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Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the relationship between feelings of disgust and moral sensitivity experienced by nurses when nurses develop negative feelings toward patients in the process of the nursing work, and examine possible support measures for nurses. Methods: A self-rating questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,500 nurses working in 15 facilities, and among the responses 371 were determined to be valid (24.7%). The questionnaire is comprised of 20 items from the Negative Feeling toward Patient Frequency scale [1], Japanese Version of the Revised Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (J-MSQ)[2], Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg [3,4], demographics and workplace environmental factors. Results: The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient with J-MSQ showed no significant correlation between the mean score of feelings of disgust when developing negative feelings toward patients, but statistically significantly positive correlations (p = 0.23 p < .01) were found with the mean score of the Self-Esteem Scale. Conclusions: The findings suggest the effectiveness of support measures for nurses to maintain and improve self-esteem so that they will be able to provide nursing without losing moral sensitivity even in situations where they experience developing negative feelings toward patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the needs of patients and families who wish for quality, assuring, and safe medical care, and the diversity of medical tasks due to advances in and the complexity of medical care, medical practices has currently been changing from conventional models to team medical care in Japan. Because nurses are engaged in a wide range of tasks in medical settings, from medical checkup and treatment to the assistance of patients in the medical treatment they engage in, they are expected to collaborate with patients, physicians, and other medical staff as the “key person for team medical care” [1]. The roles that nurses are required to play in promoting team medical care are also extremely various, and it is important for team medical care to improve the awareness and skills of individual nurses to enable and effect collaboration. Previous studies reported that there are difficulties in collaboration between nurses and staff in other medical professions due to barriers including the differences in values specific to different medical professionals and the hierarchy comprising physicians [2, 3]. The authors previous study found that physicians give instructions only to nurses they trust and consider reliable, and do not share information with nurses they consider less reliable [4]. In this study, we define team collaboration as the cooperation between nurses and physicians in wards as the key persons, and aim to develop an original scale to evaluate ward team collaboration by examining the elements of the concept hypothesized as factors related to team collaboration by reviewing qualitative studies on team collaboration by the present authors and as reported in previous studies. Methods: We examined hypothesized elements of the concept from a previous study related to team collaboration reported by the authors [4] as well as from the clinical experience of the authors, and from existing scales and qualitative studies, created an item pool of 153 items, and developed an original scale to evaluate ward team collaboration by conducting brainstorming repeatedly with 20 to 25 nursing administration researchers. Finally, we created an original scale to evaluate ward team collaboration comprised of 29 items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to identify the characteristics of factors related to assertiveness of preceptors of novice nurses. Methods: An anonymous self-rating questionnaire survey was administered to 1292 preceptors working in participating city and university hospitals across Japan. The survey had question items from the Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (J-RAS, 30 items), and included demographic details, evaluation of the novice nurses, instruction framework, self-evaluation of the preceptors, workplace environment, and a burnout inventory (Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, 22 items). Bivariate analyses were conducted using assertiveness as the objective variable, and other surveyed items as explanatory variables. Selecting variables with p values smaller than 0.2 obtained in the bivariate analysis as explanatory variables, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. For the analyses, we used a statistics analysis software package, SPSS Statistic 22. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of University A. Results: Excluding nurse administrators, responses from 836 participants 79.4%) were analyzed. Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the factor most strongly related to the improvement of assertiveness of preceptors were ‘making rapid decisions’. The characteristics of the factor were having ‘longer clinical experience’, thinking that ‘novice nurses are mentally weak’, ‘with poor skills’, the preceptors ‘themselves to be as valuable as others’, and ‘having confidence in their nursing in the present workplace’, and with the ‘Total burnout score significantly low’. Discussion: The characteristics of preceptors who evaluated themselves to be able to ‘make rapid decisions’, which is most strongly related to the improvement in the assertiveness of the preceptors, include longer clinical experience, seeing novice nurses as they are, and the preceptors evaluating themselves positively. Previous studies have also reported that these are important factors for preceptors to interact with novice nurses in an assertive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify role model behaviors (conduct) of senior nurses as perceived by newly graduated