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Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A study was carried out in the Floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru from 2022-2024 on 'Effect of gamma irradiation on vegetative and floral traits in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.)'. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments replicated thrice. Six gamma doses i.e., 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy and control (untreated) as treatments were imposed on seeds of marigold. In M1 generation, maximum plant height (19.50, 21.50 and 24.50 cm), number of primary branches per plant (4.50, 5.50 and 6.57), number of secondary branches per plant (13.50, 18.50 and 22.50), plant spread at EW (10.50, 14.60 and 18.50 cm), plant spread at NS (12.70, 14.67 and 20.50 cm) was recorded by 50 Gy gamma ray dosage at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, respectively. Minimum days taken for flower bud initiation (36.27), days to fifty per cent flowering (82.60), days taken for full flowering (90.50), maximum flower size (5.07 cm), shelf life (2.17 days), number of flowers per plant (19.50), fresh weight of flowers 10 in (g) (330), fresh weight of flower per m-2 (g) (3960), fresh weight of flower per hectare (t/ha) (16.30) were recorded at 50 Gy. Among all the treatments 50 Gy had performed better over other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correct cultivation technique supported by scientific evidence that leads to high-quality standards can promote sustainable floriculture. It is urgent to find alternative solutions to the widely used chemical fertilizers and evaluate the effectiveness of other fertilizers. The liquid organic ones, already in use in organic vegetable farming, could be a good substitute if supplied together with growth-promoting products such as microbial biostimulants. In the hope of replacing the traditional chemicals with a more sustainable organic-based fertilization, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of a microbial biostimulant and various combinations of organic and mineral fertilization on morphological characteristics and physiological parameters of Tagetes patula L. and Ageratum houstonianum Mill. The plants were grown in pots with a substrate inoculated or not with the microbial biostimulant and were fertigated with nutrient solutions at different concentrations of elements from mineral and/or organic sources. Six fertilization formulas were adopted: control (only water without fertilizer), 100% mineral fertilization, 50% mineral fertilization, 100% organic fertilization, 50% organic fertilization, and 50% mineral + 50% organic fertilization. For the organic fertilization, a commercial liquid fertilizer admitted in organic farming with 3-2-5.5 NPK with 3% organic nitrogen was used. Mineral fertilization was formulated to match the organic solution as closely as possible. We observed an improvement in ornamental value (stem diameter and shoot number) with the biostimulant inoculum. Generally, the 50% mineral and 50% organic fertilization did not negatively influence the morphological characteristics. The reduction by 50% in the mineral nutrients and the integration of this reduction with an organic fertilizer was feasible to produce potted plants of these species during spring in the Mediterranean area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) is a valuable source of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. The study was aimed at developing a quantitative determination method for total flavonoid content (TFC) in the aerial part of French marigold harvested after collecting flowers. The proposed method was based on differential spectrophotometry using rutin reference standard at analytical wavelength 412 nm. The TFC in the herb samples varied from 1.68 ± 0.05% to 2.94 ± 0.05% (recalculated as rutin). The mean error of a single TFC determination at confidence probability 95% was ± 3.86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils of Tagetes patula L. and Tagetes erecta L. from dried aerial parts (leaves and flowers) grown in Iran were obtained by hydro-distillation assay. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The essential oil contents of T. patula and T. erecta were 0.57 and 0.48 % (w/w), respectively. In total, 38 and 40 different compounds were identified representing 93 and 90 % of total essential oils from T. patula and T. erecta, respectively. The major compounds of T. patula essential oil were β-caryophyllene (24.53 %), piperitenone (10.96 %), piperitone (9.66 %), and α-terpinolene (7.62 %). The T. erecta essential oil was characterized by neophytadiene (17.22 %), piperitone (12.52 %), β-caryophyllene (8.7 %), and trans-phytol (7.59 %). This is the first report of neophytadiene as the main compound in T. erecta an important new compound in this plant. Our findings suggested that the essential oil of these herbs due to different constituents can be used by the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar, a carbon-rich material resulting from pyrolysation, is one of the proposed alternatives as a substrate component to peat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ratios of peat substitution with a locally available hardwood biochar on the chemical characteristics of growing media, seed germination, plant morphological and nutritional parameters of Tagetes patula. Experimental results show that biochar can be used as a partial peat replacement, showing a complementary liming effect, rising the initial pH of peat (2.8) to values of 4.5 and 7.3 in mixtures with 50% and 75% substitution of peat by biochar, respectively. The mixture with a 50% biochar rate exhibited the strongest change between initial and final pH, rising from 4.5 to 5.7. Increasing content of biochar in the mixtures corresponded to