29 results on '"ESCALANTE, GUILLERMO"'
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2. Early Life Androgen Administration Attenuates Aging Related Declines in Muscle Protein Synthesis.
- Author
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CHURCH, DAVID D., ZAMIR, AMIT, ESCALANTE, GUILLERMO, BEN-ZEEV, TAVOR, LEVI, CHAGAI, FERRANDO, ARNY A., and HOFFMAN, JAY R.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles albimanus populations in historical malaria foci in Quintana Roo, Mexico.
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Escobar, Denis, González-Olvera, Gabriela, Gómez-Rivera, Ángel S., Navarrete-Carballo, Juan, Mis-Ávila, Pedro, Baack-Valle, Raquel, Escalante, Guillermo, Reyes-Cabrera, Gerardo, Correa-Morales, Fabian, Che-Mendoza, Azael, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo, Lenhart, Audrey, and Manrique-Saide, Pablo
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ANOPHELES ,MALARIA ,INSECTICIDES ,SODIUM channels ,DELTAMETHRIN - Abstract
Background: Mexico has experienced a significant reduction in malaria cases over the past two decades. Certification of localities as malaria-free areas (MFAs) has been proposed as a steppingstone before elimination is achieved throughout the country. The Mexican state of Quintana Roo is a candidate for MFA certification. Monitoring the status of insecticide susceptibility of major vectors is crucial for MFA certification. This study describes the susceptibility status of Anopheles albimanus, main malaria vector, from historically important malaria foci in Quintana Roo, using both phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Methods: Adult mosquito collections were carried out at three localities: Palmar (Municipality of Othon P. Blanco), Buenavista (Bacalar) and Puerto Morelos (Puerto Morelos). Outdoor human-landing catches were performed by pairs of trained staff from 18:00 to 22:00 during 3-night periods at each locality during the rainy season of 2022. Wild-caught female mosquitoes were exposed to diagnostic doses of deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion, pirimiphos-methyl or bendiocarb using CDC bottle bioassays. Mortality was registered at the diagnostic time and recovery was assessed 24 h after exposure. Molecular analyses targeting the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc) gene and acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) gene were used to screen for target site polymorphisms. An SNP analysis was carried out to identify mutations at position 995 in the vgsc gene and at position 280 in the ace-1 gene. Results: A total of 2828 anophelines were collected. The main species identified were Anopheles albimanus (82%) and Anopheles vestitipennis (16%). Mortalities in the CDC bottle bioassay ranged from 99% to 100% for all the insecticides and mosquito species. Sequence analysis was performed on 35 An. albimanus across the three localities; of those, 25 were analysed for vgsc and 10 for ace-1 mutations. All individuals showed wild type alleles. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that An. albimanus populations from historical malaria foci in Quintana Roo are susceptible to the main insecticides used by the Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. The effects of squat variations on strength and quadriceps hypertrophy adaptations in recreationally trained females.
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Enes, Alysson, Oneda, Gustavo, Leonel, Danilo Fonseca, Lemos, Lucas, Alves, Felipe, Ferreira, Luis H. B., Escalante, Guillermo, Schoenfeld, Brad J., and Souza‐Junior, Tácito P.
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QUADRICEPS muscle physiology ,WOMEN ,STRENGTH training ,EXERCISE physiology ,MUSCULAR hypertrophy ,LEG exercises ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,BODY movement ,MUSCLE strength ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
The barbell squat is a multijoint exercise often employed by athletes and fitness enthusiasts due to its beneficial effects on functional and morphological neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of squat variations on lower limb muscle strength and hypertrophy adaptations. Twenty‐four recreationally trained females were assigned to a 12‐week front squat (FS; n = 12) or back squat (BS; n = 12) resistance training protocol (twice per week). Maximum dynamic strength (1‐RM) on the 45° leg press, a nonspecific strength test, and muscle thickness of the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post‐training. A significant time versus group interaction was observed for 1‐RM values (F(1,22) = 10.53; p = 0.0004), indicating that BS training elicits greater improvements in muscle strength compared with FS training (p = 0.048). No time versus group interactions were found for muscle thickness (F(1,22) = 0.103; p = 0.752); however, there was a significant main effect of time for the proximal (F(1,22) = 7.794; p = 0.011), middle (F(1,22) = 7.091; p = 0.014), and distal portions (F(1,22) = 7.220; p = 0.013) of the lateral thigh. There were no between‐group differences for any muscle thickness portion (proximal: p = 0.971; middle: p = 0.844; and distal: p = 0.510). Our findings suggest that BS elicits greater improvements in lower limb muscle strength on the 45° leg press than FS, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar regardless of variations during the squat exercise. Highlights: Back squat training elicited greater strength‐related improvements in a nonspecific strength test than front squat training.Hypertrophic adaptations of the lateral thigh are similar between both squat variations.Both squat variations elicited similar growth at proximal, middle, and distal regions of the lateral thigh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Nutrition, Training, Supplementation, and Performance-Enhancing Drug Practices of Male and Female Physique Athletes Peaking for Competition.
