2 + homeostasis in neurons. Caluwé and Dupont (Theor Biol 331:12–18, 2013) proposed a deterministic AD model to explore the effect of Ca 2 + on AD. They demonstrated the positive feedback loop between A β and Ca 2 + : and the occurrence of bistability. Based on their results, we further discuss the bistable behaviors. We present two periodically feasible drug strategies to alleviate the AD and screen out more effective one. In this paper, we also formulate a stochastic AD model, analyze the existence and uniqueness of global positive solutions and establish sufficient conditions for the existence of ergodic stationary distribution. Furthermore, the confidence ellipses describing the configurational arrangement of stochastic coexistence equilibria are constructed by stochastic sensitivity function technique, and tipping threshold is estimated as well. Noise-induced stochastic switching between two coexistence equilibria is observed in bistability region. Our results provide a new idea to control noise to alleviate AD through physical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--As a significant ecological safeguard measure, the new round of returning farmland to forests project is of great ecological significance for ecological protection in Beijing and Tianjin. However, as a policy measure involving the withdrawal of farmers' cultivated land, whether it can guarantee the continuous in-crease of farmers' income and the stability of farmers' consumption is more worthy of discussion. (2) Methods--Based on the micro-panel data of 1115 farmers from 223 rural households in the "Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Treatment Project Monitoring" project from 2013 to 2017, this paper used the random effect model and the mediating effect model to study the impact of the new round of returning farmland to forests on the rural households' income and consumption and the effect mechanism on the rural households' consumption. (3) Results--The new round of returning farmland to forests significantly increased the total family income of the rural households, and had a significant positive impact on the total family income and operational income of the rural households at the level of 10%. However, the new round of returning farmland to forests did not improve the income structure of the rural households, and did not significantly affect the wage income, property income and transfer income of the rural households. The factors such as the farmers' education level and the number of migrant workers had a significant positive impact on the wage income. Overall, the income of the rural households was still dominated by operational income. The new round of returning farmland to forests significantly increased the total family consumption of the rural households, especially the basic consumption and productive consumption. However, there was no significant increase in children's education consumption, medical consumption and interpersonal communication consumption, which also indicated that the consumption structure of the rural households was still in basic consumption. The new round of returning farmland to forests had a positive impact on the rural households' consumption through the mediating variable of increasing the rural households' income, which verified the transmission mechanism that the farmers participated in the new round of returning farmland to forests to promote the increase of their income, and then affected their consumption. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, appropriately raise the subsidy standards and improve the compensation mechanism. Especially for areas prone to return to poverty and ecological functional areas, reasonable compensation standards can make up part of the losses caused by the farmers' participation in the project of returning farmland to forests. In addition, the government can implement a dynamic compensation mechanism according to the actual local situation, so that the subsidy standard is in line with the actual social and economic development situation. Second, actively promote the centralized utilization and circulation of the remaining finely fragmented land through the separation of the three rights of land. On one hand, the circulation of the fragmented land can improve the utilization rate of land, on the other hand, it can promote the flow of labor forces, so as to promote the increase of the rural households' income and the improvement of consumption structure. Third, actively implement the reform policy of forest rights, ensure clear rights to the rural households, and fully improve the promotion role of property rights income on the farmers' willingness to return farmland to forests. In addition, the farmers can also use forest rights as collateral to obtain loans to inject financial impetus into forestry production. Fourth, encourage the development of undergrowth economy and develop three-dimensional agriculture such as fruit industry, under-forest breeding industry, forage-grass planting industry, medicinal materials planting industry according to local conditions. However, while developing the corresponding undergrowth economy, we should also pay attention to the maintenance of forest nutrients, which is conducive to the sustainable and circular development of forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-How to solve the problem of forest farmers' choosing jobs after the implementation of the ecological compensation policies has become the key to realize the sustainable development of ecology and economy in the collective forest regions. (2) Methods-The research data came from the household survey conducted by the collective forest rights system reform monitoring project team in Shaanxi Province from July to August 2018, and 441 valid questionnaires were obtained. The OLS regression, intermediary effect model and propensity score matching method ( PSM) were used to analyze the relationship between ecological compensation policies, forest farmers' livelihood strategies and their income. (3) Results-From the perspective of direct effect, the impact of ecological compensation policies on forest farmers' income was significantly positive at the statistical level of 5%, and this effect was still significant after excluding ecological compensation samples or selecting only poverty-stricken counties as samples. From the perspective of mediating effect, the mediating effects of livelihood non-forestry and livelihood diversification on the impact of the ecological compensation policies on forest farmers' income were significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 15.58% and 19.08% respectively. From the perspective of heterogeneity of income effect, compared with those who did not participate in the policies, the total family forestry income of the forest farmers who participated in the policies decreased by 1544 yuan, but their non-forestry management income increased by 5881 yuan, non-forestry wage income increased by 4225 yuan. This indicated that after the forest farmers participated in the ecological compensation policies of public welfare forests, although they sacrificed part of the forest-land management rights to protect the ecological environment, which reduced their forestry income, they could change their livelihood strategies. The household surplus labor forces could increase their household income through non-forest employment and business activities in the secondary and tertiary industries. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-In order to improve the implementation performance of the ecological compensation policies for public welfare forests, the following policy suggestions are put forward : First, establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for ecological compensation of public welfare forests, regularly monitor the management status of public welfare forests in poverty-stricken regions, and reward and punish them according to the monitoring results, so as to improve the initiative of the forest farmers' policy participation. Second, improve the supporting measures of the ecological compensation policies for public welfare forests and the environment for employment and entrepreneurship in forest areas. At the same time, encourage the forest farmers to rely on public welfare forests resources for employment or entrepreneurship to revitalize forestry resources. Third, strengthen the matching assistance for the forest farmers' livelihood transformation, appropriately guide the forest farmers to develop the forest undergrowth industry, or provide employment for the poor households and create more sources of livelihood for them. Fourth, encourage the transfer of forestland property rights of public welfare forests, guide the forest farmers to transfer the abandoned lands for public welfare forests to those individuals or units with higher management level, so as to promote the rational allocation of forestland resources and rural household labor resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production mode of "high input, high yield and high waste" in the agricultural system poses a serious threat to the environment and the quality of agricultural products. Accelerating the adoption of green agricultural technology (GAT) by farmers is an emergency measure. However, according to microsurvey data, many farmers give up GAT within a year after adopting it. The implementation of this measure has been anticlimactic. Based on a survey of 1138 kiwi growers in Shaanxi Province, China, this paper builds a theoretical model and conducts empirical exercises to gain insight into the effects of perceived value, government support and their interaction with kiwi growers' sustainable application of GAT. We find that perceived value and government support have a significant impact on the sustainable application of GAT. Government support plays a moderating role in the influence of perceived value on the sustainable application of GAT. Furthermore, in order to overcome the potential endogeneity problem caused by the two-way causal relationship between subjective variables, "owning a smartphone" was selected as the instrumental variable. The 2SLS model was used for endogeneity analysis, and the OLS model was used for the robustness test. This paper discusses the relevant theories and policy implications of environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Zn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloys during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated. Uniformly distributed dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains with an average grain size of 2.7 ± 0.3 μm were obtained in the ECAPed Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy. A large number of Mg5RE phases were found to dynamically precipitate from the matrix, while the uniformly distributed dynamically recrystallized grains with an average grain size of 3.0 ± 0.3 μm were obtained in the Mg-9Gd-2Nd-1.6Zn-0.5Zr alloy. In addition, some coarse undynamically recrystallized (un-DRXed) grains existed due to the kinking of the long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. A small amount nano-β1 phases were dynamically precipitated from the matrix with the exception of the broken (MgZn)3RE and LPSO phase. The ECAPed Mg-9Gd-2Nd-1.6Zn-0.5Zr alloy expresses excellent comprehensive mechanical properties (YS = 321 MPa, UTS = 377 MPa, EL = 14.5%) compared with the Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy (YS = 317 MPa, UTS = 360 MPa, EL = 9.6%). This can be attributed to the strengthening and toughening effect of the LPSO phase, which not only makes the alloy exhibit a typical bimodal microstructure and improve the strength of the alloy, but also weakens the basal surface texture to improve the plasticity of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific evaluation of water pollution in the Yellow River Basin was directly related to the sustainable utilization of water resources and the green development of the agricultural economy in this region. In this study, we focused on the planting industry, and measured the agricultural grey water footprint of 73 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2019. We used spatial autocorrelation analysis to reveal temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics, and we used the path analysis method to study the factors influencing the temporal evolution and spatial distribution. Taking 2015 as the study period, the agricultural grey water footprint showed a trend of first rising and then falling. The values and growth rates of the agricultural grey water footprint in different regions were quite different. According to the natural breakpoint method, the agricultural grey water footprints were divided into low, middle, high, and very high groups. There were obvious spatial differences in the agricultural grey water footprints, and these differences gradually decreased. Generally, the H–L and the L–L types were dominant. From 2000 to 2019, most prefecture-level cities maintained the same transition changes as those in the neighboring regions. Crop yield, economic scale, population scale, urban and rural structure, and technological innovation were found to be the key elements of spatiotemporal variation in the agricultural grey water footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) is an ornamental fish that is well-known around the world. In artificial reproduction, they must be matched by one male and one female, whereas phenotype investigation indicated that there are no significant differences in appearance between males and females, which causes great difficulties in the mating during artificial reproduction. So, it is of