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The database was obtained from 4560 records multiple records were collected from 2000 to 2022 For a total of 2560 records for Sakha station and 2000 records for El-Qardah station of the Ministry Agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt, meteorological data were obtained from the central laboratory of Agricultural climate. The data was divided into two periods, the period from 2000 to 2010 (P1) and the period from 2011 to 2022 (P2). Thermal Humidity Index (THI) and season effect on productive traits (LTMY, TMY, LP and DP) were varied from significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) for both groups, except for the effect of THI on the DMY in P2 and season effect on DMY in P1, which were non-significant. Climate change in the period from 2011 to 2022 witnessed a rise in atmospheric temperature (AT), which was followed by an increase in relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure (AP), as well as an increase in the value of THI especially in the summer season, which is hotter than the rest of the seasons, this had a negative effect on the productive traits. Estimates of permanent environmental variance for the second period for most traits were lower than additive genetic variance, it may indicate that sensitivity to heat stress is not specific to the cow but is hereditary. Heritability estimates are low to moderate for most milk production traits, which indicate the possibility of genetic improvement by selecting the most valuable cows for heritability or genetic selection of cows with improving the herd management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 4913 Friesian cows at Sakha Experimental Farm were analyzed between 1975 and 2020 to determine the effects of gender calf birth weight (CBW) on the future performance of their dams. The fixed effects of CBW classified into five groups: ≤ 25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 and >40kg on lactation period, total (TMY) and 305- day (305MY) milk yield, age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), days open (DO), and calving interval (CI), as well as their genetic (rG) and phenotypic correlations with CBW, were estimated using BLUPF90 software. Increased CBW had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on milk productivity; the maximum TMY was obtained at >36 kg for males, but at > 31 kg for females in 305MY. Until >40 kg, CBW had a linear effect on AFC and CI (P< 0.001). High positive rG estimates were obtained between CBW categories with TMY and 305MY, ranging from 0.48 to 0.89 and 0.23 to 0.87, respectively. Moderate to high positive rG estimates were obtained between CBW and reproductive traits, ranging from 0.24 to 0.76 for dams. Selection for intermediate CBWs combined under appropriate management conditions should be beneficial for maximizing milk production, controlling fertility, with delivering healthy calves without dystocia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based on several reports including genome-wide association studies, genetic variability has been linked with higher (nearly half) susceptibility toward coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the association of chromosome 9p21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2383207, rs10757278, and rs10757274 with the risk and severity of CAD among Arab population. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational case-control study was conducted between 2011 and 2012, in which 236 patients with CAD were recruited from the Heart Hospital in Qatar. Patients were categorized according to their coronary angiographic findings. Also, 152 healthy volunteers were studied to determine if SNPs are associated with risk of CAD. All subjects were genotyped for SNPs (rs2383207, rs2383206, rs10757274 and rs10757278) using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients with CAD had a mean age of 57 ± 10; of them 77% were males, 54% diabetics, and 25% had family history of CAD. All SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except rs2383206, with call rate >97%. After adjusting for age, sex and body mass index, the carriers of GG genotype for rs2383207 have increased the risk of having CAD with odds ratio (OR) of 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-2.961, P = 0.046). Also, rs2383207 contributed to CAD severity with adjusted OR 1.80 (95% CI = 1.04-3.12, P = 0.035) based on the dominant genetic model. The other SNPs (rs10757274 and rs10757278) showed no significant association with the risk of CAD or its severity. Conclusion: Among Arab population in Qatar, only G allele of rs2483207 SNP is significantly associated with risk of CAD and its severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]