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Escalante, Guillermo, Barakat, Christopher, Tinsley, Grant M., and Schoenfeld, Brad J.
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BODY fluid analysis ,BODY composition ,BLOOD pressure ,RESISTANCE training ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,BODYBUILDING ,FOOD consumption ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,WATER ,DIETARY supplements ,HEART beat ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ATHLETIC ability ,SPORTS events - Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive investigation was threefold: (a) to assess the nutrition, training, supplement, and performance-enhancement drug practices of male and female physique competitors 30 days before competition; (b) to examine the specific water and macronutrient manipulation performed by competitors during the last 3 days before competition; and (c) to assess physiological responses to precontest preparation including body composition, body fluids, resting heart rate, and blood pressure. Competitors reported performing moderately high volume, moderate to high repetition, split-body resistance training programs performed on most days of the week; the programs included the use of a variety of advanced training methods. A majority of competitors included cardio to expedite fat loss, and most reported performing cardio in a fasted state despite a lack of objective evidentiary support for the practice. Competitors substantially restricted calories and consumed protein in amounts well above research-based guidelines (>3 g⋅kg
-1 ⋅d-1 ); carbohydrate and lipid intake were highly variable. Water was substantially reduced in the final 3 days before competition. Competitors used a variety of dietary supplements throughout the study period, many of which are not supported by research. Both male and female competitors reported using performance enhancing drugs (~48 and ~38%, respectively) including testosterone derivatives, selective androgen receptor modulators, and human growth hormone. More research is warranted to elucidate safer and more effective peak week practices for physique competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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6. Drop-Set Resistance Training versus Pyramidal and Traditional Sets Elicits Greater Psychophysiological Responses in Men.
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Enes, Alysson, Oneda, Gustavo, Leonel, Danilo Fonseca, Ramos, Renan Alberton, Kvas-Cabral, Vinnicius C., Bernardo, Mauro F., Escalante, Guillermo, and Souza-Junior, Tácito P.
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RESISTANCE training ,STATISTICS ,STATISTICAL power analysis ,MEN'S health ,RANGE of motion of joints ,EXERCISE physiology ,PHYSICAL fitness ,PLEASURE ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,EXERCISE ,BODY movement ,WEIGHT lifting ,PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
We compared the effects of resistance training (ResisT) to pyramidal and traditional weightlifting sets on men's psychophysiological responses. In a randomized crossover design, 24 resistance-trained males performed drop-set, descending pyramid, and traditional ResisT in the barbell back squat, 45° leg press, and seated knee extension. We assessed participants' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and feelings of pleasure/displeasure (FPD) at the end of each set and at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes post-session. No differences were detected across ResisT Methods in total training volume (p = 0.180). Post hoc comparisons revealed that drop-set training elicited higher RPE (M 8.8 SD 0.7 arbitrary units) and lower FPD (M −1.4 SD 1.5 arbitrary units) values compared to descending pyramid (M Set RPE 8.0 SD 0.9 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 0.4 SD 1.6 arbitrary units) and traditional set (M Set RPE 7.5 SD 1.1 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 1.3 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) schemes (p < 0.05). In addition, drop-set training elicited higher session RPE (M 8.1 SD 0.8 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 0.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) values than descending pyramid and traditional ResisT (p < 0.001). Similarly, descending pyramid training elicited higher session RPE (M 6.6 SD 0.9 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 1.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) than traditional set (M Session RPE 5.9 SD 0.8 arbitrary units and M Session FPD 1.5 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) training (p = 0.015). No differences were found in the temporality of post-session metrics, suggesting that testing 10 and 15 minutes post-ResisT was sufficient to assess session RPE (p = 0.480) and session FPD (p = 0.855), respectively. In conclusion, even with similar total training volume, drop-set training elicited more pronounced psychophysiological responses than either pyramidal or traditional ResisT in resistance-trained males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Bodybuilding Coaching Strategies Meet Evidence-Based Recommendations: A Qualitative Approach.
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Rukstela, Alexa, Lafontant, Kworweinski, Helms, Eric, Escalante, Guillermo, Phillips, Kara, and Campbell, Bill I.
