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The article considers different methods of divertor plasma diagnostics planned for using in the T‑15MD tokamak. Technical problems arising during operation of optical systems in the divertor zone are discussed, including degradation of in-vessel optical elements. The main attention is paid to the conceptual design of the "Passive Spectroscopy in Divertor" diagnostic system. The optical system, including in-vessel mirrors, and methods for protecting its components from the negative effects of plasma are described in detail. Using synthetic diagnostics and numerical simulation methods, the possibility of solving the problem of tomographic reconstruction of the two-dimensional profile of plasma radiation in the T-15MD divertor is demonstrated. Based on the results presented, it was concluded that passive spectroscopy can be used for obtaining data on plasma parameters in the divertor with good spatial resolution, which will make it possible to study the physics of processes and monitor the operation of the T-15MD divertor, including the operation in detachment regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of correcting the composition of the intestinal microbiota shows significant promise for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. There is a confirmed link between the state of the colonic microbiota and human pathologies. Monkeys—in particular, rhesus macaques—are recognized as the best animal model to study the mechanisms controlling the development of both acute and chronic inflammation. The similarity of key anatomical and physiological systems between macaques and humans provides significant advantages for conducting biomedical research aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of microbial drugs designed to normalize intestinal microbiocenoses using these animals. The aim of the study was to analyze the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota of rhesus macaques of different ages kept in captivity. Seventeen fecal samples collected from clinically healthy rhesus macaques kept in captivity were included in the study. DNA was isolated from fecal samples using a MagMAX Microbiome Ultra Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit. Samples were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis of the 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing data showed that the intestinal microbiota of rhesus macaques is dominated by the bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteriota phyla, which are also predominant in humans, and that the ratio between them varies in different age groups. A decrease in Actinobacteriota abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio was observed with age. The α diversity of gut microbiota was not statistically different between different age groups of rhesus macaques, while the highest absolute values of alpha diversity were observed in the group of young individuals. The analysis of differential abundance showed that the gut microbiota of young individuals was enriched with butyrate-producing bacteria, indicating that the local intestinal immunity was not disturbed. Older individuals showed an increased content of Streptococcus and Lachnospiraceae, which may be interpreted as a marker of inflammation reflecting the age-related specificities of the monkey gut microbiota. The gut microbiota of rhesus macaques varies between age groups, with less variation being observed within the groups of babies and young individuals than in the group of old individuals. The results of sequencing monkey intestinal microbiota demonstrated the similarity of its composition to the human intestinal microbiota, the specificities of the age-related changes in the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota of rhesus macaques, which to certain extent allows the use of rhesus macaques as a model to study the age dynamics of human intestinal microbiota, which is promising for age-related studies of various substances, compositions and other factors affecting human body potentially capable of exerting positive or negative effects on the human microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a specific form of explicitly correlated Gaussians—with tensor pre-factors—which appear naturally when dealing with certain few-body systems in nuclear and particle physics. We derive analytic matrix elements with these Gaussians—overlap, kinetic energy, and Coulomb potential—to be used in variational calculations of those systems. We also perform a quick test of the derived formulae by applying them to p- and d-waves of the hydrogen atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the N(1440) Roper resonance naturally appears in the nuclear model with explicit mesons as a structure in the continuum spectrum of the physical proton, which in this calculation is made of a bare nucleon dressed with a pion cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrophysical properties of ionic liquids with different chemical structures of their anions and fillers, as well as a polymer material containing ionic liquids, were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper discusses the production of radioactive ion beams of francium, radium, and actinium from thick uranium carbide (UC x ) targets at ISOLDE, CERN. This study focuses on the release curves and extractable yields of francium, radium and actinium isotopes. The ion source temperature was varied in order to study the relative contributions of surface and laser ionization to the production of the actinium ion beams. The experimental results are presented in the form of release parameters. Representative extractable yields per μ C are presented for 222 - 231 Ac, several Ra and Fr isotopes in the mass ranges 214 ≤ A ≤ 233 and 205 ≤ A ≤ 231 respectively. The release efficiency for several isotopes of each