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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combined hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), glucosamine sulfate (GS), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) supplement on knee pain intensity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: This multicenter, observational, noninterventional study included 98 patients (78 females, 20 males; mean age: 52.8±6.5 years; range, 40 to 64 years) who had Grade 1-3 knee OA between May 2022 and November 2022. The patients were prescribed the combination of hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, MSM, GS, and CS as a supplement for knee OA. The sachet form of the combined supplement containing 1250 mg hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, 750 mg MSM, 750 mg GS, and 400 mg CS was used once daily for two consecutive months. Patients were evaluated according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Patients were scheduled to visit for follow-up four weeks (Visit 2) and eight weeks (Visit 3) after Visit 1 (baseline; day 0 of the study). Results: For the VAS-pain, WOMAC, WOMAC-subscale, and HAQ scores, the differences in improvement between the three visits were significant (p<0.001 for all). The patient compliance with the supplement was a median of 96.77%, both for Visit 2 and Visit 3. Conclusion: The combination of hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, MSM, GS, and CS for eight weeks in knee OA was considered an effective and safe nutritional supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the caregiver burden (CB) of informal caregivers for stroke survivors with and without dysphagia and to assess the relationship between the CB levels of informal caregivers for stroke survivors with dysphagia, patients’ swallowing-related quality of life (QoL), and patients’ stroke-specific QoL. Patients and methods: This multi-center, prospective, cross-sectional study included a total of 120 stroke patients (76 males, 44 females; mean age: 61.1±12.3 years; range, 19 to 86 years) between October 2019 and 2020. Of the patients, 57 had dysphagia and 63 had no dysphagia. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was used to classify the degree of functional dietary limitation caused by each patient’s swallowing impairment. Patients and caregivers completed the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), Swallowing Quality of Life (SWQoL) questionnaire, Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: The CB levels were higher in those caring for stroke patients with dysphagia than in those caring for stroke patients without dysphagia. Caregiver burden was found to be associated with patients’ swallowing-related QoL and stroke-related QoL. Significant predictors of high CB scores (F=2.55, R2=0.59; p=0.007) were being an employed caregiver (B=17.48, p=0.003), being a caregiver with high school (B=-19.6, p=0.03), and secondary school (B=-16.28, p=0.02) educational status, being son, daughter (B=30.63, p=0.007) or other relative of the patient (B=20.06, p=0.01), lower FOIS stage (B=-3.14, p=0.011), lower SWQoL (B=0.52, p=0.009) and lower SIS (B=-0.37, p=0.04) scores. Conclusion: Caregivers of stroke patients with dysphagia suffer from a higher CB than those without dysphagia. In stroke patients with dysphagia, swallowing-related QoL is associated with the QoL levels of stroke patients and the CB levels of their caregivers. Employment status, educational status of caregiver, caregiver’s relativity to the patient, FOIS stage, swallowing and stroke related QoL of the patients are factors related to burden levels of caregivers of stroke patients with dysphagia. These results may help health professionals to understand dysphagia as an essential source of CB and consider it, while planning treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of study was to develop the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale to evaluate the self-care practices of women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BRCL); and to examine the psycholinguistic and psychometric characteristics of this scale. The item pool of the scale was created based on the literature in this descriptive study. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used in evaluation of the validity; and item analyzes, the Cronbach's Alpha and Split Half analyzes were made for reliability in the study. The content validity index was found to be above 0.80. In the Explanatory Factor Analysis, a four-factor structure was obtained. In Confirmatory Factor Analysis, fit indices were found to be acceptable. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of the sub-dimensions of the scale varied between 0.62 and 0.86. It was determined the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale was a valid and reliable scale for women with BRCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Reducing lymphedema-associated burden and disability in the pediatric setting requires improved awareness and understanding clinical properties of the lymphedema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with pediatric lymphedema presented to different lymphedema centers in Turkey. Materials and methods: The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the children including age, gender, presence of genetic syndromes, duration of edema, site and stage of lymphedema and the received therapies were determined. Parental and children education on self-management techniques were recorded. Results: A total of 122 children (female: 66, male: 56) with a mean age of 120.7 ± 71.2 months were included from 7 centers. Of them; 92% had primary, 8% had secondary lymphedema mostly due to infection and trauma. Lymphedema was part of a syndrome in 18% of the children. The most common site of involvement was the lower extremity, followed by upper extremity and genital involvement. Lymphedema was complicated in 17 % of children, mainly with a clinical picture of cellulitis, infection, and pain. The median duration of lymphedema was 41 (5-216) months. Although most of the children had stage 2 lymphedema, only 40% of them received treatment. The most commonly received treatment was compression therapy. No family or child was educated for self- care management before. Conclusion: In conclusion, pediatric lymphedema has a comparable gender distribution and usually involves the lower extremities. Although most of the children had advanced disease, more than half of the patients did not receive any treatment indicating the unmet need for management of lymphedema. The education of patients and/or children about self-management methods were lacking. We suggest educational activities for both families of children with lymphedema and health care providers, in order