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HIGH-intensity interval training ,COACHING (Athletics) ,BODYBUILDING ,COACHES (Athletics) ,PERFORMANCE-enhancing drugs ,SOMATOTROPIN - Abstract
Bodybuilding is a sport where coaches commonly recommend a variety of nutrition and exercise protocols, supplements, and, sometimes, performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). The present study sought to gain an understanding of the common decisions and rationales employed by bodybuilding coaches. Focusing on coaches of the more muscular divisions in the National Physique Committee/IFBB Professional League federations (men's classic physique, men's bodybuilding, women's physique, women's bodybuilding) for both natural and enhanced athletes, coaches were recruited via word of mouth and social media, and 33 responded to an anonymous online survey. Survey responses indicated that participant coaches recommend three-to-seven meals per day and no less than 2 g/kg/day of protein regardless of sex, division, or PED usage. During contest preparation, participant coaches alter a natural competitor's protein intake by −25% to +10% and an enhanced competitor's protein intake by 0% to +25%. Regarding cardiovascular exercise protocols, approximately two-thirds of participant coaches recommend fasted cardiovascular exercise, with the common rationale of combining the exercise with thermogenic supplements while considering the athlete's preference. Low- and moderate-intensity steady state were the most commonly recommended types of cardiovascular exercise among participant coaches; high-intensity interval training was the least popular. Creatine was ranked in the top two supplements for all surveyed categories. Regarding PEDs, testosterone, growth hormone, and methenolone were consistently ranked in the top five recommended PEDs by participant coaches. The results of this study provide insight into common themes in the decisions made by bodybuilding coaches, and highlight areas in which more research is needed to empirically support those decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Alterations in Measures of Body Composition, Neuromuscular Performance, Hormonal Levels, Physiological Adaptations, and Psychometric Outcomes during Preparation for Physique Competition: A Systematic Review of Case Studies.
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Schoenfeld, Brad J., Androulakis-Korakakis, Patroklos, Piñero, Alec, Burke, Ryan, Coleman, Max, Mohan, Adam E., Escalante, Guillermo, Rukstela, Alexa, Campbell, Bill, and Helms, Eric
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PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,AEROBIC capacity ,BODY composition ,BONE density ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,PHYSICAL characteristics (Human body) ,SLEEP quality - Abstract
The present paper aimed to systematically review case studies on physique athletes to evaluate longitudinal changes in measures of body composition, neuromuscular performance, chronic hormonal levels, physiological adaptations, and psychometric outcomes during pre-contest preparation. We included studies that (1) were classified as case studies involving physique athletes during the pre-contest phase of their competitive cycle; (2) involved adults (18+ years of age) as participants; (3) were published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (4) had a pre-contest duration of at least 3 months; (5) reported changes across contest preparation relating to measures of body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density), neuromuscular performance (strength and power), chronic hormonal levels (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin), physiological adaptations (maximal aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure, heart rate, blood pressure, menstrual function, and sleep quality), and/or psychometric outcomes (mood states and food desire). Our review ultimately included 11 case studies comprising 15 ostensibly drug-free athletes (male = 8, female = 7) who competed in various physique-oriented divisions including bodybuilding, figure, and bikini. The results indicated marked alterations across the array of analyzed outcomes, sometimes with high inter-individual variability and divergent sex-specific responses. The complexities and implications of these findings are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Dead Bodybuilders Speaking from the Heart: An Analysis of Autopsy Reports of Bodybuilders That Died Prematurely.
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Escalante, Guillermo, Darrow, Dillon, Ambati, V. N. Pradeep, Gwartney, Daniel L., and Collins, Rick
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AUTOPSY ,LEFT ventricular hypertrophy ,BODYBUILDERS ,CARDIAC hypertrophy ,CAUSES of death ,REFERENCE values - Abstract
This study analyzed publicly available autopsy reports of male bodybuilders under the age of 50 who reportedly died from cardiovascular-related events. A general Google search with the terms "dead bodybuilders" was performed on 10 February 2022. Six reports were available for review and analysis. Bodybuilders had the following means: age (±SD) = 36 ± 7.1 years; height 1.82 ± 0.02 m; weight = 103.8 ± 5.3 kg; weight of heart = 575 ± 134.4 g; and left ventricular myocardium thickness (n = 3) = 16.3 ± 3.5 mm. The bodybuilders analyzed had a mean heart weight that is 73.7% heavier than the reference man (575 g vs. 332 g). Similarly, 100% of the autopsies reported left ventricular myocardium thickness of 16.3 ± 3.5 mm; this is 125% thicker than normative data for men. While abuse of AASs for prolonged periods of time may contribute to some of the cardiac abnormalities present in these bodybuilders, it should be noted that cardiac hypertrophy, including left ventricular hypertrophy, has also been reported in drug-free strength athletes. Each autopsy report included cardiovascular abnormalities within the cause of death. Association does not mean causation, but nonetheless bodybuilders should be aware of potential contributing cardiovascular risks with AAS abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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10. Can Bodybuilding Peak Week Manipulations Favorably Affect Muscle Size, Subcutaneous Thickness, and Related Body Composition Variables? A Case Study.
