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Arsenic-containing SbCl3 solution is a typical leachate in the extraction of antimony from antimony ores and smelting residues. Efficiently controlling the hydrolysis behavior of antimony and arsenic is crucial for obtaining target antimony products and remove impurity arsenic. This study mainly investigates the hydrolysis behavior of arsenic and antimony in arsenic-containing SbCl3 solution by manipulating As(III)/As(V) concentration, temperature, the hydrolysis ratio and Cl− concentration. Meanwhile, the composition and phase transformation mechanism of hydrolysates are analyzed. The results reveal that during the hydrolysis of Sb(III), As(III) almost does not hydrolyze, while As(V) hydrolyzes concurrently with Sb(III). With increasing As(V) concentration, the hydrolysates of Sb(III) shift from crystalline Sb4O5Cl2 to Sb8O8(OH)6·xCl2 and finally to amorphous arsenate antimonates. Furthermore, the increase of the hydrolysis ratio promotes the phase transformation of the hydrolysates from Sb4O5Cl2 to Sb8O8(OH)6·xCl2, while elevated temperature inhibits the occurrence of this transformation. Variation of Cl− concentration will not have a significant impact on the hydrolysis process and the phase of the hydrolysates. According to the composition of hydrolysates, for obtaining antimony hydrolysates with lower As(V) content, it is recommended to minimize the As(V) concentration, control a moderate hydrolysis ratio (1:8–1:12) and increase the hydrolysis temperature during the hydrolysis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is highly prone to metastasis. OS can metastasize to the lymph node (LN) through the lymphatics, and the metastasis of tumor cells reestablishes the immune landscape of the LN, which is conducive to the growth of tumor cells. However, the mechanism of LN metastasis of osteosarcoma and remodeling of the metastatic lymph node (MLN) microenvironment is not clear. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing of 18 samples from paracancerous, primary tumor, and lymph nodes was performed. Then, new signaling axes closely related to metastasis were identified using bioinformatics, in vitro experiments, and immunohistochemistry. The mechanism of remodeling of the LN microenvironment in tumor cells was investigated by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. Results: From 18 single-cell sequencing samples, we obtained 117,964 cells. The pseudotime analysis revealed that osteoblast(OB) cells may follow a differentiation path from paracancerous tissue (PC) → primary tumor (PT) → MLN or from PC → PT, during the process of LN metastasis. Next, in combination of bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo experiments, and immunohistochemistry, we determined that ETS2/IBSP, a new signal axis, might promote LN metastasis. Finally, single-cell and spatial dissection uncovered that OS cells could reshape the microenvironment of LN by interacting with various cell components, such as myeloid, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and NK/T cells. Conclusions: Collectively, our research revealed a new molecular mechanism of LN metastasis and clarified how OS cells influenced the LN microenvironment, which might provide new insight for blocking LN metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Function of survivin protein (encoded by BIRC5) in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of osteosarcoma (OS) has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to determine whether the expression of survivin protein of CTCs is associated with circulating immune cell infiltration and disease prognosis of OS. Methods: Blood samples of 20 patients with OS were collected. CanPatrol™ CTC enrichment technology combined with in situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to enrich and test CTCs and survivin protein. Bioinformation analysis combined with data of routine blood test was used to verify the association between survivin and immune cell infiltration in circulatory system. To screen independent prognostic factors, Kaplan–Meier survival curve, univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that BIRC5 was strongly negatively related to lymphocyte, including T cell, NK cell and B cell, which released that BIRC5 played a key role in immune escape via reducing immune cell infiltration in circulatory system. Meanwhile, the number of survivin+ CTCs was significantly negatively connection with lymphocyte count (R = −0.56, p = 0.011), which was consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the overall survival rate in high survivin+ CTCs group was significantly lower than low group (88.9% vs 36.4%, p = 0.04). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that survivin+ CTCs were an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.019). Conclusion: These findings suggested that survivin protein played a key role in immune escape of CTCs and the presence of survivin+ CTCs might be a promising prognostic factor in OS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored a highly selective and efficient oxidation system for the recovery of rhenium resources from Re-rich arsenic sulfide slag containing significant quantities of arsenic. The effects of H2O2 dosage, initial H2SO4 concentration and leaching temperature on the Re, As and Bi extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. The results demonstrated that under the most favorable conditions of 20 mL H2O2, 70°C, 0.25 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution, the Re extraction efficiency can reach 99.2%. The phase transitions of the main constituents of the slag, Re, As and Bi were analyzed. ReS2 and Re2S7 in the Re-rich arsenic sulfide slag were transformed to ReO4−, impelling Re to enter the leachate. Bi and As