increasing content of total K, Ca, Mg, available K and decreasing level of available Mg. The highest germination percentage was observed in the mixtures with biochar rates from 50% to 100%. Among all substrates, the greatest plant diameter, true leaf area and total root length were measured in the 50% peat substitution mixture, where the highest contents of P, K and Ca in plant shoots were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, we have developed a protocol for rapid and successful induction of haploids in Tagetes spp. using in vitro androgenesis techniques. Various factors affecting the in vitro androgenesis response in Tagetes spp. were optimised. At first, a correlation was established between floret size/bud size and stage of microspore development in different genotypes of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula. The floret size of 3.5–4.0 mm (French marigold) and 3.0–3.5 mm (African marigold) contained the highest percent of microspores at early-uninucleate to early-binucleate stage. The frequency of shoot formation from anthers ranged from 0 to 78.6% in T. patula cv. Pusa Arpita and 0 to 63.9% in T. erecta cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda. The French marigold cultivars exhibited higher androgenic response over the African marigold cultivars. The effects of basal media, plant growth regulator combinations and sucrose concentration for direct differentiation of shoot buds and haploid induction were studied. Marigold anthers cultured on newly formulated EMS1 basal media (enriched with coconut water, AgNO3, PVP etc.) exhibited a very high androgenic response over the other commercially available media. We have also optimised the cold temperature pre-treatments and culture condition for high frequency androgenesis in marigold. Ten days cold pre-treated anthers along with 20 days dark incubation of cultures proved highly beneficial for haploid induction. Among a total of 424 anther-regenerants, 56 plants were randomly selected for flow cytometry and cytological analysis. The ploidy analysis revealed 14.3% of anther regenerants as dihaploids, 66.1% as tetraploid (similar to donor mother plant) and 19.6% as polyploid. The determination of ploidy level by counting the number of chloroplast in stomatal guard cells of marigold was also established for rapid screening of haploids. The identified haploids were successfully diploidised and are being utilised in the hybrid breeding programme at our institute. The developed protocol will facilitate doubled haploids based breeding in Tagetes spp. Key message: This is the first report of successful induction of haploids in Tagetes spp. using in vitro androgenesis techniques. We have studied various factors affecting the in vitro androgenesis response in Tagetes spp. A correlation was established between floret size/ bud size and stage of microspore development in different genotypes of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula. Basal media and cultural conditions were optimised for high frequency androgenesis in marigold. Haploids were successfully induced and their ploidy level was assessed through flowcytometry and cytological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, French marigold's leaf and flower were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in order to explore their potentials towards bioreduction of Ag+ to Agᵒ. The as‐synthesised SNPs were characterised using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta‐potential analysis. The results obtained showed that the particles are polydispersed with sizes in the range 15.8–42.8 nm. The bioreduction was believed to be due to the amides, aldehyde functional groups, and essential oils present in the extracts as confirmed by the FTIR analysis. The growth mechanism involved in the reaction was studied which revealed oriented attachment (OA) onwards Ostwald ripening in the case of the flower‐mediated synthesis and typical OA in the leaf‐mediated synthesis. The studied kinetics of the particle formation showed that the reaction is possibly a pseudo‐first‐order reaction with some diffusion‐controlled mechanism which is driven by high surface area to volume ratio in both the leaf‐ and flower‐mediated synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is presenting results from an experiment with two well-known dye plants and their interaction with different types of textile fibres. Briefly, fresh and dry inflorescences of Tagetes patula and dry inflorescences of Tanacetum vulgare were used for the preparation of a dyeing bath. Then, different samples of cloth (made from natural plant fibres (wool), artificial fibres (sloter and ortalion), both artificial and plant fibres (canvas) and natural animal fibres (wool)) were immersed into the hot dyeing baths. Results showed that both chosen plant species are suitable for textile dyeing, but they differ in colour density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten genotypes of French marigold were evaluated for extraction of pigments like carotenes, xanthophylls and chlorophylls at Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. This study was aimed at finding out some suitable genotypes of French marigold having higher recovery of carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments. Flowers were plucked at full bloom stage and kept in open space at ambient conditions. Column chromatography method was employed to extract natural pigments. Maximum total carotenes (69.83 mg/100 g), xanthophylls (305.48 mg/100 g) and di-hydroxy pigments (171.55 mg/100 g) were recorded in genotype 109-1-2, while maximum mono-hydroxy pigments were reported in genotype 26-3-1 (107.82 mg/100 g) followed by genotype 8-2 (104.99 mg/100 g). Chlorophyll 'a' was found higher in genotype 26-2-2 (3.68 mg/100 g) followed by genotype 26-3-1 (3.39 mg/100 g), while chlorophyll 'b' (6.16 mg/100 