- Author
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Barakat, Christopher, Escalante, Guillermo, Stevenson, Scott W., Bradshaw, Joshua T., Barsuhn, Andrew, Tinsley, Grant M., and Walters, Joseph
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BODY composition ,LEAN body mass ,DUAL-energy X-ray absorptiometry ,BODYBUILDING competitions ,BODYBUILDING - Abstract
Background: The purpose of this case study was to implement an evidence-based dietary approach to peaking for a bodybuilding competition and monitor its impact on body composition, muscle thickness (MT), intra-to-extra-cellular fluid shifts, subcutaneous thickness (ST), and hydration status. Secondarily, to document any adverse events of this peak week approach in a small, controlled setting. Methods Dietary practices were recorded, and laboratory testing was conducted throughout peak week, including competition morning. Assessments included: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for body composition, B-mode ultrasound for MT and ST, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for total body water (TBW)/intracellular water (ICW)/extracellular water (ECW), and raw BIS data (i.e., resistance, reactance, and phase angle), urine specific gravity (USG) for hydration status, and subjective fullness. Sequential dietary manipulations were made (i.e., CHO depletion/fat loading, CHO/water loading, and a refinement phase) with specific physiological goals. This was reflected in changes observed across all assessments throughout the peak week. Results: From the carbohydrate-depleted state (three days out) to competition day, we observed increases in lean body mass, MT, TBW (primarily ICW), and subjective fullness. Kendall's Tau B revealed a strong relationship between carbohydrate intake and ∑MT (τ = 0.733, p = 0.056). Additionally, novel ST data demonstrated a 10% reduction for the summation of all seven sites, with some drastic changes in specific regions (e.g., −43% for triceps ST) from three days out to competition day. Conclusions: These data suggest that the prototypical goals of bodybuilders' peak week (i.e., increasing muscle fullness, decreasing subcutaneous thickness) to enhance their aesthetics/muscularity presented can be achieved with a drug-free protocol involving dietary manipulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Peak week recommendations for bodybuilders: an evidence based approach.
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Escalante, Guillermo, Stevenson, Scott W., Barakat, Christopher, Aragon, Alan A., and Schoenfeld, Brad J.
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SCIENTIFIC literature ,BODYBUILDERS ,ABDOMINAL bloating ,FAT ,DIETARY supplements - Abstract
Bodybuilding is a competitive endeavor where a combination of muscle size, symmetry, "conditioning" (low body fat levels), and stage presentation are judged. Success in bodybuilding requires that competitors achieve their peak physique during the day of competition. To this end, competitors have been reported to employ various peaking interventions during the final days leading to competition. Commonly reported peaking strategies include altering exercise and nutritional regimens, including manipulation of macronutrient, water, and electrolyte intake, as well as consumption of various dietary supplements. The primary goals for these interventions are to maximize muscle glycogen content, minimize subcutaneous water, and reduce the risk abdominal bloating to bring about a more aesthetically pleasing physique. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evidence to support the commonly reported practices employed by bodybuilders during peak week. Hence, the purpose of this article is to critically review the current literature as to the scientific support for pre-contest peaking protocols most commonly employed by bodybuilders and provide evidence-based recommendations as safe and effective strategies on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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12. Progressive Exercise Strategies to Mitigate Shoulder Injuries Among Weight-Training Participants.
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Escalante, Guillermo DSc, ATC, , CISSN, Fine, Daniel S, Ashworth, Kyle S, and Kolber, Morey J.
- Abstract
Nontraumatic shoulder disorders are prevalent among weight-training participants as a result of training patterns as well as adaptive shoulder joint and muscle characteristics. This article presents a progressive approach to exercises designed to mitigate well-known joint and muscle characteristics that have been associated with shoulder disorders. Using a progressive evidence-based model, practical applications are presented that will guide sports medicine and strength training professionals in their ability to provide an evidence-informed upper extremity weight-training program for both patients and clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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13. Alterations in Body Composition, Resting Metabolic Rate, Muscular Strength, and Eating Behavior in Response to Natural Bodybuilding Competition Preparation: A Case Study.
- Author
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Schoenfeld, Brad J., Alto, Andrew, Grgic, Jozo, Tinsley, Grant, Haun, Cody T., Campbell, Bill I., Escalante, Guillermo, Sonmez, Gul T., Cote, Gilda, Francis, Aston, and Trexler, Eric T.