of the studied elements was calculated by comparing their yields to the estimated in-target production rates modeled by CERN-FLUKA. The maximal extraction efficiency of actinium was calculated to be 2.1(6)% for a combination of surface ionization using a Ta ion source and resonant laser ionization using the two-step 438.58 nm, and 424.69 nm scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was aimed at developing a conceptual model of digital nitrogen management in crops. Cognitive analysis of the knowledge structure in this subject area and conceptual modeling of digital nitrogen management in agrophytocenoses using an object-oriented approach and Unified Modeling Language (UML) were used. A detailed system of diagrams was created, encompassing class, process, and interaction diagrams. The model is anchored on three abstract objects: class (seven in total), attribute (32), and interclass relationships (18), which distribute the main concepts, emphasizing the complexity and multifaceted approaches to digital nitrogen management. The central class is "Agrophytocenosis", which directly interacts with five classes and indirectly with one class. Attributes are integral to the classes and reflect their specific characteristics. To depict the interaction between the classes and their attributes, four types of relationships are employed in the model: "dependency," "association," "aggregation," and "inner class." In the process diagram of the digital nitrogen management system, two primary subsystems are highlighted: the analysis and planning subsystem and the adjustment subsystem, as well as tools and sources for data acquisition and processing. A distinctive feature of the developed conceptual model is the application of the temporality principle, integrating static and dynamic processes in the digital nitrogen management system within the agrophytocenosis. Subsystems for analysis, planning, and adjustment of emerging conditions in the management areas allow ensuring more efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers in crops. The conceptual model is aimed at developing a hardware-software complex for diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition of cultivated plants and management of fertilizer application based on modern digital monitoring and data-processing tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the composition of oil compounds in a vertical section of peat soil on the territory of the Mamontovskoye oilfield (KhMAO, Western Siberia) 6, 12, and 18 years after oil pollution were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The distribution of individual compounds in the surface soil layer after an oil spill was largely determined by biodegradation reactions progressing with time. In the underlying layers at a depth of 10–50 cm, the composition and concentration of oil components indicated the influence of migration processes on their differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the role of conscious and unconscious processes depending on the level of arithmetic skill. The participants were divided into two groups according to their arithmetic skill based on the calculation fluency test results. Masked and unmasked single-digit addition problems (primes) followed by correct and incorrect results were presented on the screen. In a conscious perception task (unmasked priming), when large and small problem results were presented, an arithmetic N400 and LPC effects were observed in both groups. In the case of unconscious perception (masked priming), when small problem results were presented, the LPC effect was observed in the group with low arithmetic skill. The fact that the LPC arithmetic effect was discovered during the unconscious presentation may indicate the automatic nature of the encoding and retrieving information processes, reflecting neurophysiological characteristics associated with the level of arithmetic skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melittin, a peptide from bee venom, was found to be able to interact with many proteins, including calmodulin target proteins and ion-transporting P-type ATPases. It is assumed that melittin mimics a protein module involved in protein-protein interactions within cells. Previously, a Na+/K+-ATPase containing the α1 isoform of the catalytic subunit was found to co-precipitate with a protein with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa that interacts with antibodies against melittin by cross immunoprecipitation. In the presence of a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor (ouabain), the amount of protein with a molecular weight of 70 kDa interacting with Na+/K+-ATPase increases. In order to identify melittin-like protein from murine kidney homogenate, a fraction of melittin-like proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa was obtained using affinity chromatography with immobilized antibodies specific to melittin. By mass spectrometry analysis, the obtained protein fraction was found to contain three molecular chaperones of Hsp70 superfamily: mitochondrial mtHsp70 (mortalin), Hsp73, Grp78 (BiP) of endoplasmic reticulum. These data suggest that chaperones from the HSP-70 superfamily contain a melittin-like module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-competitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist memantine has neuroprotective properties and is the first non-cholinergic drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that injections of memantine to healthy animals can affect the subunit composition of NMDA receptors in the brain, which may explain the effects of its chronic administration. For this, the expression of subunits GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN2C was studied in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats after single or five subchronic injections of memantine. The results