g) and total chlorophyll (9.48 mg/100 g) were recorded higher in genotype 26-2-2-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science, Nature, Technologies / Nauka, Przyroda, Technologie is the property of Science Nature Technologies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Tagetes patula Linn. (Asteraceae) (French Marigold) flowers are used by local practitioners for cancer treatment; however, it lacks scientific justification. Objective: Identification of bioactive compounds in T. patula flower for cytotoxic and growth inhibition in human cancer cell lines along with its antioxidant properties using chemical and cell based systems. Materials and methods: The T. patula flower methanol extract, its seven fractions, and three phenolic compounds including methyl protocatechuate ( 1), patuletin ( 2), and patulitrin ( 3) were evaluated using sulforhodamine-B assay against HeLa, HT-144, NCI-H460, MCF-7, PC-3, and SF-268 human cancer cell lines. In parallel, antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemical (DPPH·, deoxyribose, and lipid peroxidation assays) and cell-based chemiluminescence systems (human neutrophils and mice macrophages). Results: The methanol extract and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction exhibited cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects against HeLa in which 2 exhibited highest cell growth inhibition (GI50: 0.6 ± 0.1 µg/ml) and cytotoxicity (LC50: 2.5 ± 0.1 µg/ml). It also scavenged LOO· (IC50: 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/ml) and (IC50: 27.5 ± 1.3 μg/ml) in chemical systems and human neutrophils, respectively. However, 1 preferably scavenged H2O2-Cl− (IC50: 0.5 ± 0.01 μg/ml) in mice macrophages. Discussion and conclusion: Compound 2 from T. patula flower exhibited both growth inhibitory and cytotoxic properties while 1 and 3 were only growth inhibitory against HeLa. 1- 3 also displayed antioxidant properties implying its probable role in growth inhibition/cytotoxic action. The present study provides scientific evidence for the use of T. patula flower in cancer treatment by traditional healer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Field & Vegetable Crops Research / Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo is the property of Institute of Field & Vegetable Crops and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alternaria cosmosa and Alternaria patula are seed-borne pathogens of Cosmos sulfurous Cav. (yellow cosmos) and Tagetes patula L. (French marigold), respectively. Bacterial strains were isolated from the two hosts to compare their potential to control the Alternaria species with the control provided by the fungicides, prochloraz and pyrifenox. Eight of 73 strains (11%) from C. sulfurous and four of the 128 (3%) from T. patula were found to be effective antagonists by in vitro screening. The efficacy of these active strains as antagonists of the two seed-borne pathogens was evaluated in laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments. The most effective strains, Cb 6 from C. sulfurous and strain TpE 1 from T. patula, were both identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and were able to reduce disease severity as seed or foliar treatments of their respective host in most experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on growth of Tagetes patula hairy root cukltures and secondary product formation are presented. The biosynthesis of thiophenes, sulfurous compounds with nematicidal activity, was inhibited by IAA application, as was evident from a decrease of [35S] sulfur incorporation. The inhibition only occurred after the roots cultured in the absence of IAA, there was no significant correlation between branching and thiophene accumulation. Therefore, development of lateral roots is not a sufficient condition for a low capacity to synthesize thiophenes. The highest rate of thiophene accumulation in the roots is found during the late exponential growth phase, when the weight increase of a root culture is at its maximum. Hence, growth and the production of thiophenes appear to be compatible in T. patua hairy roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower strips of French Marigold are commonly used pest repellents in potato fields. However, the effect of French Marigold volatiles on potato metabolism, physiology and induced defense is unknown. Thus, a microarray transcriptome analysis was performed to study the effects of French Marigold essential oil (EO) on laboratory-grown potato. After 8 h of exposure to EO, with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-detected terpinolene and limonene as dominant compounds, 2796 transcripts were differentially expressed with fold change >2 compared to expression in controls. A slightly higher number of transcripts had suppressed expression (1493 down- vs. 1303 up-regulated). Since transcripts, annotated to different photosynthesis-related processes, were mostly down-regulated, we selected a set of 10 genes involved in the leaf starch metabolism pathway, and validated microarray patterns using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Except for decreased synthesis and induced decomposition of starch granule in leaves, 8 h long EO exposure slightly elevated the accumulation of sucrose compared to glucose and fructose in subjected potato plants. An in vitro feeding bioassay with Colorado potato beetle showed that EO-induced alternations on transcriptional level and in the sugars' metabolism caused the enhancement of feeding behavior and overall development of the tested larvae. Results of comprehensive analysis of transcriptional responses in potato exposed to French Marigold EO provide a basis for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying eco-physiological interactions in companion planting cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]