nurses. The study population is five junior nurses in the second year of their nursing experience, and the study design is a case of qualitative research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide and then transcribed. From the transcribed data, codes were extracted by paying attention not to impair the contexts of sentences. The codes were labeled, and integrated into subcategories and categories according to the similarity of the contents. The results yielded five categories: Ability to listen and explain; Making assessments and evaluate the patient condition accurately; Knowledge and skills based on experience; Nursing based on nursing perspectives; and Near future focus. Newly graduated nurses feel difficulty to act in situations which they have not already experienced during the period of nursing studies, and also difficulty to explain matters to patients and staff in different occupations including physicians. Newly graduated nurses observe senior nurses by listening and as the senior nurses provide explanations as a role model, and through this adopt work skills in the nursing work. They also learn and internalize knowledge on how to assess the conditions of patients including mental aspects based on the advice and nursing records of senior nurses. Further, they aspire to establish their own nursing perspectives and practice nursing skills based on their experience and the nursing practices of senior nurses. Newly graduated nurses saw relatively less experienced senior nurses including second year nurses as immediately present and near future goals. For these reasons, it is suggested that quality nursing practice of senior nurses is indispensable in training newly graduated nurses, and that the presence of nurses who have various degrees of experience is necessary in the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand the leadership behaviors of shift leader nurses (shift leaders) in relation to medical staff, patients, and their families. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 369 shift leaders, with questions covering specific behaviors such as “what is specifically paid attention to, what is considered important, and what they, as shift leaders, make effort to deal with in responding to medical staff during their shifts”. We collected 228 valid responses from shift leaders with the mean age 32.8 ± 6.6 and the mean length of working as a nurse 10.9 ± 6.0 years, and performed a content analysis based on the Kippendorff method. Leadership behaviors were classified as follows: 1. Assisting team members; 2. Showing consideration for team members; 3. Educating and training team members; 4. Ensuring confirmation of work performed and sharing information; 5. Arranging matters and giving instructions; 6. Solving problems; 7. Cooperating with superiors; 8. Cooperating with physicians; 9. Cooperating with other departments; 10. Providing support for the lives of patients and family in the medical treatment. Overall, it is concluded that shift leaders show leadership in various manners, specifically toward team members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to describe situations where “preceptors wanted to convey matters to novice nurses but felt unable to, or wanted to say no but felt they could not” in situations where preceptors were unable to be adequately assertive to novice nurses in the workplace. Methods: We administered a self-rating anonymous questionnaire survey to 101 preceptors, focusing on “situations where preceptors wanted to be assertive to novice nurses in the workplace but felt they were unable to, during the last one year”. Data were classified based on the content analysis method by Krippendorff. Results: The analysis suggested the following eight situations: (1) at assigned duties, (2) for ways of speaking, (3) submission of study assignments, (4) making requests to perform tasks, (5) attitudes toward work, (6) manners, (7) coming to work late, and (8) private talking while on duty. Conclusion: The findings show that there are a variety of situations where preceptors feel unable to tell novice nurses what they really want to say. Further, it is suggested that preceptors regard the relationship with novice nurses as important, and worry about the novice nurses resigning due to poor mutual relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to identify and specify the concept of difficulty in child rearing of mothers one month after giving birth, and utilize the data for the development of a scale to measure the difficulties in child rearing of mothers at one month after giving birth. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on the method by Rodgers (2000) [1]. Results: The following categories were identified: as attributes, three categories, < difficulty in lactation >, < difficulty in child care >, and < delayed formation of affection of mothers towards the child >; as antecedents, four categories < mother at high risk >, < physiological changes in the postpartum period >, < negative experience of pregnancy and giving birth >, and < social issues concerning child rearing >; and as consequences, four categories, < deterioration of self-efficacy >, < tendency towards becoming depressed >, < child abuse risk >, and < impact on the QOL of the mother >. Based on these results, we defined the difficulties in child rearing of mothers at one month after giving birth as ‘difficulty in lactation of the mothers who are developing mothering roles, and delays in the formation of affection of the mother towards the child while feeling distress and frustration in the process of caring for the child’. Conclusions: The results of the analysis detail the definition, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept to elucidate the difficulties in child rearing of mothers at one month after giving birth. The findings suggest that the concept elucidated here would be useful in developing a scale to measure the difficulties in child rearing of mothers at one month after giving birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of a scale to measure the experience of nursing students to form terminally ill patient-nurse relationships. Methods: Self-rating questionnaires were mailed to third year students enrolled in the three-year courses of 26 nursing vocational schools in the Kanto region of Japan. We developed a scale to measure the experience of nursing students to form terminally ill patient-nurse relationships based on interviews with students, and had a professional team examine the validity of the results. The responses were subjected to an item analysis of a draft scale with 38 items and an exploratory factor analysis using the maximum-likelihood method, and also a Promax Rotation. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, 13 items and 3 factors were extracted. The cumulative contribution rate of the 13 items was 58.46%, and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.9. We named Factor I , Factor II , and Factor III . Discussion: The reliability and validity of the scale were largely verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to clarify the relationship between home environment and burnout in female nurses with preschool-age children who use day nursery in Japan. Methods: The subjects included 832 female nurses with preschool-age children who use day nursery agreed to cooperate with our study in Japan. In order to provide information, the nurses completed a survey evaluating home environment and burnout. Home environment was composed of four categories: human stimulation, social stimulation, avoidance of restriction and social support. Burnout was operationally defined as a total MBI score in the highest tertile. Results: We obtained valid responses from 528 nurses who had consented to join the study. Chi-square analysis indicated the significant differences in relationship between all categories of home environment and burnout. Conclusions: Female nurses with preschool-age children who use day nursery in Japan tend to have risk in home environment if they burned out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A questionnaire survey was conducted of 1283 nursing care staff in geriatric health service facilities in the Kanto district of Japan to identify the relationship between negative feelings towards elderly patients in the facilities and nursing care staff. We collected and analyzed data from 710 responses with the mean age of respondents 36.67 ± 11.03 years (Mean ± SD). The mean score of burnout of these nursing care staff was 11.97 ± 3.03 (p < .01), and the mean scores of negative feelings was 2.94 ± 2.42. The results suggest that the subscale of negative emotions, “negative feelings nursing care staff develop towards elderly patients” and “negative feelings passively developed by nursing care staff due to elderly patients” are related to burnout. It is necessary to develop measures to control negative feelings of nursing care staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify levels of assertiveness among preceptors of novice nurses one year after the commencement of employment and determine factors related to their assertiveness. An anonymous self-rating questionnaire survey was administered to 1292 preceptors working in participating city and university hospitals across Japan. The survey had question items from the Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (J-RAS, 30 items) characteristics for the participants (demographic details), evaluation of the novice nurses, instruction framework, self-evaluation of the preceptors, working environment, and a burnout inventory (Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, 22 items). Bivariate analyses (T-tests and oneway analysis of variance) were conducted using assertiveness as the objective variable, and other surveyed items as explanatory variables. Bivariate analyses (t-tests and one-way analysis of variance) were conducted using assertiveness as the objective variable, and other surveyed items as explanatory variables. Selecting variables with p values smaller than 0.2 obtained in the bivariate analysis as explanatory variables, and also a multiple linear regression analysis (Stepwise method). For the analyses, we used a statistics analysis software, SPSS Statistic 22. Excluding administrative nurses, responses from 885 participants (83.7%) were analyzed. Factors related to higher levels of the assertiveness of preceptors were 'Making rapid decisions', 'Having confidence in the nursing at the present workplace', and 'Having persons outside workplace to consult with', and a factor related to lower levels of the assertiveness was 'High total burnout score' (adjusted R2, 22.4%). Factors related to higher levels of the assertiveness of preceptors of novice nurses one year after the commencement of employment were having positive self-evaluations and having persons outside workplace to consult with. The factor related to lower assertiveness was a high total burnout score. It was found that a positive self-evaluation was associated with higher assertiveness and lower likelihood of burnout regardless of when the instruction of novice nurses takes place. It is necessary for supervisors to promote the assertiveness of preceptors by improving the working environment to ensure assertiveness and prevent burnout. Such conditions will make it possible for preceptors to build an assertive relationship with novice nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify differences in the health conditions and social contributions of the elderly in relation to the degree of volunteer activity participation, and determine what effective support can be provided for these elderly persons. The participants are elderly persons participating in volunteer activities, living in municipal housing owned by the Kumamoto prefecture in Japan. We classified the participants into an active group who contributed