showed that the GluN2C subunit (GRIN2C) plays an important role in the effects of memantine; against the background of memantine treatment, the expression of this subunit markedly decreased in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, which significantly affected the excitation/inhibition balance in cortical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review addresses methods for supplying power to implantable medical devices (pacemakers and other selfcontained implantable systems) which operate without the use of replaceable batteries. The general principles of operation and examples of the implementation of such types of power supply for implantable products are described. The prospects for the development of these methods in the design of commercial samples of products are also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A software- and hardware-based monitoring system has been developed for metallic components, on the basis of eddy current scanning of nonmagnetic materials. Design details are presented. Experimental results confirm that this system may be used to monitor metallic nanofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new P*,S-bidentate diamidophosphite ligand 1, containing a stereogenic phosphorus atom as a part of the 1,3,2-diazaphospholidine ring, was synthesized based on 3-(phenylthiomethyl)phenol. Palladium catalysts on its basis demonstrated a high enantioselectivity in the allylic alkylation of (E)-1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate (76% ee), the amination with pyrrolidine (74% ee), and the alkylation of cinnamyl acetate with ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate (83% ee). The reaction of ligand 1 with [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 in the presence of AgBF4 afforded a mixture of cationic palladium complexes: chelate [Pd(allyl)1]BF4 and head-to-head binuclear complex [Pd(allyl)1]2(BF4)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the nuclear model with explicit mesons to photoproduction of neutral pions off protons at the threshold. In this model the nucleons do not interact with each other via a potential but rather emit and absorb mesons that are treated explicitly on equal footing with the nucleons. We calculate the total cross section of the reaction for energies close to threshold and compare the calculations with available experimental data. We show that the model is able to reproduce the experimental data and determine the range of the parameters where the model is compatible with the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acyclic (n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, fatty acids, methyl esters of fatty acids, n-aldehydes, squalene, phyton, and phytol isomers) and cyclic (series of di- and triterpenoids, steroids, and tocopherols, phytonadione, and dihydroactinidiolide) organic compounds, many of which are biologically active, in peat samples raised bogs and fens of the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Acyclic structures, among which n-alkan-2-ones were predominant, dominated in sedge and sedge-hypnum peat in contrast to Sphagnum peat, in which n-alkanes predominated. The distribution of pentacyclic triterpenoids, n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, and methyl esters of fatty acids was largely determined by the botanical composition of peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New P,S-bidentate phosphoramidite ligands, including these having a stereogenic phosphorus atom in the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepine ring, have been synthesized on the basis of (Ra)-BINOL and its adamantanyl derivatives. With their participation in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of (E)-1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate and the amination with pyrrolidine involving these ligands have afforded selectivity up to 84 and 75% ee, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic transport in triple molybdate Na25Cs8Sc5(MoO4)24 with an alluaudite structure has been studied. According to 23Na NMR, the ion jump frequency is as high as ~ 104‒105 s–1 at Т = 550‒600 K, and the activation energy for sodium diffusion is Ea ~ 0.9 eV. The mobility of Na+ ions is slower than that found in double molybdate Na5Sc(MoO4)4, which is caused by structural features. In Na25Cs8Sc5(MoO4)24, some of sodium positions are replaced by Cs+ ions preventing the sodium diffusion in a channel along the c axis. As a result, the 2D mechanism of Na+ transport typical of the Na5R(MoO4)4 alluaudite family does not occur. The most probable mechanism of sodium diffusion in Na25Cs8Sc5(MoO4)24 involves successive atomic jumps along a zigzag path in the ab plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of lipids of bog plants and peat sampled from the background and burnt areas of the Bakchar swamp in Tomsk oblast, the Gavrilovka river basin, was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main groups of organic compounds were identified including acyclic (n-alkanes, isoprenoids, fatty acids and their methyl esters, and n-alkan-2-ones) and cyclic compounds (tocopherols, steroids, and sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids), and the concentrations of their individual representatives were determined. The experimental data obtained can be used to detect postpyrogenic layers in the section of sedimentary strata in paleoclimatic reconstructions and to assess prospects for the use of plant and peat raw materials from territories after a fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research data for the diffusion mechanisms of Na+ ions in Na1 –xMg1 –xAl1 +x(XO4)3 (X = Mo, W) compounds with the NASICON-type structure (space group R c, Z = 6) are reported. Solid solutions in the homogeneity range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 for X = Mo and 