were oxidized and entered the leachate in ionic form under a limited H2O2 dosage. As the H2O2 dosage increased, the concentration of Bi and As in the leachate reached a threshold value and transformed to stable BiAsO4, resulting in the attenuation of As and Bi extraction efficiency. This process considerably promoted the selective leaching of Re and the separation of Re from As and Bi. Kinetic analysis shows that the leaching process is controlled by chemical reaction with an apparent activation energy of 29.05 kJ mol−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoclasts (OCs) and regulatory CD4+ T cells (CD4+Tregs) are important components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma. In this study, we collected six osteosarcoma samples from our previous study (GSE162454). We also integrated a public database (GSE152048), which included single cell sequencing data of 11 osteosarcoma patients. We obtained 138,192 cells and then successfully identified OCs and CD4+Tregs. Based on the interaction gene set between OCs and CD4+Tregs, patients from GSE21257 were distinguished into two clusters by consensus clustering analysis. Both the tumor immune microenvironment and survival prognosis between the two clusters were significantly different. Subsequently, five model genes were identified by protein–protein interaction network based on differentially upregulated genes of cluster 2. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to detect their expression in human osteoblast and osteosarcoma cells. A prognostic model was successfully established using these five genes. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis found that patients in the high‐risk group had worse survival (p = 0.029). Therefore, our study first found that cell–cell communication between OCs and CD4+Tregs significantly alters TME and is connected to poor prognosis of OS. The model we constructed can accurately predict prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor with high malignancy and the mechanism of hematogenous metastasis in OS is still not clear. The plasma exosomes derived from osteosarcoma play a key role in the process of tumor metastasis. Here, we established RNA-seq dataset for lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs in plasma exosomes from 10 OS patients and 5 healthy donors. A total of 329.52 Gb of clean data was obtained. Besides, 1754 lincRNAs, 7096 known and 1935 new circRNA was identified. Finally, gene expression profiles and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed among these 15 samples. There were 331 DEGs of mRNA, 132 of lincRNA and 489 of circRNA was obtained, respectively. This data set provides a significant resource for relevant researchers to excavate potential dysregulated lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs of plasma exosomes in OS versus normal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary cancer in the skeletal system, characterized by a high incidence of lung metastasis, local recurrence and death. Systemic treatment of this aggressive cancer has not improved significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy regimens, underscoring a critical need for new treatment strategies. TRAIL receptors have long been proposed to be therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, but their role in osteosarcoma remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of four TRAIL receptors in human OS cells using total RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). The results revealed that TNFRSF10B and TNFRSF10D but not TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10C are differentially expressed in human OS cells as compared to normal cells. At the single cell level by scRNA-seq analyses, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10C are most abundantly expressed in endothelial cells of OS tissues among nine distinct cell clusters. Notably, in osteoblastic OS cells, TNFRSF10B is most abundantly expressed, followed by TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10C. Similarly, in an OS cell line U2-OS using RNA-seq, TNFRSF10B is most abundantly expressed, followed by TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10C. According to the TARGET online database, poor patient outcomes were associated with low expression of TNFRSF10C. These results could provide a new perspective to design novel therapeutic targets of TRAIL receptors for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OS and other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmological features of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE), a recent generalization of original Holographic dark energy with a richer structure, are studied in the context of Finsler–Randers universe, where the Hubble horizon is considered as the IR cutoff. Following this setup, we derive the evolution equation for the Barrow holographic dark energy-density parameter, the equation-of-state (EoS) parameter and deceleration parameter. As a result of our study, it is obtained that the model is able to describe the currently accelerating universe in both noninteractive and interactive scenarios, and that the development of the deceleration phase over to the acceleration phase also occurs later in this case. Furthermore, we discuss the statefinder diagnosis of this model, while plotting r and s versus redshift z and the evolutionary trajectories of { r , s }. We find that the statefinder is not only superior in breaking the parsimony of the different coupling parameter values in this model, but also clearly distinguishes between the Barrow holographic dark energy model and the Λ CDM model. In addition, we find that the statefinder pair performs slightly worse than { r , s } for both { r , z } and { s , z } in this model. Finally, we show that the