to the raising of funds for activities, and a non-active group. We conducted group interviews with the volunteers, organized interview data on the thoughts of the two groups according to the five perspectives of the balanced score card (BSC): (1) learning and development, (2) participants, (3) financial matters, (4) process of the activities, and (5) social contributions, and conducted a Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis. When comparing the strengths of the two groups, the active group showed the following characteristics in the information collecting: more variety in the collected information (perspective of learning and development), ease of obtaining information of potential volunteers (perspective of participants), knowledge of how to raise funds (perspective of financial matters), and physically more active and knowledge of the local community (perspective of social contributions). From the perspective of the process of activities, both groups place importance on the relations among people. For weaknesses, and from the perspective of learning and development, the active group had difficulty in maintaining their motivation, and from the perspective of financial matters this group had difficulties in securing funds. From the perspective of social contributions, the non-active group depended on the active members. From the perspective of participants, both groups experienced a decline in physical function with age, and from the perspective of the individual circumstances make it difficult to participate in all activities. Participants in this study are members of a volunteer group of elderly persons voluntarily formed in a regional city in Kumamoto prefecture where the elderly population accounts for 25.7% and is expected to increase. It appears that there is a selfand mutual-help relationship between active and non-active members where non-active members rely on the active members who assist the non-active members to be in harmony with the volunteer activities led by the active members, and that this relationship helps maintain independent lives. For the strengths, active members were able to collect more information from the perspective of learning and development, and contributed more through physical activity from the perspective of social contributions. It can be inferred that physically more active elderly persons are in a situation where they remain able to use their cognitive functions to collect information. For the weaknesses, the active members experienced loss of motivation. This may be due to the possibility that active members feel it a burden to assist non-active members. We wish to conduct further studies to understand how to maintain and improve motivation. The results of the SWOT analysis with the perspectives of the BSC showed that there are differences in health conditions and social contributions of the elderly depending on the participation in volunteer activities, and what types of support from health services can be expected to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2012 a norovirus infection outbreak occurred in the Orthopedic Surgery Ward of Hospital A in Japan. This study aims to establish details of coping behaviors used by nurses and physicians of the facility, and examine the issues involved in infection control as well as the ways employed to deal with the infections. Participants in this study were twenty-two nurses and four physicians who were working in the facility at the time the infection outbreak occurred, and who were still working there when the interviews were conducted. Interviews were conducted from January to April 2015, and the data from the interviews were analyzed using the "Trend Search 2008" text mining software. As a result of the analysis it was found that the nurses primarily communicated information by passing messages to the nurses who took over the duty at shift changes, but did not pass on the information to other staff or to the ward as a whole. The nurses clearly remembered that the ward was closed and it was a difficult experience, but did not remember details of the patients they were in charge of. The physicians clearly remembered individual patients they were in charge of, but they were not aware of the situation and state throughout the ward. The findings suggest that this difference is due to the differences in the occupational nature and sense of values of the staff involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify factors related to the administrative abilities of nurses, and contribute to the improvements in education programs and arrangements for nurse administrators. We distributed a self-rating questionnaire survey to 1291 head nurses and administrative staff in positions equivalent to head nurse in 69 participating hospitals among the 172 hospitals with 300 beds or more in the Kanto and Tokai regions of Japan. The surveyed items are ability in nurse administration, demographic characteristics, support from superiors, and workplace environment. We received 984 (76.2%) responses. Excluding responses that included two or more choices to a question and where there was no response to questions of gender and administrative abilities, this left 880 (68.2%) responses which were considered valid and these were included in the further analysis. As a result of a multiple regression analysis for factors related to the administrative abilities of nurses, administrative abilities are better for head nurses who reported that "My judgment in nursing is appropriate", "I am decisive", "I can demonstrate my ability in this job", and "I fulfill my responsibilities to achieve goals in accordance with my beliefs", as well as those who participate in workshops for nurse administrators. Head nurses who showed poorer administrative abilities reported that "I am satisfied with the rewards earned", and "I became less kind to people since I became a nurse". The findings suggest that head nurses who are confident