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Motivated by the fact that tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) and its variants do not utilize the actual rank value, which limits the recovery performance, and their computational costs are always monumental for large-scale tensor recovery, a fast TRPCA is proposed to recover the low-rank tensor and sparse tensor by estimating the multi-rank vector and adopting Riemannian optimization strategy in this paper. Specifically, a fast multi-rank estimation of low-rank tensor is proposed by modifying the Gershgorin disk theorem-based matrix rank estimation. An innovative TRPCA with Estimated Multi-Rank (TRPCA-EMR) is proposed to eliminate hyperparameter tuning by imposing strict multi-rank equality constraints. Additionally, Riemannian optimization is employed to project each frontal slice of the tensor in Fourier domain onto a low multi-rank manifold in efficiently coping with tensor Singular Value Decomposition (t-SVD) and reduce computational complexity. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world tensor datasets demonstrate TRPCA-EMR’s superior efficiency and effectiveness compared to existing methods, confirming its potential for practical applications and reassuring its reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical T4 (cT4) stage gastric cancer presents with frequent postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. This study is to evaluate the oncological efficacy of laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy combined with postoperative prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with cT4N + M0 gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: We reviewed the clinicopathological data of 174 patients with clinical T4 gastric cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy between June 2017 and December 2021. Among them, 142 were included in the non-HIPEC group, and 32 in the HIPEC group. Patients in both groups were paired based on propensity score in a 2:1 ratio to assess disparities in tumor recurrence and long-term survival. Results: After matching, there were no significant differences in the clinicopathological data between the two groups. The peritoneum (16.1%) and distant organs (10.9%) were the most frequent locations for recurrence. Prior to matching, the recurrence rates were similar at all sites for both groups. Compared with those in the non-HIPEC cohort, the recurrence rates at all sites, the lung, and the peritoneum were notably lower in the HIPEC cohort. Prior to matching, the 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between the two groups; following matching, the HIPEC group exhibited notably greater survival rates than did the non-HIPEC group. The disparities in survival rates between the groups became even more pronounced after conducting a stratified analysis among patients with stage III disease. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with prophylactic HIPEC after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy can effectively reduce the rate of peritoneal metastasis in patients with cT4N + M0 advanced gastric cancer and significantly improve the prognosis of such patients, which is of great clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Long non-coding RNA TUG1 is involved in cell growth and chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer by regulating LIMK2b via EZH2" published in the journal Molecular Cancer. The authors discovered that two images in the plate clone experiment section were accidentally duplicated due to personal negligence. They apologize for the oversight and confirm that it was not academic misconduct. The error does not affect their conclusions regarding the impact on cell proliferation or the main findings of the paper. The correct figure is provided in the document. [Extracted from the article]

The emerging applications of silicon photonics in free space, such as LiDARs, free-space optical communications, and quantum photonics, urge versatile emission shaping beyond the capabilities of conventional grating couplers. In these applications, silicon photonic chips deliver free-space emission to detect or manipulate external objects. Light needs to emit from a silicon photonic chip to the free space with specific spatial modes, which produce focusing, collimation, orbital angular momentum, or even holographic projection. A platform that offers versatile shaping of free-space emission, while maintaining the CMOS compatibility and monolithic integration of silicon photonics is in pressing need. Here we demonstrate a platform that integrates metasurfaces monolithically on silicon photonic integrated circuits. The metasurfaces consist of amorphous silicon nanopillars evanescently coupled to silicon waveguides. We demonstrate experimentally diffraction-limited beam focusing with a Strehl ratio of 0.82. The focused spot can be switched between two positions by controlling the excitation direction. We also realize a meta-hologram experimentally that projects an image above the silicon photonic chip. This platform can add a highly versatile interface to the existing silicon photonic ecosystems for precise delivery of free-space emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameter setting and information redundancy are essential issues for the non-local means (NLM) algorithm. This paper introduces a new factor based on the Hessian matrix to adapt the smoothing parameter. Then, a strategy is proposed to implement the NLM by representing patches in terms of features, which uses the 2D histogram and summed-area table. Compared with other methods, the metric for patch similarity in this paper is based on statistical features of patches instead of Euclidean distance. More importantly, not many predefined thresholds are needed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains better visual quality and numerical