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 for X = W have been prepared by solid-state synthesis. Conductivity measurements and NMR spectroscopy data indicate fast sodium diffusion in the studied samples: the ionic conductivity reaches the values of about 10–3 S/cm at T > 800 K. The frequency of elementary ionic jumps is on the order of 104 s–1 at T ≈ 500 K, and the activation energy is equal to 0.8–0.9 eV. The results have shown that the ionic conductivity in molybdates is higher than in tungstates. The growth of magnesium concentration increases the concentration of local coordinations Mg2+–Na+–Mg2+, acting as traps for moving sodium ions. The above conclusions are supported by ab initio calculations according to which the barrier for sodium diffusion from the Mg2+–Na+–Mg2+ position is expected to be higher than those for the Mg2+–Na+–Al3+ and Al3+–Na+–Al3+ ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of hydrodynamic instability in the safety systems of nuclear power plants is relevant. In the deterministic analysis of the safety of nuclear power plants based on accident simulation, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of hydrodynamic instability in the operational and transient modes of safety systems. The consequences of the emergence of hydrodynamic instability in safety systems can be following: a significant deterioration of the heat and mass exchange conditions in the reactor and steam generators during the heating process, an increased power of thermo-hydro-shock on the equipment of the nuclear installation and other negative effects. The negative consequences of the hydrodynamic instability in the safety systems of nuclear power plants can be a significant deterioration in the conditions of heat-mass exchange and the thermal water hammers with increased power. The main reasons for the hydrodynamic instability in safety systems are inertial lag in the response of control valves and head-flow characteristic of pumps to “fast” changes in hydrodynamic parameters in nuclear power plant systems. The purpose of this work is to determine methods for minimizing the impact of the causes of hydrodynamic instability in security systems. The methods of substantiating effective structural and technical parameters of damping devices to prevent conditions of hydrodynamic instability in stationary working and transient modes of safety systems with pumps are given. A method for substantiating effective design and technical parameters of damping devices to prevent conditions of hydrodynamic instability in transient modes of starting pumps of safety systems is presented. Stability conditions in stationary operating modes of the initial steam-gas volume of damping devices are determined. The minimum permissible dimensions of damping devices that meet the conditions of hydrodynamic stability in the transient modes of SB pumps are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review summarizes and analyzes literary data on the distribution and host-parasite relations of the tick Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895 (Ixodidae) in Northwestern Russia and adjacent European countries. Factors influencing population density of ticks, including habitats and main and additional hosts, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes is 40–45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients' groups. However, in order to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n = 45) with different responses to anti-PD1 therapy. An analysis of the differential abundance of microbial species showed a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Analysis of the experimental data showed a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the groups. Obtained results indicate a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy. Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phosphatase complex PPH3 consists of three subunits: catalytic Pph3 and auxiliary Pph2 and Psy4. Pph3 also forms a double complex with subunit Psy2, which binds to kinase Rad53 and dephosphorylates it without recruiting the third subunit. The triple complex dephosphorylates γH2A. We have previously shown that gene HSM6 corresponds to gene PSY4 on the genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation hsm6-1 increases the rate of spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis. In this work, we have shown that mutations in gene PPH3 increase the rate of spontaneous reparative mutagenesis sevenfold, while mutations pph3Δ and hsm6-1 show an epistatic effect. At high doses, the frequency of UV-induced mutations in mutants pph3Δ, psy4Δ, and hsm6-1 is the same and exceeds the level of mutagenesis in the wild-type strain by approximately twofold. All mutants show a higher (approximately 10-fold) frequency of γ-induced mutations compared to the wild-type strain. The combination of mutations in genes encoding PPH3 subunits and mutations in MMS2 and XRS2, which control an error-free postreplication repair pathway, leads to blocking of PPH3-specific UV-induced mutagenesis. Thus, we have identified the PPH3 complex as a novel factor involved in the regulation of the error-free branch of postreplication repair. The double mutant for genes PTC2 and PTC3, encoding the other two phosphatases that dephosphorylate Rad53, does not differ from the wild-type strain with respect to UV-induced mutagenesis and survival. This means that hyperphosphorylation of only the Pph3-specific sites of protein Rad53 and histone H2A increases the level of UV mutagenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nuclear model is proposed where the nucleons interact by emitting and absorbing mesons, and where the mesons are treated explicitly. A nucleus in this model finds itself in a quantum superposition of states with different number of mesons. Transitions between these states hold the nucleus together. The