in their decision making abilities may have better administrative abilities. In addition, head nurses with low cynicism (only little of negative attitude) scores, a subscale of the burnout score, appear to have better administrative abilities. The head nurses with better administrative abilities tend to feel that they are not sufficiently rewarded for fulfilling their duties. Education programs for nurse administrators need to include measures that enable administrative staff to work with self-confidence while preventing them from developing cynical attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify factors related to burnout among home visit nurses in Japan. A questionnaire survey of 1,423 home visit nurses. Items on the questionnaire were Individual factors, work environment, work-life balance, career commitment, communication skills, and burnout(MBIGS) score. Multiple regression analysis was performed using three subscales of burnout as objective variables. There were 559 valid responses (39.3%). A multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the following factors were related to burnout. It was found that low career commitment, lack of work-life balance due to insufficient arrangements for an attractive working environment (difficulty in taking vacations), and poor communication skills are related to a higher likelihood of burnout among home visit nurses. It was also found that home visit nurses who feel the means of transportation to be a burden, who are 'poor at management including the schedule management (arrangement)', and who 'feel it a burden to visit terminally ill patients' have a higher likelihood of burnout. At the same time, home visit nurses who 'feel rewards at the nursing at patient homes' and who have the confidence to 'encourage patients (family) to use their abilities' have a lower likelihood of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to clarify the relationship between burnout and assertiveness in female nurses with preschool-age children in Japan. Methods: The directors at 24 hospitals agreed to cooperate with our study. During a one-month period from October to November 2014, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 832 female nurses with preschool-age children. The Japanese version of Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a visual analog scale (0 to 100mm) for assertiveness used as scales. Burnout was operationally defined as a total MBI score in the highest tertile. Results: We obtained valid responses from 528 nurses who had consented to join the study. 178 (33.7%) of the subjects had experienced burnout. In the scale for assertiveness, 116 of the subjects were "very low" (0 to 25 mm), 138 of the subjects were "somewhat low" (26 to 50 mm), 163 of the subjects were "somewhat high" (51 to 75 mm) and 107 of the subjects were "very high" (76 to 100 mm). Chi-square analysis indicated the significant differences in relationship between burnout and assertiveness in female nurses with preschool-age children in Japan. The weaker self-assertion, the easier it is to burn out. Conclusions: Female nurses with preschool-age children in Japan tend to burn out easily if their assertiveness was "very low". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to further elucidate the process of identity adaptation in people with schizophrenia by talking to them about their illness. We had semi-structured interviews with nine community-dwelling people with schizophrenia to gather the data of them. Analysis was performed with Krippendorfs approach to content analysis. Eleven content categories were derived: "illness acceptance", "self-control", "help from family", "help from friends", "help from doctors or nurses", "modifying thinking", "social roles and activities", "worthwhile work", "enjoyment of life", "being happy", and "being free". Participants with schizophrenia were found to attain "illness acceptance" based on "help from family", "help from friends", and "help from doctors and nurses". As a result of an interactive process surrounding the concepts of "illness acceptance", "self-control" and "modifying thinking" the participants sought out "social roles and activities" and "worthwhile work" to acquire a social identity. Thus, it was found that the participants felt they "enjoyed life they were happy" and "they were Free", because they were productive members of Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify factors related to career commitment among home visiting nurses in Japan. A questionnaire survey of 1,423 home visiting nurses. Items on the questionnaire were Individual factors, work environment, work life balance, burnout (MBI-GS) and career commitment. Multiple regression analysis was performed using career commitment as the objective variable. There were 569 valid responses (40.0%), and 559 (39.3%), excluding male respondents, were analyzed. The multiple regression analysis identified 8 items as related to career commitment of home visiting nurses; 1) A sense of reward in nursing at patient homes, 2) Cynicism (MBIGS), 3) Satisfaction with own private life, 4) Person to respect present in the workplace, 5) To be able to provide and apply information about social resources and programs in a timely manner, 6) Feeling uneasy about performing medical treatment alone, 7) Professional efficacy (MBI-GS), 8) To have a good relationships with physicians. The career commitment of home visiting nurses was closely related to "feeling of rewards at patient homes" and "cynicism (burnout)". From this, it would seem necessary to support home visiting nurses to make it feel rewarding to perform the home visit nursing and to have support arrangements to maintain this. In addition, satisfaction in private life is also a related factor, and in order to raise career commitment, it is necessary to consider the viewpoint of work life balance including provisions for holidays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sense