to facilitate early reference to lymphedema units and to receive prompt preventive and therapeutic approaches for this suffering condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comment is a response to a study titled "A randomized controlled study evaluating the head-lift exercise in head and neck cancer patients with radiation-induced dysphagia: effect on swallowing function and health-related quality of life over 12 months." The commenter acknowledges the importance of the study, which included a large number of patients and was randomized. However, they raise some concerns about the study's findings. They suggest that the lack of significant change in quality of life may be due to differences in swallowing disorders depending on the location of the cancer. They also mention that the inclusion of patients between 6 and 36 months after radiotherapy may have affected the results, as late side effects of radiotherapy decrease over time. The commenter also suggests that more detailed information should have been provided about the evaluation of swallowing disorders and the definition and application of swallowing maneuvers. They conclude by emphasizing the need for clearer patient standardization in future studies evaluating exercise therapy for radiation-induced dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This study aims to adapt the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Arm (LSIDS-Arm) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. Patients and methods: Between September 2017 and July 2018, this descriptive, methodological study included a total of 186 women (mean age: 55.4±10.2 years; range, 20 to 80 years) who were diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and followed in the lymphedema outpatient clinic. Data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical features form, LSIDS-Arm, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Breast Cancer Scale+4 (FACT-B+4). After the linguistic and content validity of the scale was achieved, confirmatory factor analysis and known-groups validation were utilized to test the construct validity. Reliability of the survey was tested using the Cronbach alpha and Spearman Brown coefficient, item analysis, and parallel forms reliability. Results: All patients completed the questionnaire. After achievement of linguistic and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis results were found to be higher than the accepted value. Known-groups validation revealed a significant difference in the mean scores for the intensity and distress scales between the patients with and without lymphedema. Cronbach alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.61 to 0.86. Parallel forms reliability showed a moderate, significant correlation between subscales of the intensity and distress scales of the survey and the subscales of FACT-B+4. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the survey is valid and reliable and can be used to evaluate symptoms, severity of symptoms, and distress caused by BCRL symptoms in the Turkish women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this review, we present the safest and most effective diagnosis and treatment approaches to dysphagia during the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the light of available data, relevant literature, and personal experiences. Evaluations for dysphagia patients should be based on clinical assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic and instrumental assessment should be planned for very few number of patients. The main approach to rehabilitation must depend on compensatory methods, texture-modified foods, and postural strategies. Direct treatment methods should be avoided and home-based exercise programs should be encouraged. It is also obvious that there is a need for the development of new strategies for telemedicine/telerehabilitation practices in the new world order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) on the kinesthetic sense of hands, upper extremity function, and the quality of life in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Patients and methods: Between August 2018 and August 2019, total of 50 women with BCRL (mean age: 56.5±9.6 years; range, 36 to 71 years) were included in the study. Kinesthetic sense of the hand, upper extremity function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]), quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ-C30]), and arm volume of all patients were evaluated before and after the treatment. All patients received CDT for 20 sessions for 1 h over a total of four weeks. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the volume of the involved extremity was observed after the treatment (p<0.001). There was a significant decrease in the symptom score (p<0.001) and a significant improvement in the general health status and functional scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (p<0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). The DASH scores and visual and kinesthetic sense scores of the patients significantly improved after the treatment (p=0.016, p=0.008, and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results show that BCRL is a serious complication which may lead to impairment in the kinesthetic sense of hand and upper extremity function with the increased arm volume. The CDT is an effective and safe method not only to achieve significant volume reduction in the extremities, but also to achieve favorable results in managing these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate self-care practices, sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect self-care and patient education among women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Patients and methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included a total of 102 women with BCRL (median age: 59 years; range, 35 to 80 years) who received lymphedema (LE) treatment at least once between July 2014 and May 2016. A Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form and the Lymphedema Self-care Survey were used to collect data via face-to-face interviews. Results: The median LE self-care practices score for women was 10 (range, 5 to 14). A total of 39.1% of the women implemented regular self-care. A statistically significant relationship was found between the score for perceived benefit of LE self-care and the score for self-care practice. No statistically significant difference was found among the self-care scores of the women with LE in terms of sociodemographic and clinical factors, except for education status. A total of 90.2% of the women with LE received self-care education, mostly from a physical therapy specialist and a physiotherapist. There was a statistically significant difference among self-care scores between