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With the goal of providing optimal care to patients, student-centered active learning and the development of clinical competency have become vital components of the education of future physicians capable of sustainably coping with future challenges. However, the shape of future medicine is dramatically changing based on advances in information and communication technology, and the current classroom model seems to have difficulties in fully preparing students for the future of medicine. New trends in teaching and assessment methods include computer-aided instruction, virtual patients, augmented reality, human patient simulations, and virtual reality for the assessment of students' competency. The digital technologies introduced in medical and dental education include Google Forms to collect students' answers, YouTube livestreaming, google art & culture (an online art museum), and choose-your-own-adventure as a story-telling technique. Innovations in digital technology will lead the way toward a revolution in medical and dental education, allowing learning to be individualized, interactive, and efficien [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a human developmental disorder caused by haplo-insufficiency of MLL4 (also known as KMT2D), which is a histone H3-lysine 4 (H3K4)-methyltransferase. KS patients may show palate anomalies, such as complete or submucous cleft palate. The aim of this study is to understand the function of MLL4 in palatogenesis and gain insight into the pathogenesis of CP in KS patients. Methods: We employed the Cre/loxP system to generate three different Mll4-conditional knockouts (KOs): where Mll4 was specifically deleted in either the neural crest cells, which give rise to the palatal mesenchyme (nKO, Mll4fl/fl;Sox10- Cre/+), the palatal mesenchyme cells (mKO, Mll4fl/fl;Osr2- Cre/+), or the palatal epithelium cells (eKO, Mll4fl/fl;Krt14- Cre/+). Palatogenesis was histologically analyzed by using either hematoxylin and eosin or Azan trichrome on paraffin sections of the mouse heads. Whole-mount staining with alizarin red and alcian blue and micro computed tomography (micro-CT) were used for skeletal analysis of the palate. Results: Palatogenesis in the Mll4-nKO mouse was similar to the control group at E12.5--13.5. However, elevation of the palatal shelves occurred at a significantly lower rate at E14.5. By E15.5, although delayed, the palatal shelves of the Mll4- nKO mouse were able to elevate but failed to fuse with each other. Interestingly, mKO and eKO mice showed normal palatogenesis up to E15.5. However, patterning of the palatal bones and rugae were disrupted at birth. Conclusion: We conclude that MLL4 is essential for timely elevation and successful fusion of the palatal shelves, as well as bone and rugae patterning during palatogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]