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Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Frugivores play differing roles in shaping dispersal patterns yet seed dispersal distance is rarely quantified across entire communities. We model seed dispersal distance using gut passage times and bird movement for the majority (39 interactions) of known bird-tree interactions on the island of Saipan to highlight differences in seed dispersal distances provided by the five avian frugivores. One bird species was found to be a seed predator rather than a disperser. The remaining four avian species dispersed seeds but differences in seed dispersal distance were largely driven by interspecific variation in bird movement rather than intraspecific variation in gut passage times. The median dispersal distance was at least 56 m for all species-specific combinations, indicating all species play a role in reducing high seed mortality under the parent tree. However, one species--the Micronesian Starling--performed 94% of dispersal events greater than 500 m, suggesting this species could be a key driver of long-distance dispersal services (e.g. linking populations, colonizing new areas). Assessing variation in dispersal patterns across this network highlights key sources of variation in seed dispersal distances and suggests which empirical approaches are sufficient for modelling how seed dispersal mutualisms affect populations and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the hypothesis that the oropharyngeal leak pressure would differ between the Guardian CPV™ and the LMA Supreme ™ in anaesthetised patients. We randomly assigned 120 patients to receive either the Guardian CPV or the LMA Supreme for airway management. Oropharyngeal leak pressure was measured during cuff inflation from 0 to 40 ml in 10-ml steps. In addition, intracuff pressure, fibreoptic position of the airway and drain tube, device insertion success, ventilation success, blood staining and airway morbidity were determined. Mean ( SD) oropharyngeal leak pressures for clinically acceptable cuff volumes of 20-40 ml were 31 (7) cmH2O for the Guardian CPV and 27 (7) cmH2O for the LMA Supreme (p < 0.0001); mean ( SD) intracuff pressures were 68 (33) cmH2O and 88 (43) cmH2O (p < 0.0001), respectively. We found no differences in device insertion success, ventilation success, fibreoptic position of the airway and drain tube, blood staining or airway morbidity. We conclude that the oropharyngeal leak pressure is better for the Guardian CPV than for the LMA Supreme in anaesthetised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Research in Cardiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evaluates the efficacy of carbon-11 acetate and [usp 18]F-FDG PET in the detection of prostate cancer, suspected relapse or metastatic disease using [sup 11]-acetate PET. Detection of lesions in 20/24 patients; Role for combined [sup 11]C-acetate/[sup 18]-F-FDG PET in the follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and persisting or increasing PSA.

Copyright of Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We have investigated the absorptive characteristics of CO2, N2O, COS, and CS2 as influenced by the addition of certain gases, such as H2, H2O, H2S, CH3OH, etc., acting as 'catalysts.' These catalysts shift the absorption bands to higher frequencies; the magnitudes of these shifts yield information respecting (1) the frequency at which each pure gas has its maximal absorption, and (2) the nature of the molecular collisions involved, and especially the effectiveness of these collisions in disturbing the vibrational states of the absorptive molecules. The results indicate that at atmospheric pressure and 23°C the absorption maxima for pure CO2, N2O, COS, and CS2 are shifted in each case by amounts proportional to the concentration of the added catalyst. The addition of one percent of H2O to CO2 shifts the absorption band for CO2 2250 kc; similarly, one percent of H2O shifts the CS2 band 2460 kc, the COS band 4200 kc, and the N2O band 427 kc. One percent of the other impurities produced shifts which varied from 20 to 1830 kc. Transition probabilities for the above gases have been calculated. These probabilities are characteristic of the colliding pair of molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show that embrittlement of steel deformed in a hydrogen atmosphere is caused by hydrogen entering the crystal lattice. Tensile tests are made under pure compressed hydrogen gas. It is shown that the hydrogen penetrates steel before any fissures develop. The penetration depends on the time of exposure of fresh surface produced by straining but does not depend directly on the strain rate. The hydrogen distribution vs depth was measured. It agrees with a transient distribution calculated with an apparent solubility (1 cu cm per 100 g at 150 kp per sq cm) and an apparent diffusivity (1.3·10 sq cm per sec). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the absorptive characteristics of CO2, N2O, COS, and CS2 as influenced by the addition of certain gases, such as H2, H2O, H2S, CH3OH, etc., acting as 'catalysts.' These catalysts shift the absorption bands to higher frequencies; the magnitudes of these shifts yield information respecting (1) the frequency at which each pure gas has its maximal absorption, and (2) the nature of the molecular collisions involved, and especially the effectiveness of these collisions in disturbing the vibrational states of the absorptive molecules. The results indicate that at atmospheric pressure and 23°C the absorption maxima for pure CO2, N2O, COS, and CS2 are at 20 kc, 153 kc, 287 kc, and 379 kc, respectively. The shift in each case is proportional to the concentration of the added catalyst. The addition of one percent of H2O to CO2 shifts the absorption band for CO2 2250 kc; similarly, one percent of H2O shifts the CS2 band 2460 kc, the COS band 4200 kc, and the N2O band 427 kc. One percent of the other impurities produced shifts which varied from 6 to 1500 kc. Transition probabilities for the above gases have been calculated; the results will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further measurements on the absorption of sound in CO2 reveal that the nonclassical (or collision) absorption begins at about 3000 cycles and increases rapidly for higher frequencies (to 34,000 cycles). This is probably a portion of the absorption band which has its maximum at about 105 cycles. The addition of small impurities, such as H2O and various alcohols, greatly reduces the absorption in the frequency range investigated, namely that corresponding to the ascending branch of the absorption band. This is explained on the assumption that the effect of such impurities is to shorten the lifetime of the vibration of the CO2 molecule, that is, the absorption maximum is shifted to higher frequencies. A similar shift of the dispersion band has been observed in the velocity measurements of Eucken, Becker, and others. Although the absorption in CO2 at 8000 cycles is quite large (of the order of 2 db/ft.), the addition of a small impurity of water vapor (less than 0.5 percent) reduces the absorption to less than that for pure N2. This is consistent with the classical theory, and probably means that at such frequencies there is very little, if any, nonclassical absorption in CO2 containing small impurities of H2O. This also is the case for certain other impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]