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ADIPOSE tissues ,BASAL metabolism ,BLOOD pressure measurement ,BODY composition ,BODYBUILDING ,CALORIMETRY ,CARBOHYDRATE metabolism ,ENERGY metabolism ,EXERCISE physiology ,FOOD habits ,HEART beat ,BIOELECTRIC impedance ,INGESTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MUSCLE strength ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,AMATEUR athletes ,COOLDOWN ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,HIGH-intensity interval training - Abstract
We carried out a prospective case study in a high-level amateur natural male bodybuilder throughout preparation for 4 competitions and during the ensuing postcontest recovery period. Laboratory testing was conducted monthly over a 1-year period, which included the following assessments: B-mode ultrasound evaluation of muscle thickness (MT), multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, blood pressure and heart rate assessment, resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, skinfold testing, vertical jump height, isometric lowerbody strength testing, and a 3-factor eating questionnaire. Blood work (including testosterone, thyroid hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, white blood count, albumin to globulin ratio, and lipoprotein A) was obtained separately from an outside laboratory at 4 time points. We also assessed the effectiveness of a carbohydrate (carb) deplete and carb load peaking strategy employed immediately before competition. The subject employed a high-volume, high-frequency, whole-body training program throughout the study period. Average daily nutritional intakes ranged from 1,953 to 3,415 kcal: 104-386 g carb; 253-263 g protein, and; 57-95 g lipid. Body fat was reduced to very low levels (~5%) immediately before competition, but this corresponded with a loss of lean mass. Alterations in metabolism, hormonal status, explosive strength, and psychological aspects of eating were observed during precontest preparation; however, all of these variables recovered quickly postcompetition. The implementation of a carb depleteand carb load peaking strategy acutely increased MT and thus may be a viable precontest approach to maximize muscular aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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14. Effectiveness of Diet Refeeds and Diet Breaks as a Precontest Strategy.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo, Campbell, Bill I., and Norton, Layne
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Physique competitors focus on optimizing body composition through maximizing muscle mass and loss of body fat. Competitors frequently experiment with various methodologies purported to improve body composition, but often, there is a lack of evidence on their efficacy. Emerging evidence suggests that intermittent energy restriction (IER) methodologies such as refeeds and diet breaks may offer various benefits to competitors by improving fat loss efficiency, lean body mass retention, and attenuating metabolic adaptation to weight loss. This review examines these methodologies and the evidence for their efficacy and proposes practical ways to implement IER that may benefit physique competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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15. Fasted Versus Nonfasted Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition: Considerations for Physique Athletes.
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Escalante, Guillermo and Barakat, Christopher
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Physique athletes often incorporate aerobic exercise as part of their exercise program to increase caloric expenditure for the purposes of improving their body composition. One method used by some physique competitors is to perform aerobic exercise in the fasted state under the assumption that low glycogen levels after an overnight fast allow for greater mobilization of stored fat to be used for fuel because carbohydrates are not readily available to produce energy. The purpose of this article is to examine the existing literature on the effect of fasted versus fed cardio on improving body composition for physique athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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16. Body Recomposition: Can Trained Individuals Build Muscle and Lose Fat at the Same Time?
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Barakat, Christopher, Pearson, Jeremy, Escalante, Guillermo, Campbell, Bill, and De Souza, Eduardo O.
- Abstract
Despite the lack of standardized terminology, building muscle and losing fat concomitantly has been referred to as body recomposition by practitioners. Although many suggest that this only occurs in untrained/novice and overweight/obese populations, there is a substantial amount of literature demonstrating this body recomposition phenomenon in resistancetrained individuals. Moreover, 2 key factors influencing these adaptations are progressive resistance training coupled with evidence-based nutritional strategies. This review examines some of the current literature demonstrating body recomposition in various trained populations, the aforementioned key factors, nontraining/nutrition variables (i.e., sleep, hormones), and potential limitations due to body composition assessments. In addition, this review points out the areas where more research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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17. Effects of a topical lotion containing aminophylline, caffeine, yohimbe, l‐carnitine, and gotu kola on thigh circumference, skinfold thickness, and fat mass in sedentary females.
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Escalante, Guillermo, Bryan, Patrick, and Rodriguez, Juan
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CENTELLA asiatica ,SKINFOLD thickness ,THIGH ,DUAL-energy X-ray absorptiometry ,FAT - Abstract
Background and objective: Topical aminophylline, caffeine, yohimbe, l‐carnitine, and gotu kola (Centella asiatica) may aid in reducing body fat. Lipoxyderm™ contains these ingredients and was used to test if fat loss of the thigh, in conjunction with a low intensity exercise program and restricted calorie intake, was enhanced via the topical application of this lotion. Methods: This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within‐group study that investigated the effects of Lipoxyderm™ on thigh fat mass, circumference, and skinfold thickness. Seven participants underwent pre/post‐exercise testing for weight, bilateral thigh circumference/skinfold thickness, and body composition/thigh fat mass assessment via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Participants followed a hypocaloric diet, walked 150 minutes/wk, and were randomly assigned to apply a placebo to one leg and Lipoxyderm™ to their other leg for 28 days. Separate two‐way mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the effects of Lipoxyderm™ to the placebo on thigh circumference, skinfold thickness, and fat mass. Results: A significant time x group interaction was found for thigh circumference (F1,6 = 18.2, P = 0.005), skinfold thickness (F1,6 = 14.6, P = 0.009), and fat mass (F1,6 = 37.1, P = 0.001). Conclusions: A twice‐daily topical application of Lipoxyderm™ for 28 days compared to a placebo combined with a walking program and a restricted caloric intake is more effective at reducing thigh circumference (1.2 vs 0.8 cm), thigh skinfold thickness (3.7 vs 2.0 mm), and thigh fat mass (100.0 g vs 57.3 g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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18. The Weight Room: Preparing Students for Physical Activity beyond Physical Education.