results, especially for images with rich contents and high noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a non-metallic organic semiconductor photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4, CN) has become a research hotspot due to its excellent performance in organic degradation, CO2 reduction and water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, the high recombination rate of electron-hole pairs, low specific surface area and weak light absorption of bulk CN synthesized by the traditional one-step thermal polymerization method seriously restrict its photocatalytic performance and practical application. To enhance the photocatalytic performance of CN, doping and surface modification strategies are usually employed to tune the band gap of carbon nitride and improve the separation of carriers. In this paper, the research progress of different methods to modify CN in recent years is introduced, and the mechanisms of improving the photocatalytic performance are mainly analyzed. Typical modification methods are mainly divided into metal doping, non-metal doping, co-doping and surface-functionalized modification. Some characterization methods that can analyze the doping state and surface modification are also discussed as examples. Finally, the difficulties that need to be addressed through modified CN photocatalysts and the directions for future research are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of the Internet of things(IoT) is to provide people with anywhere services in real life. But intelligent IoT shouldn't only provide services, but also consider how to allocate heterogeneous resources reasonably, which has become a very challenging problem. To obtain the best resource allocation scheme, it is crucial to minimize the service cost and service time. Since the two objectives are contradictory, we have modelled IoT services as a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem. Then a dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for dynamic IoT services(dMOEA/DI) is proposed. In dMOEA/DI, we have designed operators such as the appropriate encoding method, dynamic detection operator, filtering strategy, differential evolution, and polynomial mutation. Based on the single service strategy and collaborative service strategy, experimental research is performed on the agricultural IoT services with dynamic requests under different distributions. The simulation experimental results prove that dMOEA/DI performs better than the contrasted algorithms on the IoT service optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a vascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. The contribution of aberrantly expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) to DN in vivo is poorly understood. Integrated comparative circRNA microarray profiling was used to examine the expression of circRNAs in diabetic kidney of db/db mice. We found that circRNA_010383 expression was markedly downregulated in diabetic kidneys, mesangial cells, and tubular epithelial cells cultured in high-glucose conditions. circRNA_010383 colocalized with miRNA-135a (miR-135a) and inhibited miR-135a function by directly binding to miR-135a. In vitro, the knockdown of circRNA_010383 promoted the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and downregulated the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 (TRPC1), which is a target protein of miR-135a. Furthermore, circRNA_010383 overexpression effectively inhibited the high-glucose-induced accumulation of ECM and increased TRPC1 levels in vitro. More importantly, the kidney target of circRNA_010383 overexpression inhibited proteinuria and renal fibrosis in db/db mice. Mechanistically, we identified that a loss of circRNA_010383 promoted proteinuria and renal fibrosis in DN by acting as a sponge for miR-135a. This study reveals that circRNA_010383 may be a novel therapeutic target for DN in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast growth factor receptor‐like 1 (FGFRL1), a member of the FGFR family, has been demonstrated to play important roles in various cancers. However, the role of FGFRL1 in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of FGFRL1 in chemoresistance of SCLC and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. We found that FGFRL1 levels are significantly up‐regulated in multidrug‐resistant SCLC cells (H69AR and H446DDP) compared with the sensitive parental cells (H69 and H446). In addition, clinical samples showed that FGFRL1 was overexpressed in SCLC tissues, and high FGFRL1 expression was associated with the clinical stage, chemotherapy response and survival time of SCLC patients. Knockdown of FGFRL1 in chemoresistant SCLC cells increased chemosensitivity by increasing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas overexpression of FGFRL1 in chemosensitive SCLC cells produced the opposite results. Mechanistic investigations showed that FGFRL1 interacts with ENO1, and FGFRL1 was found to regulate the expression of ENO1 and its downstream signalling pathway (the PI3K/Akt pathway) in SCLC cells. In brief, our study demonstrated that FGFRL1 modulates chemoresistance of SCLC by regulating the ENO1‐PI3K/Akt pathway. FGFRL1 may be a predictor and a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance in SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemoresistance is a primary clinical challenge for the management of small cell lung cancer. Additionally, transcriptional regulation by super enhancer (SE) has an important role in tumor evolution. The functions of SEs, a key class of noncoding DNA cis-regulatory elements, have been the subject of many recent studies in the field of cancer research. Methods: In this study, using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we aimed to identify SEs associated with chemoresistance from H69AR cells. Through integrated bioinformatics analysis of the MEME chip, we