of coherence (SOC) concept, which represents the ability to overcome difficulties, influences factors predicting mental health and protection for effects of stress. This study aimed to identify factors related to SOC among nurses because it provides early indications of mental health disorders, preventing the onset of and promoting mental health. In June 2015, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey of 1895 nurses at four hospitals in the Kanto region, Japan. The questionnaire included a 13-item SOC scale, demographic, and environmental factor questions. With a multiple regression analysis, the variables with the highest standardized partial regression coefficients were used to divide respondents into two groups to compare specific features. We obtained 1114 (58.8%) valid responses. Factors related to the SOC score were feeling depressed, tendencies toward neurosis, overcoming past stressful events, self-esteem, someone outside the workplace who provide support, and a sense of fulfillment in the work performed. Some features of depression were 20s year group, eating alone, poor sleep, not having overcome past stressful events, and dissatisfaction with the assigned ward even when desiring to work in the present position. To prevent feelings of depression for nurses in the 20s year group, supervisors need to understand individual characteristics including sleeping conditions and daily life habits. Hospital administrators need to adjust conflicts between desired work assignments and satisfaction with the place of work. Knowing both the SOC level and the working environment may be used to prevent depressed feelings in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout is a common feature among healthcare professionals. This study investigated the factors affecting burnout of female nurses working in hospitals depending on the presence or absence of children with the aim of preventing burnout among them. A total of 3,758 nurses who worked at 9 city hospitals in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, were sent the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS; Japanese version) in June 2014. A burnout causal model was examined using structural equation modeling with the nurses divided into childless and non-childless groups. There were 2,047 (childless: 1,119, nonchildless: 928) valid responses. It was found that the childless nurses were in a higher burnout state compared to their nonchildless counterparts. However, there were differences in multiple demographic factors, such as age and years of clinical experience, which affected burnout. A multiple regression analysis revealed that factors related to burnout of all the participants were "Sense of work fulfillment," "Irritation at not being able to attend to personal affairs," "Overtime work," "Will to continue working," and "Own health problems." All factors directly affected burnout in both childless and non-childless groups, and there were no significant differences. Regarding the amount of overtime work, it had a stronger effect on burnout in the nonchildless group, and "Irritation" and "Overtime work," showed a weak positive correlation in the childless group but not in the non-childless group. Hence, in future, it is important to study burnout by analyzing different grouping, considering the characteristics of the various participant attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This prospective cohort study seeks to clarify factors affecting burnout in female nurses with preschool-age children. Methods: The subjects were 1,252 female nurses with preschool-age children who work at 24 hospitals with more than 300 beds throughout Japan. The questionnaires were completed by 832 female nurses with preschool-age children in October 2012; these were divided so as to form a cohort to observe the incidence of burnout, which was investigated in October 2013. Results: At the baseline, we obtained responses from 832 subjects (66.5%) who had consented to join the study. Subjects we were able to investigate totaled 528, of which 178 (33.7%) had experienced burnout. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that influencing or predictive factors in burnout were workload, will to continue working, children's health problems, parental efficacy for care, consultants on work issues, and mental health. Conclusions: Female nurses with preschool-age children in Japan tend to burn out easily if they have very heavy workloads, a desire to quit working, children with health problems, lack of confidence in child-rearing, no consultants on work issues, and/or mental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify factors related to burnout among home visit nurses in Japan. A questionnaire survey of 1,423 home visit nurses. Items on the questionnaire were Individual factors, work environment, work-life balance, career commitment, communication skills, and burnout(MBI-GS) score. Multiple regression analysis was performed using three subscales of burnout as objective variables. There were 559 valid responses (39.3%). A multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the following factors were related to burnout. It was found that low career commitment, lack of work-life balance due to insufficient arrangements for an attractive working environment (difficulty in taking vacations), and poor communication skills are related to a higher likelihood of burnout among home visit nurses. It was also found that home visit nurses who feel the means of transportation to be a burden, who are 'poor at management including the schedule management (arrangement)', and who 'feel it a burden to visit terminally ill patients' have a higher likelihood of burnout. At the same time, home visit nurses who 'feel rewards at the nursing at patient homes' and who have the confidence to 'encourage patients (family) to use their abilities' have a lower likelihood ofburnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]