model—in its simplest incarnation—is applied to the deuteron, where the latter becomes a superposition of a neutron-proton state and a neutron-proton-meson state. Coupling between these states leads to an effective attraction between the nucleons and results in a bound state with negative energy, the deuteron. The model is able to reproduce the accepted values for the binding energy and the charge radius of the deuteron. The model, should it work in practice, has several potential advantages over the existing non-relativistic few-body nuclear models: the reduced number of model parameters, natural inclusion of few-body forces, and natural inclusion of mesonic physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of numerous studies confirm the high degree of involvement of the intestinal microbiota in most processes in the human body. There is evidence for the effect of the intestinal microbiota on the success of chemo- and immunotherapy of oncological diseases. This effect of the intestinal microbiota in this process is considered both in the context of contribution of representatives of certain microbial taxa and the entire microflora, realizing a joint metabolic potential. It is assumed that the effect of intestinal microbiota on antitumor therapy can be mediated by such mechanisms as general immunomodulation, an increase in cells that specifically respond to antigens of both microbial and tumor origin, metabolism, and degradation (utilization) of drug substances. Currently, the intestinal microbiota is considered as an additional, but important target for studying the effective use of oncotherapy and reducing its toxicity, as well as a predictor of the success of immunotherapy. In this review, we analyze the results of studies confirming the relationship between the gut microbiome and antitumor efficacy of immune control point inhibitors. Despite the promising and theoretically substantiated conclusions, there is still some inconsistency between existing data that should be resolved for the further development of this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dynamic and static load on the intracellular concentrations of sodium Na i + and potassium (K+i) in m. soleus and m. biceps, respectively, were studied in mice. Both dynamic (swimming for 60 min) and static (hanging on the grid for 40 min) load led to a 2-fold increase in Na i + level, a decrease in K+i concentration by 25-35%, and 3-4-fold increase in the Na i + / K i + ratio. These effects of dynamic and static loads on the studied parameters remained unchanged in mice subjected to regular physical exercise (swimming or hanging on the grid for 1 h a day over 4 weeks). Our results suggest that dissipation of sodium and potassium transmembrane gradients during physical exercise can be considered as a factor of regulation of functional activity of skeletal muscles, which includes changes in transcription and translation of myokines observed previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term study on the identification of Na,K-ATPase endogenous inhibitors in mammalian tissues has resulted in the discovery of ouabain, marinobufagenin (MBG), and other cardiotonic steroids (CTS) in the blood plasma. Production of ouabain and MBG is increased in essential hypertension and other diseases associated with hypervolemia. Here, we compared the effects of ouabain and MBG on the Na,K-ATPase activity (measured as the transport of Na+, K+, and Rb+ ions) and proliferation and death of human renal epithelial cells (HRECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing α1-Na,K-ATPase. Ouabain concentration that provided the half-maximal inhibition of the Rb+ influx (IC50) into HRECs and HUVECs was 0.07 μM. In both types of cells, the IC50 values for MBG were 10 times higher than for ouabain. Incubation of HREC and HUVEC with 0.001-0.01 μM ouabain for 30 h resulted in 40% increase in the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA; further elevation of ouabain concentration to 0.1 μM completely suppressed DNA synthesis. MBG at the concentration of 0.1 μM activated DNA synthesis by 25% in HRECs, but not in HUVECs; 1 μM MBG completely inhibited DNA synthesis in HRECs and by 50% in HUVECs. In contrast to HRECs, incubation of HUVECs in the serum-free medium induced apoptosis, which was almost completely suppressed by ouabain and MBG at the concentrations of 0.1 and 3 μM, respectively. Based on these data, we can conclude that (i) the effect of MBG at the concentrations detected in the blood plasma (<0.01 μM) on HRECs and HUVECs was not due to the changes in the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio; (ii) the effect of physiological concentrations of ouabain on these cells might be mediated by the activation of Na,K-ATPase, leading to cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the characteristics of ohmic contacts to epitaxial and ion-doped gallium-nitride layers, based on the Cr/Pt/Au metallization system, are reported. The possibility of forming low-resistance contacts without the application of high-temperature treatment is shown. It is demonstrated, for AlGaN/GaN-based heterostructures, that the characteristics of Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts are improved upon using ion implantation through a silicon-dioxide mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ab initio study of the vertical electronic excitations in CX[SUB3]I, C[SUB6]X[SUB5]H, and C[SUB6]X[SUB5]I (X=H and F) is presented. All-electron basis sets are used and the relativistic effects are accounted for with the relativistic elimination of small components scheme. The structures are optimized with the complete active space self-consistent field approach and the excitation energies are computed with the spinorbit multiconfiguration quasidegenerate perturbation theory. The n-σ∗ transitions of CX[SUB3]I, low-lying π-π∗ transitions