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The article analyses the role that Mexico's independence played in Spanish political thought. The text focuses on the quarter of a century that followed the signing of the Treaty of Cordoba in 1821. We argue that the images of the former viceroyalty were of primary importance in the public debates of the period. Anti-liberal absolutists, progressive liberals, moderate liberals and republicans made subjective readings of the processes that shaped Mexican republican construction. All these tendencies instrumentalised Mexican history to reinforce their ideological agendas. The rhetorical disputes to which the interpretation of Mexican modernity gave rise were vital in shaping the Spanish political lexicon, specifically for some essential concepts: republic, democracy, federalism and race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1858 and 1863, a naval rearmament movement developed in Spain that coordinated the efforts of the commercial bourgeoisie, the parliamentary and intellectual elites of liberalism, a sector of the officers of the Navy, the municipalities, the communities of Spanish emigrants in the Americas and the press. The article analyses how these actors favoured the growth of the Real Armada, defending its use as an instrument of Spanish power around the globe. For this reason, certain organic intellectuals devoted themselves to systematising these demands, defining major strategic schemes that influenced the policies adopted by the Ministries of the Navy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)