distance modulus of the theoretical model is compared with the observed data of Ia supernovae, and it is found that the theoretical model is in good agreement with the observed data. Our model satisfactorily explains the present history of the universe, thus providing a good candidate for dark energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. To this day, the expression and mechanism of circRNA in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. We previously found that circ_0001060 was highly expressed in OS tumor tissues. In this work, we identified that high level expression of circ_0001060 was significantly associated with late clinical stage, larger tumor volume, higher frequency of metastasis, and poor prognosis in OS patients. Furthermore, we confirmed that silencing circ_0001060 inhibited the proliferation and migration of OS cell. Using bioinformatics analysis, we built three circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules (circ_0001060-miR-203a-5p-TRIM21, circ_0001060-miR-208b-5p-MAP3K5, and circ_0001060-miR-203a-5p-PRKX), suggesting that these signaling axes may be involved in the inhibitory effect of circ_0001060 on OS. To sum up, circ_0001060 is a novel tumor biomarker for OS as well as a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper further studies the cosmological evolution and geometry diagnosis of Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) in the DGP braneworld, specifically, by choosing the interaction between dark energy and dark matter item. Q 1 = 3 H ξ ρ de , Q 2 = 3 H ξ ρ dm , Q 3 = 3 H ξ ρ de 2 / (ρ de + ρ dm ) , Q 4 = 3 H ξ ρ dm 2 / (ρ de + ρ dm ) are discussed in the case of no interaction and four different interactions, the evolution laws of energy density parameters, deceleration parameters and EOS (equation of state) parameters of Barrow holographic dark energy. The results show that the Barrow holographic dark energy in the DGP braneworld conforms to the current cosmic evolution rule, already achieved the universe main ingredients from matter to the transition of energy, and explains the problem of cosmic acceleration. Further, in order to distinguish between the model and Λ CDM model, this paper also geometrically diagnoses the model with the two ways of Statefinder hierarchy and Om (z). From their respective evolution image you can see, these two kinds of diagnosis methods can not only distinguish different from Λ CDM model, but also can intuitively reflect the coupling parameters that can significantly affect the dark energy model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the Rényi holographic dark energy model with the interaction between dark energy and dark matter within the framework of the fractal cosmology in which the Hubble horizon is considered as the IR cutoff. In this setting, we derive the evolution equation of the Rényi holographic dark energy density parameter, the equation of state (EoS) parameter and deceleration parameter. We find that the model in the fractal cosmology can explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. In addition, we discuss the statefinder diagnosis of this model, plotting the curves of r and s with redshift z and the evolutionary trajectories of r − s. We find that statefinder can ideally break the degeneracy of different coupling parameter values in this model. Moreover, we find that the statefinder pair S 3 (2) performs better than S 3 (1) and r − s in this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies contracted by nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) long non-coding RNA, localised in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. Paraspeckles have been critically involved in tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. To this date, there are limited findings to suggest that paraspeckles, NEAT1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) directly or indirectly play roles in osteosarcoma progression. Herein, we analysed NEAT1, paraspeckle proteins (SFPQ, PSPC1 and NONO) and hnRNP members (HNRNPK, HNRNPM, HNRNPR and HNRNPD) gene expression in 6 osteosarcoma tumour tissues using the single-cell RNA-sequencing method. The normalised data highlighted that the paraspeckles transcripts were highly abundant in osteoblastic OS cells, except NEAT1, which was highly expressed in myeloid cell 1 and 2 subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper telluride slag from copper smelting process is an important source of tellurium (Te). In this work, an efficient and economical hydrometallurgical process for extracting Te from copper telluride slag was proposed. First, H2SO4 and NaClO3 were demonstrated to be effective for separating Te and Cu, and the leaching efficiency of Cu(II) reached 99.44 pct, while that of Te(IV) was only 3.00 pct. Tellurium oxide in the oxidative acid leaching residue was dissolved in NaOH solution, and Na2S was added as precipitant to purify alkali leaching solution. Valuable metals (Bi, Se, Pb, Sb, Ag, Au) were enriched in alkaline leaching residue. Furthermore, the separation of Te and Se was realized by adding H2O2 in alkali leaching solution, the precipitation efficiency of Te(VI) was up to 99.43 pct. Finally, Te(VI) was reduced by Na2S-Na2SO3, and the reduction efficiency was 99.85 pct under optimized conditions. The results show that 96.18 pct of Te can be extracted as elemental Te powder with a purity of 99.98 pct, indicating that the process achieves an efficient extraction efficiency of Te from copper telluride slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar power satellite (SPS) is a kind of large-scale on-orbit servicing spacecraft collecting solar energy in space and transmitting energy to the earth. The solar arrays of the SPS must point to the sun to collect enough solar energy and the antenna must point to the rectenna on the ground to transmit energy. But due to the limitation of the control effort, accurate solar and earth orientation may not be achieved. This paper focuses on the MR-SPS, and establishes the attitude kinematics and dynamics model of a MW-level MR-SPS. Angular trajectory based on Bezier shaping approach is generated at different time of a year to satisfy the control constraints. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Even if the control torque is limited to a small amount, the optimal angular trajectory can still ensure high average energy receiving efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs have been reported to be closely related to the oncogenesis and development of osteosarcoma. However, the role of a dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteosarcoma in the same individual needs to be further investigated. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the tumour tissues and matched paratumour tissues of three patients with confirmed osteosarcoma. Two divergent lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed in accordance with their biological significance. The GO and KEGG analysis results of the mRNAs in the two networks revealed that the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were involved in regulating bone growth and development, epithelial cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and the N-terminal acetylation of proteins. The survival analysis results of the two networks showed that patients with high expression of GALNT3, FAM91A1, STC2 and SLC7A1 end in poorer prognosis. Likewise, patients with low expression of IGF2, BLCAP, ZBTB47, THRB, PKIA and MITF also had poor prognosis. A subnetwork was then constructed to demonstrate the key genes regulated by aberrantly expressed lncRNAs at the posttranscriptional level via the ceRNA network. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in osteosarcoma tissues regulate genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and the cell cycle via the ceRNA network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma is a common solid malignancy of the bone in children and adolescents, and its metastasis and recurrence are the principal causes of poor treatment outcomes. Methods: Autophagy-related genes were used to cluster osteosarcoma patients by consensus clustering analysis using the GSE21257 database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package. Multiple-gene risk signature was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and Cox regression analyses. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine gene expression levels. Then, single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset GSE152048 were used to identify the correlation between the DEGs and effector molecules expressed in specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Results: Two clusters were identified in the consensus clustering analysis, which were confirmed by principal component analysis. Limma analysis revealed that 15 genes were related, and 9 genes were screened using protein-protein interaction network and LASSO regression analysis. Cox regression analyses identified 5 genes. Combined with survival analysis, only the autophagy related 16 like 1 gene (ATG16L1) was significant. The results of qRT-PCR showed low expression levels of ATG16L1 in tumor cells group. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significantly lower expression of CD8+ T cells in the high ATG16L1 gene expression group. ScRNA-seq revealed that in the ATG16L1+CD8+ T cell group, the expression of GZMB was lower, whereas the expression of ITGA1 was higher. These results showed that ATG16L 1 is an immune-related gene, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Conclusion: ATG16L1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and immune signature and may be a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the cosmological consequences of Rényi holographic dark energy model in the framework of the Finsler–Randers cosmology in which the Hubble horizon is considered as the IR cutoff. In this setup, we derive the evolution equation for the Rényi holographic dark energy density parameter, the equation of state (EoS) parameter and deceleration parameter. Our study shows that this model can describe the current accelerating universe in both noninteracting and interacting scenarios, and also a transition occurs from the deceleration phase to the accelerated phase at the late-time. Moreover, we discuss the statefinder diagnosis of this model, meanwhile, plot the curves of r and s versus redshift z and the evolutionary trajectories of { r , s }. We find that statefinder can not only break the degeneracy of different coupling parameter values in this model, but also effectively distinguish the difference between the Rényi holographic dark energy model and the Λ CDM model. In addition, we find that the statefinder pair { r , s } performs better than { r , z } and { s , z } in this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is benign tumor that can cause significant osteolysis and bone destruction at the epiphysis of long bones. Osteoclasts are thought to be highly associated with osteolysis in GCTB. However, the migration of osteoclasts in GCTB remains unclear. A deeper understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment is required in order to delineate the migration of osteoclasts in GCTB. In this study, samples were isolated from one patient diagnosed with GCTB. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to detect the heterogeneity of GCTB. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the cell subtypes identified by scRNA-seq. A total of 8,033 cells were obtained from one patient diagnosed with GCTB, which were divided into eight major cell types as depicted by a single-cell transcriptional map. The osteoclasts were divided into three subsets, and their differentiation trajectory and migration status were further analyzed. Osteoclast migration may be regulated via a series of genes associated with cell migration. Furthermore, four signaling pathways (RANKL, PARs, CD137 and SMEA3 signaling pathway) were found to be highly associated with osteoclast migration. This comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis of GCTB identified a series of genes associated with cell migration as well as four major signaling pathways that were highly related to the migration of osteoclasts in GCTB. Our findings broaden the understanding of GCTB bionetworks and provides a theoretical basis for anti-osteolysis therapy against GCTB in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The management strategy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis in children is still controversial and more clinical studies are needed. We therefore present a surgical case series to explore the role of surgical management for this dilemma.Methods: From January 2013 to June 2020, data from 65 patients diagnosed with BCG vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, surgical procedures, perioperative management, and outcome were analyzed. The association between postoperative seroma and symptom duration, skin involvement, and postoperative hospital stay were compared using Yates's corrected Chi-square test and Student's t-test for statistical analysis. The follow-up period ranged from three to six months.Results: Of the 65 cases, the median age at presentation was 3.4 months. All patients were full-term with normal range of birth weight and received a BCG vaccination in the first 24 h of life. All patients underwent surgical excision of the abscess with the involved lymph node(s). Postoperative seroma formation was found in 20 patients and fine needle aspiration was needed. There was no significant association between postoperative seroma formation with symptom duration, skin involvement, and postoperative hospital stay. No oral anti-tubercular agents were given postoperatively. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.02 ± 1.62 days. Sixty-four cases (98.46%) received only one procedure and recovered. One patient required a second procedure due to postoperative sinus.Conclusions: The present study showed that surgical excision of the abscess with involved lymph node(s) is one of the choices for BCG vaccine-induced suppurative lymphadenitis, but special attention should be paid to controlling the surgical indications. Intraoperative meticulous manipulation and postoperative care are crucial to achieve a good outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi) is a scarce and valuable metal, which is associated with copper minerals and condensed in copper electrolyte during electrorefining process. Therefore, the recovery of Bi from the copper electrolyte is of great significance. In this work, barium carbonate (BaCO3) was used to in situ form barium sulfate (BaSO4) and recover Bi(III) from copper electrolyte selectively through coprecipitation method. The concentrations of coexisting ions, such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Sb(III, V), and As(III, V), are relatively stable during the coprecipitation process, indicating a certain selectivity for Bi(III). One-step desorption method was used to extract Bi from the precipitate. The results show that Bi(III) exists in the coprecipitation in two forms; dissolved into the lattice and adsorbed on the surface of BaSO4. The optimized parameters of the coprecipitation process are 25 g L−1 BaCO3, 700 rpm stirring rates, 1000 mg L−1 initial Bi(III) concentration at 60 °C, and the precipitation efficiency of Bi(III) reaches up to 90.4 pct. Besides, the recovery efficiency of Bi(III) reaches up to 99.25 pct under the optimized conditions of 0.5 M HCl solution at 90 °C. Importantly, with the help of a Na2CO3 solution, the recycling of BaCO3 from BaSO4 can be perfectly realized, with a regeneration efficiency of up to 92.53 pct. This work not only clarifies the coprecipitate mechanism of Bi(III) but also provides an effective method to recover Bi from copper electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS), which occurs most commonly in adolescents, is associated with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. In order to develop an accurate treatment for OS, a deeper understanding of its complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. In the present study, tissues were isolated from six patients with OS, and then subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using a 10× Genomics platform. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was subsequently used to validate the subsets identified by scRNA-seq. ScRNA-seq of six patients with OS was performed prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and data were obtained on 29,278 cells. A total of nine major cell types were identified, and the single-cell transcriptional map of OS was subsequently revealed. Identified osteoblastic OS cells were divided into five subsets, and the subsets of those osteoblastic OS cells with significant prognostic correlation were determined using a deconvolution algorithm. Thereby, different transcription patterns in the cellular subtypes of osteoblastic OS cells were reported, and key transcription factors associated with survival prognosis were identified. Furthermore, the regulation of osteolysis by osteoblastic OS cells via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand was revealed. Furthermore, the role of osteoblastic OS cells in regulating angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor-A was revealed. C3_TXNIP+ macrophages and C5_IFIT1+ macrophages were found to regulate regulatory