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Gentry, Chris and Escalante, Guillermo
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CURRICULUM ,EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,HEALTH occupations students ,PSYCHOLOGY of high school students ,HIGH schools ,MEDICAL protocols ,PHYSICAL education ,PHYSICAL fitness centers ,SCHOOL environment ,PSYCHOLOGY of teachers ,PHYSICAL activity ,RESISTANCE training - Abstract
This article describes how designing evaluation procedures that mirror the knowledge and performance criteria necessary in real-world physical activity settings, such a weight rooms and fitness centers, can prepare students to stay active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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19. TEACHING FUNCTIONAL FITNESS TO STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.
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HYUN-KYOUNG OH, ESCALANTE, GUILLERMO, and GENTRY, CHRISTOPHER
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AUTISM ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH promotion ,MOTOR ability ,PHYSICAL education for people with disabilities ,PHYSICAL fitness ,QUALITY assurance ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Adapted physical education and general physical education teachers may face challenges in teaching and promoting general physical activity and fitness. Implementing functional fitness activities, which integrate motor skills to carry out activities for daily living, may help teachers to effectively engage students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to become more active. Because students with ASD often lack motor coordination and have low levels of physical activity, functional fitness training can be a fun and effective tool that helps them improve their fitness levels and potentially assists them in their activities of daily living. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how simple functional fitness activities can improve activities of daily living that require strength, endurance, flexibility, and stability. These activities are meant to be stimulating and purposeful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
20. Exercise Modification Strategies to Prevent and Train Around Shoulder Pain.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo
- Published
- 2017
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21. Injury patterns and rates of Costa Rican CrossFit® participants - a retrospective study.
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Escalante, Guillermo, Gentry, Chris R., Kern, Ben D., and Waryasz, Gregory R.
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SPORTS injury prevention ,BIOMECHANICS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,WEIGHT lifting - Abstract
CrossFit® has been defined as a constantly varied, high intensity, functional movement strength/conditioning program that has seen a large increase in popularity. Few studies have specifically investigated either injury patterns, injury incidence (per 1000 hours), and/or injury prevalence sustained in the sport. Material and Method. Eighty-eight males (31.3 ± 8.4 yrs, 1.74 ± 0.06 m, 79.45 ± 12.02 kg) and 71 females (31.3 ± 9.1 yrs, 1.62 ± 0.07 m, 60.75 ± 9.37 kg) filled the survey to completion and were included in this investigation. The survey covered demographics, length of time performing CrossFit®, average number of days per week/minutes per workout performing CrossFit®, injuries obtained during CrossFit® within the last 12 months, and specific characteristics of injuries sustained. This was a descriptive survey study. Results. Participants reported an average of 4.3 ± 0.9 CrossFit® workouts per week at an average of 1.19 ± 0.37 hours per workout. More than half of the participants (50.3%) reported only doing CrossFit® as their mode of exercise; the other 49.7% reported doing sports such as running/swimming/weightlifting. Seventyfour participants reported 127 CrossFit® related injuries, yielding an injury prevalence of 46.5% and an estimated incidence of 3.3 per 1000 hours. Of the 127 injuries reported, the most commonly injured body parts were the shoulder (33.1%), low back (18.1%), knees (12.5%), wrists (10.2%), and elbows (5.5%). Only 1 case of rhabdomyolysis (0.8%) was reported. There was a significant relationship between getting injured and length of time in doing CrossFit® (p < 0.01) and getting injured and participating in CrossFit® competitions (p = 0.02). Conclusion. The injury incidence rates in this study are similar to those reported in other CrossFit® and weightlifting studies and less than those reported in American football and soccer studies. Participants that compete in CrossFit® competitions and have been doing CrossFit® for longer periods of time are also more likely to sustain an injury related to CrossFit®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
22. The effects of Versa Gripp® on pull-ups failure and surface electromyography during pull-ups in strength trained females.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo, Chaney, Casey, Stuckey, Sandra, and Alvarez, Paul H.