patients who were educated and uneducated about LE. Conclusion: It is recommended that healthcare professionals should educate patients diagnosed with breast cancer to reduce LE risk and promote the implementation of self-care practices following the breast cancer surgery. Interventions should be made to increase the perceived benefits and reduce the perceived barriers and burden towards self-care behaviors to prevent and manage LE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To determine whether complete decongestive therapy (CDT) used in breast cancer-related lymphedema affects muscle strength in the affected arm while assessing the efficacy of the therapy itself. Material and Methods: Seventy-four patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema were included in this study. The demographic and clinical history characteristics of the patients were taken. The patients were then evaluated with measurements of extremity volumes and handgrip strengths using a hand dynamometer before and after the CDT. Data were then assessed using relevant statistical methods. Results: The mean CDT duration was 17.5 ± 8.93 days for the patients. Therapy resulted in significant improvement in the affected arm (p < 0.01). The difference between the arm with lymphedema and the other side was statistically significant, and this difference remained after the therapy (p < 0.01). The change in handgrip strength in the side with lymphedema was not found to be statistically significant after therapy (p > 0.05). Handgrip strength differences and volume differences before and after the treatment in the affected arm were not correlated (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Limbs affected with lymphedema were found to be weaker in handgrip strength and this weakness continued throughout the therapy. Strengthening exercises should be considered to be added into the treatment of patients undergoing CDT to gain better functional potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary lymphedema mainly occurs as a result of impairment or obstruction of the lymphatic system. Although complex decongestive therapy is recognized as the best management technique of lymphedema, we encounter various patient profiles in our clinical practice and may need to apply alternative treatment options. In this article, we report a 57-year-old female patient with breast cancer-related lymphedema and arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis in the same arm. We performed low-level laser therapy treatment for 12 sessions, kinesio taping, and remedial exercises to the patient as the compression part of complex decongestive therapy was contraindicated in the AV fistula. Self-manual lymphatic drainage training and skin care education were also given. The arm volume difference was decreased from 691 mL to 454 mL after the treatments. Low-level laser therapy and kinesio taping should be kept in mind as alternative techniques for appropriate cases in the treatment of lymphedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcopenia is defined as, skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with age, chronic diseases, cancer, nutrition problems and physical inactivity. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia seems to involve degeneration of neurogenic, musculogenic, synaptogenic and vasculogenic systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic factors and inflammatory mechanisms. Early detection of sarcopenia in older adults and patients is important to prevent morbidity, functional decline and death and the diagnosis requires assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The strongest evidences in the treatment of sarcopenia are probably associated with the positive effects of resistance exercises on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Also protein intake needs to be increased. Positive results have been reported on supplementation with leucine, β- hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, Omega 3 and Vitamin D. Antioxidant intake naturally from food is recommended. There are promising studies related to angiotensin receptor blockers, oral anti-diabetic drugs. Interventions to prevent sarcopenia, treatment of the primarily responsible disease, suppression of inflammation, and treatment of metabolic syndromes constitute the basic components of a successful treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Comments on 'Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Edema in Lipedema Revealed by Noninvasive 3T MR Lymphangiography'" discusses the differences between lymphedema and lipedema, two conditions that can cause leg swelling. The study focuses on the use of imaging methods to diagnose these conditions, specifically the presence of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposits and interstitial fluid accumulation. The authors highlight the importance of considering factors such as fibrosis, the location of lymphedema, and the duration of the condition when evaluating patients. They suggest that early diagnosis is crucial and that advancements in imaging techniques can aid in this process. [Extracted from the article]

Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) manifest symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth, and dysphagia. This study aims to evaluate the swallowing functions of the patients with SS. 69 patients with SS (65 females, 4 males) and 40 healthy individuals (33 females, 7 males) were included as study and control groups, respectively. Mean ages were 52.86 and 48.25 years for study and control groups, respectively. Swallowing functions were evaluated by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). All the patients underwent FEES and were given 3, 5, and 10 ml water, yogurt, and fish-shaped crackers twice, respectively. The presence of bolus control, residue, penetration, and aspiration were evaluated. Additionally, certain types of foods triggering the dysphagia, any difficulties in bolus control, need to clean the throat, sensation of having a lump in the throat, sensation of choking, and xerostomia were included in the questionnaire. The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered to patients. Considering the presence of residue with yogurt and fish cracker, there was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Penetration was present in two patients in the study group; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Regarding the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, the average scores were 48.18 ± 13.21 and 87.6 ± 10.67 for study and control groups, respectively, and a statistically significant difference was detected (P < 0.05). Regarding the Beck Depression Inventory, the average scores were 11.83 ± 9.37 and 8.03 ± 6.84 for study