T cells and participate in CD8+ T cell exhaustion, illustrating the possibility of immunotherapy that could target CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Our findings here show that the role of C1_osteoblastic OS cells in OS is to promote osteolysis and angiogenesis, and this is associated with survival prognosis. In addition, T cell depletion is an important feature of OS. More importantly, the present study provided a valuable resource for the in-depth study of the heterogeneity of the OS TME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblastoma (NB), as a metastatic form of solid tumor, has a high fatality rate found in early childhood. The two anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) neoepitopes nonamer and decamer used in cancer immunotherapy against NB cancer can selectively bind to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B*15:01) groove with high affinities, whereas the native self-peptide is unable to interact with the HLA-B*15:01. Here, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and subsequent molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding free energy calculations to explore the selective binding mechanisms of nonamer and decamer to the HLA-B*15:01 against the self-peptide. MD simulations revealed the significant conformational dynamics of the self-peptide in the HLA-B*15:01 groove against the nonamer and decamer. Binding free energy calculations showed that the binding affinities of HLA-B*15:01-neoepitope complexes were followed in the order decamer > nonamer > self-peptide. Detailed analysis of HLA-B*15:01-neoepitope structural complexes showed that compared to the nonamer, the self-peptide tended to move outward to the solvent, whereas the decamer moved deep to the HLA-B*15:01 groove. These different dynamic observations of the ALK neoepitopes can explain the distinct binding affinities of self-peptide, nonamer, and decamer to the HLA-B*15:01. The results may be useful for the design of more selective ALK neoepitopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revision operations have become a new issue after successful artificial joint replacements, and periprosthetic osteolysis leading to prosthetic loosening is the main cause of why the overactivation of osteoclasts (OCs) plays an important role. The effect of biochanin A (BCA) has been examined in osteoporosis, but no study on the role of BCA in prosthetic loosening osteolysis has been conducted yet. In this study, we utilised enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, computed tomography imaging, and histological analysis. Results showed that BCA downregulated the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), and IL‐1β to suppress inflammatory responses. The secretion levels of receptor‐activated nuclear factor‐κB ligand, CTX‐1, and osteoclast‐associated receptor as well as Ti‐induced osteolysis were also reduced. BCA effectively inhibited osteoclastogenesis and suppressed hydroxyapatite resorption by downregulating OC‐related genes in vitro. Analysis of mechanisms indicated that BCA inhibited the signalling pathways of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (P38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase) and nuclear factor‐κB (inhibitor κB‐α and P65), thereby downregulating the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 and c‐Fos. In conclusion, BCA may be an alternative choice for the prevention of prosthetic loosening caused by OCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign disease that occurs in the joint mucosa.Case Presentation: In this case report, a 14-year-old gymnast sustained pain in both elbows for 2 months with limited elbow joint activity. The initial diagnosis of bilateral elbow synovial chondromatosis was performed by physical examination and imaging report. Later, the patient was treated with open surgery on both sides of the elbow, including all loose bodies were removed out and the proliferative synovia were cut off. Histopathology reports confirmed synovial chondromatosis.Conclusions: The report introduced a case about synovial chondromatosis in bilateral elbow found in a 14-year-old girl, which is rarely involved in bilateral elbow and rarely found in adolescents. This case report aims to provide a treatment option for surgeons in similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone metastasis caused by breast cancer leads to significant complications in treatment, and the resulting osteolysis considerably affects patients' overall survival and quality of life. Gö6983 is a broad spectrum protein kinase C inhibitor. In this study, based on our finding that the Gö6983 inhibits osteolysis, we applied Gö6983 to the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer‐induced mouse bone metastasis model. And we found that Gö6983 has a strong inhibitory effect on the tumorigenic model of breast cancer by promoting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that Gö6983 has a potential inhibitory effect on breast cancer‐induced osteoclast activation and provides mechanistic insight that may prove useful for designing future treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosthesis loosening is a highly troublesome clinical problem following total joint arthroplasty. Wear‐particle‐induced osteoclastogenesis has been shown to be the primary cause of periprosthetic osteolysis that eventually leads to aseptic prosthesis loosening. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis is a promising strategy to control periprosthetic osteolysis. The possible mechanism of action of rhoifolin on osteoclastogenesis and titanium particle‐induced calvarial osteolysis was examined in this study. The in vitro study showed that rhoifolin could strongly suppress the receptor activators of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis, hydroxyapatite resorption, F‐actin formation, and the gene expression of osteoclast‐related genes. Western blot analysis illustrated that rhoifolin could attenuate the NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, and the expression of transcriptional factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and c‐Fos. Further studies indicated that rhoifolin inhibited p65 translocation to the nucleus and the activity of NFATc1 and NF‐κB rhoifolin could decrease the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphate‐positive osteoclasts and titanium particle‐induced C57 mouse calvarial bone loss in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that rhoifolin can ameliorate the osteoclasts‐stimulated osteolysis, and may be a potential agent for the treatment of prosthesis loosening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to being used to treat malaria, artemisinin (Art) can be used as an anti‐inflammatory and antitumor agent. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Art on osteoclast formation and activation and on the development of breast cancer cells in bone. To evaluate the effect of Art on osteoclast differentiation in vitro, we treated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) with various concentrations of Art and evaluated the expression of genes and proteins involved in osteoclast formation. We also performed cell counting kit‐8 assays to evaluate the toxicity of Art in BMMs and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We also performed Transwell assays, wound‐healing assays, colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis assays to evaluate the effect of Art in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We also evaluated the effect of Art in an in vivo osteoclast bone resorption assay using a nude mouse model. We demonstrated that Art inhibits the differentiation and establishment of osteoclasts even though Art is not toxic to osteoclasts. In addition, Art reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclast formation and inhibited osteoclast bone resorption in a concentration‐dependent manner. Based on our data, we believe that Art can inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells by activating apoptosis pathways, and inhibit osteoclast formation and differentiation by inhibiting activation of cathepsin K, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, calcitonin receptor, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and by inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the ethylene receptor competitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and the legally approved disinfectant chlorine dioxide (ClO) on preservation of the green walnut fruit during storage was investigated. Green Chinese walnut fruit cv. Xilin No.2 was harvested on commercial maturity and stored at 0-1 °C after the fruit was treated by water (control), 80 mg LClO (ClO), 0.5 μL L1-MCP (1-MCP), or combination treatment of 80 mg L ClO with either 0.1 μL L 1-MCP (0.1 1-MCP+ ClO) or 0.5 μL L 1-MCP (0.5 1-MCP+ ClO). During storage, respiration, ethylene production, phenolics content, antioxidative activity, weight changes, decay of the fruit and kernel traits of acid value, peroxide value,free fatty were measured. All treatments decreased postharvest respiration intensity in different degrees and inhibited ethylene production peak. ClO increased the total phenol and flavonoid content of the green fruit compared with other treatments and the control ( P < 0.05), but not did the total antioxidant activity for this treatment. After 42-day storage, ClO remained higher fresh weight and lower decay index than control, while 1-MCP increased the fruit decay index. Final acid values of kernel from ClO, control and 0.1 1-MCP+ ClO were not different from their initial values, which from 0.5 1-MCP increased. Final peroxide value for kernel from ClO showed no change during storage but increased at least 1.0-fold for other treatments. ClO preserved 99.9 % of initial free fatty acid, similar to that for the control (99.8 %), whereas 0.5 1-MCP preserved only 95.7 %. ClO is of potential in decay retardation and kernel traits maintenance of green walnut fruit, whereas the 1-MCP has a negative effect for decay control on walnut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been retracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been retracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the cartilage that is prevalent in the middle-aged and elderly demography. Polydatin (PD), a natural resveratrol glucoside, has shown significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential in previous studies. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic properties of PD in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of all relevant factors were evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) where suitable. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were analyzed using the suitable probes and flow cytometry. The histological evidence of cartilage was assessed in rat models, moreover, the several serum cytokines levels and autophagy levels were evaluated. The result showed PD displayed significant chondro-protective effects, inferred in terms of reduced inflammation and cartilage degradation, apoptosis inhibition, and lower ROS production. The protective effects were attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, indicating a mediating role of autophagy in PD action. Mechanistically, PD exerted its effects by inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways which led to the down-regulation of mTOR. In conclusion, PD protects against cartilage degeneration by activating the autophagy flux in the chondrocytes via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]