- Subjects
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ,LATISSIMUS dorsi (Muscles) ,ISOMETRIC exercise ,PHYSICAL activity ,RESISTANCE training - Abstract
This study compared the effects of Versa Gripps® compared to no grips on pull-ups to failure in and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal amplitude during pull-ups on the wrist flexors (WF), wrist extensors (WE), latissimus dorsi (LAT), and infraspinatus (INF) muscles in strength-trained females. Material and Method. Seventeen healthy females volunteered to participate in the study. Pull-ups were performed to failure to the beat of a metronome. Surface EMG was computed using the root-mean-square (RMS) of the signal intensity with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, integrated over 500 ms, and normalized to the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the muscles being investigated. EMG data from the four muscles and number of pull-ups performed were analyzed using paired two tailed t-tests for Grip and No Grip conditions for each muscle and for the number of pull-ups performed. Results. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.035) in EMG activation of the wrist extensors with grips (102.6 ± 65.5% MVC) compared to no grips (89.5 ± 49.2% MVC). No change was noted in EMG activation during pull-ups of the infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, wrist flexors, or in the number of pull-ups to failure. Conclusion. Wrist straps may be effective at decreasing the demand of the wrist extensors during pull-ups. This may be beneficial for those strength-training participants recovering from lateral epicondylitis who wish to perform pulling exercises and need to unload the wrist extensors. Furthermore, strength-training participants may be able to more effectively recruit larger muscle groups in pulling exercises as smaller muscle groups may be a limiting component when performing pulling exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
23. The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on strength, body composition, muscular endurance, power, agility, and vertical jump in resistance trained men.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo, Alencar, Michelle, Haddock, Bryan, and Harvey, Phillip
- Subjects
BODY composition ,VERTICAL jump ,RESISTANCE training ,LEAN body mass ,PHOSPHATIDIC acids ,MUSCLE mass ,FAT - Abstract
Background: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid messenger that has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis via signaling stimulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). MaxxTOR® (MT) is a supplement that contains PA as the main active ingredient but also contains other synergistic mTOR signaling substances including L-Leucine, Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), and Vitamin D3. Methods: Eighteen healthy strength-trained males were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed MT (n = 8, 22.0 +/− 2.5 years; 175.8 +/− 11.5 cm; 80.3 +/− 15.1 kg) or a placebo (PLA) (n = 10, 25.6 +/− 4.2 years; 174.8 +/− 9.0 cm; 88.6 +/− 16.6 kg) as part of a double-blind, placebo controlled pre/post experimental design. All participants volunteered to complete the three day per week resistance training protocol for the eight week study duration. To determine the effects of MT, participants were tested on one repetition maximum (1RM) leg press strength (LP), 1RM bench press strength (BP), push-ups to failure (PU), vertical jump (VJ), pro-agility shuttle time (AG), peak power output (P), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and thigh muscle mass (TMM). Subjects were placed and monitored on an isocaloric diet consisting of 25 protein, 50 carbohydrates, and 25 % fat by a registered dietitian. Separate two-way mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA's (time [Pre, Post] x group [MT and PLA] were used to investigate strength, body composition, and other performance changes. Post-hoc tests were applied as appropriate. Analysis were performed via SPSS with significance at (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a significant main effect (F
(1,16) = 33.30, p < 0.001) for LBM where MT significantly increased LBM when compared to the PLA group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant main effect for LP (F(1,16) = 666.74, p < 0.001) and BP (F(1,16) = 126.36, p < 0.001) where both increased significantly more in MT than PLA group (p < 0.001). No significant differences between MT and PLA were noted for FM, TMM, VJ, AG, P, or PU. Conclusion: The results of this eight week trial suggest that the addition of MaxxTOR® to a 3-day per week resistance training program can positively impact LBM and strength beyond the results found with exercise alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on strength, body composition, muscular endurance, power, agility, and vertical jump in resistance trained men.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo, Alencar, Michelle, Haddock, Bryan, and Harvey, Phillip
- Subjects
PHOSPHATIDIC acids ,RAPAMYCIN ,RESISTANCE training ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,PLACEBOS ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Background: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid messenger that has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis via signaling stimulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). MaxxTOR
® (MT) is a supplement that contains PA as the main active ingredient but also contains other synergistic mTOR signaling substances including L-Leucine, Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), and Vitamin D3. Methods: Eighteen healthy strength-trained males were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed MT (n = 8, 22.0 +/- 2.5 years; 175.8 +/- 11.5 cm; 80.3 +/- 15.1 kg) or a placebo (PLA) (n = 10, 25.6 +/- 4.2 years; 174.8 +/-9.0 cm; 88.6 +/- 16.6 kg) as part of a double-blind, placebo controlled pre/post experimental design. All participants volunteered to complete the three day per week resistance training protocol for the eight week study duration. To determine the effects of MT, participants were tested on one repetition maximum (1RM) leg press strength (LP), 1RM bench press strength (BP), push-ups to failure (PU), vertical jump (VJ), pro-agility shuttle time (AG), peak power output (P), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and thigh muscle mass (TMM). Subjects were placed and monitored on an isocaloric diet consisting of 25 protein, 50 carbohydrates, and 25 % fat by a registered dietitian. Separate two-way mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA's (time [Pre, Post] x group [MT and PLA] were used to investigate strength, body composition, and other performance changes. Post-hoc tests were applied as appropriate. Analysis were performed via SPSS with significance at (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a significant main effect (F(1,16) = 33.30, p < 0.001) for LBM where MT significantly increased LBM when compared to the PLA group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant main effect for LP (F(1,16) = 666. 74, p < 0.001) and BP (F(1,16) = 126.36, p < 0.001) where both increased significantly more in MT than PLA group (p < 0. 001). No significant differences between MT and PLA were noted for FM, TMM, VJ, AG, P, or PU. Conclusion: The results of this eight week trial suggest that the addition of MaxxTOR® to a 3-day per week resistance training program can positively impact LBM and strength beyond the results found with exercise alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The effects of Versa Gripps® during pull-ups on surface electromyography in strength trained males.
- Author
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Escalante, Guillermo, Chaney, Casey, Stuckey, Sandra, Alvarez, Paul H., and Dabbs, Nicole C.