predicted the master transcriptional factors (TFs) binding to SE sites and verified the relationships between TFs of SEs and drug resistance by RNA interference, cell counting kit 8 assays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: In total, 108 SEs were screened from H69AR cells. When combining this analysis with RNA-seq data, 45 SEs were suggested to be closely related to drug resistance. Then, 12 master TFs were predicted to localize to regions of those SEs. Subsequently, we selected forkhead box P1 (FOXP1), interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and specificity protein 1 (SP1) to authenticate the functional relationships of master TFs with chemoresistance via SEs. Conclusions: We screened out SEs involved with drug resistance and evaluated the functions of FOXP1, IRF1, and SP1 in chemoresistance. Our findings established a large group of SEs associated with drug resistance in small cell lung cancer, revealed the drug resistance mechanisms of SEs, and provided insights into the clinical applications of SEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have drawn much attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. Indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped SnO2 as the most commonly used transparent electrodes in pero-SCs, unfortunately, exhibit poor mechanical stability in flexible devices. We demonstrate flexible pero-SCs based on an ultrathin Au electrode with perfect performance of transmittance, conductivity, and mechanical stability. The ultrathin Au electrode with the thickness of 7 nm is prepared on the SU-8/Ca modified substrate, and the Volmer-Weber growth mode of deposited metal film has been suppressed successfully by the chemical and physical bonding from the SU-8/Ca hybrid modification layer. The ITO-free flexible pero-SCs based on ultrathin Au electrodes achieve the power conversion efficiency of 11.44%, and nearly 82% of the initial efficiency remains after approximately 2400 bending cycles, demonstrating the high flexibility and mechanical stability of the ultrathin Au electrode as well as the ITO-free pero-SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at multi-echelon inventory optimization of spare parts, the process of equipment support under preemptive maintenance and non-preemptive maintenance were analyzed. The support time of spare parts in each maintenance sites was calculated and a model of expected backorder was established. The marginal effect algorithm was utilized to calculate the maintenance priority assignment and inventory policy of spare parts. Finally, through a numerical example, the inventory project of spare parts obtained by the proposed model can greatly reduce the cost of the spare parts while ensuring the availability of the equipment, and which can improve the military and economic benefits of the equipment support commendably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an ultrathin Au transparent electrode with the thickness of only 4.4 nm based on an S-1805/Ag hybrid nucleation layer and its application in flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) as the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The Volmer–Weber growth mode of the deposited Au film has been suppressed successfully by using the hybrid nucleation layer, in which the S-1805 acts as a substrate modification layer and 0.6 nm Ag acts as a seeding layer. The resulting ultrathin Au film with the thickness of 4.4 nm shows high transparency, high conductivity, and ultrasmooth surface. A 25% improvement in efficiency has been demonstrated for the OLEDs with ultrathin Au anodes compared to the ITO-based devices. The application of the high-performance ultrathin Au electrodes in OLEDs results in high flexibility and mechanical robustness with small performance variations after 2100 bending cycles with a 7.5 mm bending radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight and low-cost organic photovoltaics (OPVs) hold great promise as renewable energy sources. The most critical challenge in developing high-performance OPVs is the incomplete photon absorption due to the low diffusion length of the carrier in organic semiconductors. To date, various attempts have been carried out to improve light absorption in thin photoactive layer based on optical engineering strategies. Nanostructureinduced light harvesting in OPVs offers an attractive solution to realize high-performance OPVs, via the effects of antireflection, plasmonic scattering, surface plasmon polarization, localized surface plasmon resonance and optical cavity. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in nanostructure-induced light harvesting in OPVs and discuss various light-trapping strategies by incorporating nanostructures in OPVs and the fabrication processing of the micro-patterns with high resolution, large area, high yield and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteomic approaches have been proven to provide an important tool in identifying drug resistance-associated proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein profiling of drug resistance-related proteins in small-cell lung cancer ( SCLC) by proteomic analysis. The proteomic profiling was performed by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D- DIGE) coupled with MALDI- TOF- TOF of SCLC in the multidrug-resistant cell line H69 AR and its parental cell line H69. A total of 11 proteins were identified to be >2-fold up-or downregulated between the two cell lines. DJ-1, one of the differently expressed proteins identified by proteomics, was further examined by immunohistochemistry staining in 116 cases of SCLC tissues. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that DJ-1 was expressed in 51.7% (60/116) of SCLC. DJ-1 expression was correlated significantly with survival time of SCLC patients ( P < 0.05), but not with other clinical parameters such as gender, age and clinical stage ( P > 0.05). Downregulation of DJ-1 using DJ-1-si RNA in H69 AR cells sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through increasing drug-induced cell apoptosis accompanied with G0-G1 phase arrest. These findings suggest DJ-1 may serve as a potential biomarker for chemoresistance and prognostic factor for patients with SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our previous study indicated that WW domain binding protein 5 (WBP5) expression was elevated significantly in a drug-resistant cell compared with its parental cell. Nevertheless, its functional role and underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Methods: In this study, WBP5 was examined in 62 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient samples by immunohistochemical technique. Stable WBP5-overexpressed and WBP5-underexpressed cells were further established to assess the role of WBP5 in drug resistance, apoptosis and tumour growth. We also conducted western blot to detect the expression of MST2 and YAP1 and their phosphorylated protein.Results: The results revealed that WBP5 expression was significantly associated with the shorter survival time in SCLC patients. Upregulation of WBP5 induced multidrug resistance (MDR) and decreased apoptosis, whereas downregulation of WBP5 enhanced drug sensitivity and increased apoptosis. We also found that miR-335 negatively regulated the MDR of WBP5 by targeting its 3'UTR. Furthermore, WBP5 can lower YAP1 phosphorylation at Serine 127 and induce nuclear accumulation of YAP1. Inhibition of YAP1 by Verteporfin could blunt the MDR phenotype of WBP5.Conclusions: WW domain binding protein 5 can modulate MDR through the Hippo pathway under the regulation of miR-335. WW domain binding protein 5 may be a prognostic predictor and a potential target for interfering with MDR in SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We evaluated the effects of T helper cell differentiation in a mite-allergic animal model treated with inhaled heparins of different molecular weight. Method: BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: 1. Control, 2. Mite intratracheal (mIT), 3. Inhaled heparin (hIN), 4. Inhaled low-molecular-weight heparin (lmwhIN). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were sensitized twice with Der p allergen subcutaneously on day 1 and day 8. Der p allergen was administered intratracheally on day 15. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with heparin or low-molecular-weight (lmw) heparin intranasally from day 1 to 22. Splenocytes from sacrificed mice stimulated with 16 µg/ml of Der p were cultured for 72 hours. Supernatants of splenocyte were collected to analyze the effect of Interleukin (IL)17-A/F, Interferon(IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. Serum was also collected for Der P-specific IgE level on day 23. Total RNA was extracted from spleen tissue for mRNA expression. Gene expression of Foxp3, IL-10 IFN-γ, GATA3, IL-5, and RORγt were analyzed. Results: Both hIN and lmwhIN groups had lower serum IgE level than that of the mIT group (both p<0.0001). Both hIN and lmwhIN groups showed significantly decreased transcripts of GATA-3, IFN-γ, IL-5, and RORγt mRNA in their spleen. Regarding the supernatant of splenocyte culture stimulated with Der p, compared with the mIT group, there were significant decreases in IL-17A/F, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 secretion in inhaled hIN and lmwhIN groups. Conclusions: From this balb/c mice study, the analyses of mRNA and cytokines revealed that both intranasal heparin and lmw heparin treatment decreased the expression of Th1, Th2, and Th17 in spleen. The underlying mechanism(s) warrant further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a planar lens array is proposed to combine distributed sources. The array consists of specially tailored perfect lenses based on a negative-index material and transformation electromagnetics. The material parameters in each sector are homogeneous. High-efficiency spatial power combination for omnidirectional radiation, which is difficult to achieve by any conventional technique, can be obtained using the proposed array. The numerical results of specific examples demonstrate that the sources embedded in the array are virtually shifted to a distance from their original locations to the required place. Thus, the perfect power combination is achieved. A specific design is also provided to illustrate that a high-efficiency directional radiation system can be easily constructed when the array is combined with a planar reflector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides which can carry various types of molecules into cells; however, although most CPPs rapidly penetrate cells in vitro, their in vivo tissue-targeting specificities are low. Herein, we describe cell-binding, internalization, and targeting characteristics of a newly identified 10-residue CPP, denoted ECP32–41, derived from the core heparin-binding motif of human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Besides traditional emphasis on positively charged residues, the presence of cysteine and tryptophan residues was demonstrated to be essential for internalization. ECP32–41 entered Beas-2B and wild-type CHO-K1 cells, but not CHO cells lacking of cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), indicating that binding of ECP32–41 to cell-surface GAGs was required for internalization. When cells were cultured with GAGs or pre-treated with GAG-digesting enzymes, significant decreases in ECP32–41 internalization were observed, suggesting that cell-surface GAGs, especially heparan sulfate proteoglycans were necessary for ECP32–41 attachment and penetration. Furthermore, treatment with pharmacological agents identified two forms of energy-dependent endocytosis, lipid-raft endocytosis and macropinocytosis, as the major ECP32–41 internalization routes. ECP32–41 was