great importance to establish artificial sex identification methods for the discus fish. The molecular mechanism of the sexual dimorphism of the discus fish was previously unknown. In this study, we constructed six cDNA libraries from three adult testes and three adult ovaries and performed RNA sequencing for identifying sex-biased candidate genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). A total of 50,082 non-redundant genes (unigenes) were identified, of which 18,570 unigenes were significantly overexpressed in testes, and 11,182 unigenes were significantly overexpressed in ovaries. A total of 551 miRNAs were identified, of which 47 miRNAs were differentially expressed between testes and ovaries. Eight differentially expressed unigenes, seven differentially expressed miRNAs and one non-differential miRNA were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four of these differentially expressed miRNAs and their 15 predicted target genes constituted 41 miRNA–mRNA interaction pairs, and some of vital sex-related metabolic pathways were also identified. These results revealed these differentially expressed genes and miRNAs between ovary and testis might be involved in regulating gonadal development, sex determination, gametogenesis, and physiological function maintenance, and there are complex regulatory networks between genes and miRNAs. It can help us understand the molecular mechanism of the sexual dimorphism and obtain a high-efficiency sex identification method in the artificial reproduction process of the discus fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extruded Mg–9Al–xIn alloys are systematically studied as the potential anode material for primary Mg–air batteries. In this study, the effect of grain size and second phase particles on electrochemical behavior and discharge performance of Mg–Al–In alloys with In content ranging from 0 to 1.0 wt% is investigated through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements, and half‐cell discharge tests. The results of this study indicate that the grain size of the alloy is remarkably refined to a range between 7.60 and 2.23 μm, and the distribution of the β‐Mg17Al12 phase can be effectively modified after the In element is added to the extruded Mg–9Al alloy. In addition, as the content of the In element increases, the area fraction of the second phase decreases while the size increases. The Mg–9Al–0.5In alloy is shown to have the highest discharge potential (−1.63 V) and the most negative corrosion potential (−1.51 V) among the studied alloys. In addition, the anode efficiency and power density of the Mg–9Al–0.5In alloy reaches 78.2% and 76.8 mW cm−2, respectively. The excellent discharge performance of the alloy is attributed to fine grain size, large area fraction, and dispersed micron‐sized precipitates and loose corrosion products. Consequently, these results reveal that Mg–9Al–0.5In alloy can serve as a promising anode material for Mg–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discus fish ( Symphysodon haraldi) is a well-known and economical ornamental fish. In this study, RNA-seq technology was applied to de novo assemble a gonad transcriptome of discus fish, and to discover sex-related genes. Assembly of these reads generated 115,050 transcripts, corresponding to 97,074 non-redundant unigenes, with an average length of 748 bp and N50 length of 1,531 bp. A total of 14,073 unique proteins were assigned at least one Gene Ontology ( GO) category and 52,764 unigenes involved in 345 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways were identified. More importantly, about 12 candidate genes involved in sex determination were identified. Furthermore, 10,571 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 26,083 simple sequence repeats were also detected. The results of the present study can provide basic information for examining the potential roles of sex-related genes in the sex determination of discus fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study builds a simulation of Chinese carbon sequestration market (CSM) based on the Swarm platform and complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. The simulation results represent that the total assets and profits of the carbon sequestration project (CSP) buyer and seller are steadily on the increase in the carbon trading market. The market regulatory efficiency is determined by the market investment and the improvement of regulation policy. Furthermore, the real sample simulation of Sichuan Daduhe Forest CSP demonstrates that the profit of CSP traded in the CSM is higher than the profit from the transactions of outside exchange. It implies that establishing CSM is an effective way to improve the CSP business for investors and a positive action to response to global warming as well. Finally, this study applies an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (AHPFCE) approach to evaluate the reliability of CSM simulation. It concludes that the CSM simulation is 'more creditable', which indicates that the CSM simulation results can be used as a proxy to observe the market uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal micro actuators are fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technique on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates. The sidewalls of silicon microstructure in micro actuator are used as optical interfaces with the fibers. Line edge roughness (LER) of reflective sidewalls is essential to device performance. A method is presented through analyzing high-resolution top-down scanning electron microscope (SEM) images to characterize sidewall line edge roughness (LER) of Si microstructures in thermal micro actuator, only conventional SEM scanning technique is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the broad-nosed pipefishSyngnathus typhle(Linnaeus, 1758) (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,488bp, includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition\ of \the broad-nosed pipefish is 27.72% for A, 27.81% for C, 16.53% for G, 27.94% for T and show 87% identities toSyngnathus schlegeli(GenBank: AP012318). The complete mitogenome of the broad-nosed pipefish, provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for seahorse family. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Indonesian tiger fishDatnioides microlepis(Bleeker 1854) (Perciformes: Datnioididae) has been sequencedby next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,439 bp, includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Indonesian tiger fish is 27.36% for A, 30.89% for C, 17.00% for G, 24.75% for T and show 91% identities to Mekong tiger fishDatnioides undecimradiatus(GenBank: KU870663). The complete mitogenome of the Indonesian tiger fish, provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for Datnioididae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Mekong tiger fishDatnioides undecimradiatus(Perciformes: Datnioididae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,534 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the Mekong tiger fish is 27.9% for A, 30.69% for C, 16.51% for G, 24.91% for T and show 77% identities toAnoplocapros lenticularis(GenBank accession no. NC011319.1). The complete mitogenome of the Mekong tiger fish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for Datnioididae family. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofMelanotaenia praecoxWeber and de Beaufort, 1922(Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,536 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition ofM. praecoxis 27.51% for A, 29.97% for C, 16.18% for G, 26.34% for T and shows 89% identities to Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data would provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofMelanotaenia australisCastelnau, 1875 (Atheriniformes:Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,530 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes and one putative control region. The overall base composition ofM. australisis 27.79% for A, 29.66% for C, 15.90% for G, 26.66% for T and shows 92% identities to Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data would provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the big-belly seahorse,Hippocampus abdominalis(Lesson, 1827) (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae), has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome is 16 521 bp in length which includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the seahorse is 31.1% for A, 23.6% for C, 16.0% for G, 29.3% for T and shows 87% identities similar to tiger tail seahorse,Hippocampus comes.The complete mitogenome of the big-belly seahorse provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for seahorse family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofMelanotaenia boesemani(Allen & Cross, 1980) (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 493 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition ofM. boesemaniis 27.88% for A, 29.92% for C, 15.74% for G, 26.47% for T and shows 96% identities to Lake Kutubu rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data would provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of theSymphysodon aequifasciatushas been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 545 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the fish is 28.8% for A, 30.1% for C, 15.0% for G, and 26.1% for T, suggesting a 99% identity toS. discusHeckel and a 98% identity toS. haraldi.It provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis forSymphysodonphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The midas cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus) is an important aquarium fish that has served as a model organism for studying sympatric speciation. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the midas cichlid. We report that the cichlid’s mitochondrial genome is a circular DNA double strand of 16,521 bp length, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. The overall-base compositions of the H-strand are as follows: A, 28.56%; C, 30.69%; G, 15.11%; T, 25.64%. This study provides important genomic data to further the research of the genetic evolution of cichlids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence ofProtomelas annectensRegan 1922 has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 583 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 control region. The overall base composition ofP. annectens is 27.41% for A, 30.07% for C, 15.88% for G, 26.64% for T and shows 94% identity to threadfin cichlid,Petrochromis trewavasae.These data will provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Cichlidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofGlossolepis incisus(Weber 1907) (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 529 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition ofG. incisusis 27.51% for A, 30.04% for C, 16.06% for G, 26.39% for T and showS 91% identities to Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data will provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of theSymphysodon haraldi(Schultz, 1960) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 543 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the fish is 28.8% for A, 30.1% for C, 15.0% for G, and 26.1% for T, suggesting a 97% identity toS. discusHeckel. It provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis forSymphysodonphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the altum angelfishPterophyllum altum(Pellegrin, 1903) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 495 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition ofP. altumis 27.5% for A, 30.3% for C, 15.5% for G, and 26.7% for T, which shows a 92% identity toP. scalare.The complete mitogenome of theP. altumprovides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for the genusPterophyllumphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofSymphysodon discusHeckel was 16 544 bp in length, consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rRNA genes, and a control region or displacement loop (D-loop). With the exception of 8 tRNAs and ND6 genes, the others were encoded on H-strand. The base composition on H-strand was 30.04% C, 28.39% A, 26.49% T and 15.07% G, exhibiting an A + T rich pattern. The codon usage was consistent with the other vertebrate mitochondrial pattern, i.e. start codon is ATG or GTG and stop codons are TAA, TAG or T– –. Stop codon TAG was only found in the ND6. There were 8 regions of gene overlapped with the length of 26 bp in total and 12 intergenic spacer regions (99 bp in total). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia parkinsoni(Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome is 16 529 bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Parkinson's Rainbowfish is 28.1% A, 29.7% C, 15.7% G, 26.5% T and shows 93% identity with Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,M. lacustris.The complete mitogenome of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for Rainbowfish phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Redhead cichlid (Vieja synspila) is an important aquarium fish and a useful phylogenetic organism of the Cichlidae family. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the Redhead cichlid for the first time. The mitogenome (16,543 bp) had the typical mitochondrial characteristics of other cichlid fish, including 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, two rRNA genes and one putative control region. This sequence will be helpful in studying the phylogenetic relationships between cichlid fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]