- Subjects
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ,GRIP strength ,ROOT-mean-squares ,LATISSIMUS dorsi (Muscles) ,MUSCLE contraction ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning - Abstract
Aim. This study compared surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal amplitude during pull-ups with Versa Gripps® to those without grips on the dominant side wrist flexors (WF), wrist extensors (WE), latissimus dorsi (LAT), and infraspinatus (INF) muscles among strength-trained males. Material and Method. Thirty healthy males volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects reviewed, completed, and signed an informed consent form approved by Institutional Review Committees. Surface EMG was computed using the root-mean-square (RMS) of the EMG signal, integrated over 500 milliseconds, and normalized to the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the muscles being investigated. EMG data from the four muscles were analyzed using paired two tailed t-tests for each individual muscle for Grip to No Grip conditions. Results. The comparisons revealed that the WE and WF sEMG were significantly less with the Versa Gripps® compared to No Grip. There were no significant differences between the Grip and No Grip conditions for the LAT and INF. Conclusion. These results suggest that the effort required by the WE and WF can be reduced with the use of Versa Gripps® in strength-trained males while performing a pull-up without inhibiting the recruitment of the LAT and/or the INF. This finding could be beneficial for strength-trained males suffering or recovering from lateral or medial epincondylitis because the decreased activation of the WE muscles during the pull-up exercise may help unload of the WE and WF which may aid in their recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
27. Correction to: Effects of Bang® Keto Coffee Energy Drink on Metabolism and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study.
- Author
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Harty, Patrick S., Stratton, Matthew T., Escalante, Guillermo, Rodriguez, Christian, Dellinger, Jacob R., Williams, Abegale D., White, Sarah J., Smith, Robert W., Johnson, Baylor A., Sanders, Mark B., and Tinsley, Grant M.
- Subjects
ENERGY drinks ,ENERGY metabolism ,EXERCISE ,ADULTS ,FOOD composition - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of Bang® Keto Coffee Energy Drink on Metabolism and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study.
- Author
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Harty, Patrick S., Stratton, Matthew T., Escalante, Guillermo, Rodriguez, Christian, Dellinger, Jacob R., Williams, Abegale D., White, Sarah J., Smith, Robert W., Johnson, Baylor A., Sanders, Mark B., and Tinsley, Grant M.
- Subjects
ENERGY drinks ,ENERGY metabolism ,COFFEE drinks ,BEVERAGE consumption ,COOLDOWN ,BODY composition ,REPETITION (Learning process) ,COFFEE brewing - Abstract
Background: Energy drinks are often consumed by the general population, as well as by active individuals seeking to enhance exercise performance and augment training adaptations. However, limited information is available regarding the efficacy of these products. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a commercially available caffeine- and protein-containing energy drink on metabolism and muscular performance. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained males (n = 8; mean ± SD; age: 22.4 ± 4.9 years; body mass: 78.8 ± 14.0 kg; body fat: 15.3 ± 6.4%) and females (n = 8; age: 24.5 ± 4.8 years; body mass: 67.5 ± 11.9 kg; body fat: 26.6 ± 7.1%) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Following a familiarization visit, participants completed two identical visits to the laboratory separated by 5–10 days, each of which consisted of indirect calorimetry energy expenditure (EE) assessments before and after consumption of the beverage (Bang® Keto Coffee; 130 kcal, 300 mg caffeine, 20 g protein) or placebo (30 kcal, 11 mg caffeine, 1 g protein) as well as after exercise testing. In addition, participants' subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, and focus as well as muscular performance (leg press one-repetition maximum and repetitions to fatigue, maximal isometric and isokinetic squat testing) were assessed. Multiple repeated measures ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze data. Estimates of effect size were quantified via partial eta squared (η
P 2 ) and Hedge's g. Results: A significant interaction effect was identified for EE (p < 0.001, ηP 2 = 0.52) but not respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.17, ηP 2 = 0.11). Following consumption of the beverage, EE was 0.77 kcal·min− 1 greater than placebo at the post-beverage time point (p < 0.001) and 0.37 kcal·min− 1 greater than placebo at the post-exercise time point (p = 0.011). However, no between-condition differences were detected for any subjective or muscular performance outcomes. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that consumption of the energy drink had minimal effects on lower-body muscular performance and subjective factors in the context of a laboratory setting. However, the beverage was found to significantly increase energy expenditure compared to placebo immediately following ingestion as well as during the recovery period after an exercise bout, suggesting that active individuals may improve acute metabolic outcomes via consumption of a caffeine- and protein-containing energy drink. Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04180787; Registered 29 November 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Fitness and Body Composition Characteristics of Special Weapons and Tactics Team Members of Law Enforcement: 2965 Board #248 June 1 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM.
- Author
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Alamilla, Rafael A., Romero, Javier D., Tu, Kong, Cooper, Christina N., Berwick III, Gary W., Jackson, Matthew C., Escalante, Guillermo, Dabbs, Nicole C., and Ng, Jason
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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