demonstrated to transport various cargoes including fluorescent chemical, fluorescent protein, and peptidomimetic drug into cultured Beas-2B cells in vitro, and targeted broncho-epithelial and intestinal villi tissues in vivo. Hence this CPP has the potential to serve as a novel vehicle for intracellular delivery of biomolecules or medicines, especially for the treatment of pulmonary or gastrointestinal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulation of vector wave scattering from three-dimensional (3-D) target and rough surface composite model is investigated with a 3-D multilevel UV method. Due to the adoption of RWG basis functions for accurate modeling of vector current, the oscillation of the interaction matrix elements brings difficulty to directly apply the UV decomposition method. Based on the reordering of the interaction strength and the sampling according to the characteristics distribution of the interaction, an EM- interaction-based sampling algorithm is developed for the accurate reconstruction of the far interaction submatrix with UV decomposition method. Combined with multilevel division of the total composite model, the 3-D multilevel UV method incorporating the new sampling algorithm is developed for vector wave scattering from 3-D complex target above or on a random rough surface. The 3-D multilevel UV method yields a complexity of O(N log N) for the setup time of the impedance matrix, the solve time of the matrix iterative solution and also for the memory requirements. The accuracy and the efficiency of the 3-D multilevel UV method is compared and validated with the full MOM method and the ACA method in the tested cases. Finally, the applications of a target above or on the rough surface, for example, a ship on the sea surface, have been accomplished and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, 1-D range profiles of a 2-D perfect electric conductor (PEC) target above a 2-D PEC rough surface are investigated with numerical solutions for the electric field integral equations (EFIEs) of the combined scattering model. The backscattering is computed accurately by the reradiation of the induced surface currents on the target and the rough surface. Using a stepped frequency waveform (SFW), 1-D high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of the target above a rough surface are obtained by performing the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the wideband backscattered field. Plots of range profiles show that the multiple interactions between the target and the bottom surface lead to a series of equivalent range profiles, especially when the bottom surface is smooth. Range locations of the equivalent range profiles are in good agreement with the results expected from the ray theory. The range profiles could be understood and analyzed based on the knowledge of the scattering mechanisms. Thus, the connection between the numerically simulated range profiles and the scattering mechanisms is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic zeolite Beta in bead format and containing Al sites with Brønsted acid behavior and Sn, Zr or Hf sites with Lewis acid character, were prepared using a two-step synthetic route. First, zeolite Beta in the format of macroscopic beads (400 to 840 μm) with hierarchical porosity (micropores accessed through meso- and macropores in the range of 30 to 150 nm) were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization in the presence of anion-exchange resin beads as hard template and further converted into their H-form. Next, the zeolite beads were partially dealuminated using different concentrations of HNO3 (i.e., 1.8 or 7.2 M), followed by grafting with one of the above-mentioned metals (Sn, Zr or Hf) to introduce Lewis acid sites. These bimetallic zeolites were tested as heterogeneous catalysts in the conversion of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) to methyl lactate (ML). The Sn-containing zeolite Beta beads treated by 1.8 M HNO3 and grafted with 27 mmol of SnCl4 (Sn-deAl-1.8-Beta-B) demonstrated the best catalytic activity among the prepared bimetallic zeolite beads, with 99% selectivity and 90% yield of ML after 6 h at 90 °C. This catalyst was also tested in combination with Au-Pd nanoparticles supported on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as multifunctional catalytic system for the conversion of glycerol to ML, achieving 29% conversion of glycerol and 67% selectivity towards ML after 4.5 h at 140 °C under 30 bar air. The catalytic results were rationalized by means of a thorough characterization of the zeolitic beads with a combination of techniques (XRD, N2-physisorption, SEM, XRF, TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy and pyridine-FT-IR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human ribonucleases A (hRNaseA) superfamily consists of thirteen members with high-structure similarities but exhibits divergent physiological functions other than RNase activity. Evolution of hRNaseA superfamily has gained novel functions which may be preserved in a unique region or domain to account for additional molecular interactions. hRNase3 has multiple functions including ribonucleolytic, heparan sulfate (HS) binding, cellular binding, endocytic, lipid destabilization, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, three putative multifunctional regions, (34)RWRCK(38) (HBR1), (75)RSRFR(79) (HBR2), and (101)RPGRR(105) (HBR3), of hRNase3 have been identified employing in silico sequence analysis and validated employing in vitro activity assays. A heparin binding peptide containing HBR1 is characterized to act as a key element associated with HS binding, cellular binding, and lipid binding activities. In this study, we provide novel insights to identify functional regions of hRNase3 that may have implications for all hRNaseA superfamily members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]