of C[SUB6]X[SUB5]H, and low-lying n-σ∗, π-π∗, and π-σ&lowasr; transitions of C[SUB6]X[SUB5]I are elucidated. For CH[SUB3]I, energy values of parallel and perpendicular transitions differ from experimental values by 455 and 1156 cm[SUP-1], respectively. Effects of fluorination are emphasized, it is found that fluorination increases the gap between [SUP3]Q[SUB0] and [SUP1]Q[SUB1] transitions and increase is substantially more in aryl iodides than in alkyl iodides. Electronic factors influencing increased I∗ quantum yield in the photodissociation on fluorination of alkyl iodides is attributed to increased gap between [SUP3]Q[SUB0] and [SUP1]Q[SUB1] transitions reducing curve crossing probability and for aryl iodides there is additional role by phenyl transitions. A correlation diagram illustrating transitions of aryl iodides is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin-orbit coupling constants (A[sub v+]) for O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u],v[sup +]=0–17) and O[sub 2][sup +](a [sup 4]Π[sub u],v[sup +]=0–25) were computed based on the Pauli–Breit Hamiltonian with one and two electron terms for comparison with experimental measurements. In the present theoretical study, the vibrational wave functions are obtained using the potential energy curve calculated at the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) level of theory, with single and double excitations from the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) reference wave function. The electronic wave functions and spin-orbit coupling constants are obtained at the CASSCF and restricted MRCI levels. The effect on A[sub v+] for O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u],v[sup +]) and O[sub 2][sup +](a [sup 4]Π[sub u],v[sup +]) due to interactions of the O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u],v[sup +]), O[sub 2][sup +](a [sup 4]Π[sub u],v[sup +]), and O[sub 2][sup +]([sup 2]Σ[sub u][sup +]) states is examined. The theoretical A[sub v+] predictions for O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u],v[sup +]) are found to be consistent with the experimental finding that O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u]) is an inverted spin-orbit state at low v[sup +] levels and becomes a regular spin-orbit state at higher v[sup +] levels. Good accord between theoretical predictions and experimental results for O[sub 2][sup +](A [sup 2]Π[sub u],v[sup +]=0–12) is observed with discrepancies in the range of 2–10 cm-1. In the case of O[sub 2][sup +](a [sup 4]Π[sub u],v[sup +]), excellent agreement between theoretical ab initio and experimental results is found with a discrepancy of 2–5 cm-1. Our effort to theoretically reproduce experimental fine structure in the A[sub v+] curve for O[sub 2][sup +](a [sup 4]Π[sub u],v[sup +]) based on interstate vibrational interactions has met with limited success... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses an experimental and theoretical study of the spin-orbit interaction for carbon dioxide and oxygen. Rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE); Angular momentum coupling factor for the photoionization of the present carbon dioxide system.

Abstract—The goal of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie heart and skeletal muscle damage in male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g in response to a 3-h exposure to 180 mm Hg (5% O2) in the model of severe hypobaric hypoxia. It has been demonstrated that the level of the cardiac biomarker troponin I in the blood plasma of rats exposed to severe hypobaric hypoxia for 3 h increased significantly compared to the control group, indicating myocardial injury. At the same time, the administration of the HIF-1α transcription factor inhibitor did not affect the plasma level of troponin I. In contrast, the release of the non-specific biomarker myoglobin into the bloodstream did not increase in response to hypoxia compared to the control animals. In addition, 24 h after the exposure to severe hypobaric hypoxia the serum myoglobin level was significantly lower in animals administered with the HIF-1α inhibitor topotecan than in rats that did not receive topotecan. Therefore, it may be assumed that the inhibition of the HIF-1α transcription factor 10 min before exposure to severe hypobaric hypoxia reduces skeletal muscle damage. The mechanisms that affect the adaptation of heart and skeletal muscles to hypoxia are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A cyclotron (C-80) designed to produce protons with an energy of 40-80 MeV and beam intensity of 100-200 μA has been launched at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute. The main task of C-80 is the production of a wide range of medical radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy. A complex named Radioactive Isotopes on the C-80 Cyclotron (RIC-80) and intended to function on the C-80 beam was developed for this purpose. A brief description of the RIC-80 complex is given, and the results of the use of new methods and studies of target devices for the production of the generator radioisotope 82Sr; 223Ra, 224Ra, and 225Ac radioisotopes that undergo alpha-decay; 67Cu; and other medical radionuclides are presented. The use of a mass separator in the “on-line” mode to obtain ion beams of high-purity radioisotopes is a distinctive feature of the complex used in the project, and it is especially important for medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper presents experimental research into semiconductor lasers incorporated in heteronanostructures intended for wireless power transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes modern views on the physiological and biochemical properties of aerobic methylobacteria as producers of bioplastics and the prospects for their use in various areas of modern biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]