and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). SS affected the swallowing functions significantly. The presence of residue with yogurt and cracker was the most obvious finding, whereas penetration/aspiration was not clinically significant. Swallowing dysfunction reduced the quality of life in patients with SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agri: Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology / Türk Algoloji (Ağrı) Derneği'nin Yayın Organıdır is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare the bladder- related quality of life between patients with SCI and multiple sclerosis (MS). Material and methods: Thirty-five patients with SCI and 57 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were included in the study. For analysis of test-retest reliability, the Turkish version of the KHQ scale was developed using the back translation method, and it was administered on the day of admission and again one week later. The Qualiveen and SF-36 questionnaires were administered to the patients for validity analysis. Moreover, the results of KHQ that had been administered to 35 patients with SCI were compared with those of 57 patients with MS. Results: Both the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.68-0.93) and the test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.69-0.94) of the KHQ in patients with SCI were found to be high. Although a weak correlation between the subscales of the KHQ and SF-36, a moderate correlation between the subscales of KHQ, and the Qualiveen questionnaire (0.34

Objectives: To investigate the effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) on the quality of life, depression, neuropathic pain, and fatigue in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Patients and methods: Between March 2015 and June 2015, a total number of 60 patients (mean age 55.7±10.3 years; range 18 to 85 years) with BCRL were included in the study. Demographic data and previous medical records were recruited from medical files. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) for the quality of life, the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) for fatigue, Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) for neuropathic pain, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the emotional status were used before and after the treatment. All patients received 20 sessions (one hour) of CDT for four weeks (five days per week). Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the volume of the involved limbs after the treatment (p<0.001). There was also a significant reduction in the general health and functional scores of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (p<0.001, p=0.004, respectively). The DN4, BFI, and BDI scores were significantly improved after the treatment (p<0.001, p=0.043, p=0.019, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that CDT is an effective and safe method to achieve not only a significant volume reduction in the limbs involved by lymphedema, but also good outcomes in the management of other symptoms related to BCRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geriatrics / Türk Geriatri Dergisi is the property of Turkish Geriatrics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: In clinical practice, noticeable differences are seen in patient response to the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Although some factors influencing response to treatment are mentioned in the literature, there is no sufficient evidence and results are confusing. For this reason, our objective in this study is to identify predictive and response-related factors for response to treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Methods: We analyzed data retrospectively from the files of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema between 2006 and 2012. Patient demographics, clinical variables, and patient variables were recorded. Circumference measurements of lymphedema and healthy arms were recorded. We used a computer program (Limb Volumes Professional version 5.0) to transform these values to limb volumes in milliliters. Results: The average age of 331 patients was 54.4 ± 10.9. The average length of lymphedema treatment was 2.92 ± 1.3 weeks. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between postoperative weight gain and postoperative duration, number of chemotherapy (CT) cycles, duration of tamoxifen use, and duration of hormonal therapy ( p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between posttreatment arm volume and activity level, postoperative duration, and postoperative weight gain ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment methods used for treating breast cancer had no effect on the response to treatment of lymphedema. Weight gain during the treatment of breast cancer is important for both the development of lymphedema and the response to treatment. When treating breast cancer-related lymphedema, the relationship between activity level and postoperative weight gain may provide us guidance in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geriatrics / Türk Geriatri Dergisi is the property of Turkish Geriatrics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geriatrics / Türk Geriatri Dergisi is the property of Turkish Geriatrics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romatizma/Rheumatism is the property of Turkish League Against Rheumatism / Turkiye Romatizma Arastirma ve Savas Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romatizma/Rheumatism is the property of Turkish League Against Rheumatism / Turkiye Romatizma Arastirma ve Savas Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romatizma/Rheumatism is the property of Turkish League Against Rheumatism / Turkiye Romatizma Arastirma ve Savas Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and many patients suffer from serious complaints in their arms and shoulders due to the disease itself or the treatment used. Although shoulder morbidity was shown to be a major complication in patients with breast cancer in the study, the absence of any data on lymphedema attracted our attention [[4]]. Apparent weight gain in these patients following their breast cancer treatment increases the risk of shoulder problems and lymphedema, another issue deserving attention [[5]]. [Extracted from the article]

The author reflects on the efficacy of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in the treatment of dysphagia, a significant health problem with dramatic outcomes such as malnutrition, increased morbidity and mortality and advanced disability. Topics discussed include the addition of NMES to the conventional treatment in patients with stroke and the need to discuss the placebo effect of NMES and studies that should focus on this issue.