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This article discusses a virtual reconstruction of the catafalque and the ephemeral decorations created for the funeral of Maria Amalia of Saxony in the Cathedral of Barcelona in 1761. A combination of a historical-artistic approach and a variety of 3D modelling techniques has made it possible to recreate an ephemeral piece of architecture that, being constructed only for the funerary ceremony, has not lasted over time, such that the work presented here constitutes a novel strategy to promote a better understanding of another element of our cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Journal of Humanities & Arts Computing (IJHAC) has a special issue on "Spatial Humanities and the Global South," which focuses on research related to historical geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial humanities. The issue includes articles that explore topics such as the territorial reconfiguration of a religious unit in colonial Mexico, Indigenous circulation networks in the Orinoco region of Colombia, European cultural heritage through the voices of Latin American women writers, and the preservation of Armenian toponyms in conflict zones. The journal also features two additional studies on Bob Dylan's song lyrics and the virtual reconstruction of an eighteenth-century funerary ceremony. The editorial team has announced a future special issue on "Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Humanities." [Extracted from the article]

The launch dynamics theory for multibody systems emerges as an innovative and efficacious approach for the study of launch dynamics, capable of addressing the challenges of complex modeling, diminished computational efficiency, and imprecise analyses of system dynamic responses found in the dynamics research of intricate multi-rigid-flexible body systems, such as self-propelled artillery. This advancement aims to enhance the firing accuracy and launch safety of self-propelled artillery. Recognizing the shortfall of overlooking the band engraving process in existing theories, this study introduces a novel coupling calculation methodology for the launch dynamics of a self-propelled artillery multibody system. This method leverages the ABAQUS subroutine interface VUAMP to compute the dynamic response of the projectile and barrel during the launch process of large-caliber self-propelled artillery. Additionally, it examines the changes in projectile resistance and band deformation in relation to projectile motion throughout the band engraving process. Comparative analysis of the computational outcomes with experimental data evidences that the proposed method offers a more precise depiction of the launch process of self-propelled artillery, thereby enhancing the accuracy of launch dynamics calculations for self-propelled artillery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to explore the influence of intersection geometry on fluid flow and solute transport in fractures. Fractures were engraved and sealed into an acrylic plate and two orthogonal intersections with different geometry were constructed. The effects of curvature and relative shear displacement at intersections on preferential flow and solute transport were investigated. By solving the Navier–Stokes (NS) equation, the fluid mixing and solute distribution were predicted. The results showed that the geometric characteristics at the intersection have a significant effect on the preferential flow and solute distribution. The results agreed well with the experimental results, in terms of flow direction, preferential flow rate, and heterogeneous solute distribution. With an increase in curvature, the flow difference between the two outlets increases gradually. Increasing curvature can reduce the preferential flow and weaken the inhomogeneity of solute distribution. An increase of relative shear displacement decreases the pressure gradient and flow rate at the entrance of the two branch fractures, and thereby increases preferential flow and inhomogeneity of solute distribution. The results provide a basis and reference for further exploring the relationship between the geometric characteristics of fracture intersections and flow behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to bring to light and edit nine Byzantine funerary inscriptions discovered in the town of El-'Irāq (western Governorate of Karak, southern Jordan). All these pieces belong to the period ranging from the 5th to the 6th centuries ce. Like the majority of the inscriptions from the area, these epigraphs consist of short epitaphs engraved on rectangular tombstones made of local limestone and adorned with Christian symbols. The main novelty of this work is the appearance of two anthroponyms that have not been attested to date in the local epigraphic record: Γομολλα and Ἠλίος. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear of small-caliber barrels is one of the key factors affecting barrel life. Based on the Archard wear model, a high-temperature pin plate wear experiment was carried out, and wear models of chrome-plated layers and gun barrel materials were established. In addition, a finite element model of the interaction between the bullet and the barrel was established. The movement of the projectile along the barrel was simulated and analyzed, and the force distribution of the spatial geometry structure of the rifling was mastered through simulation. The wear law of the gun barrel along the axial direction was obtained based on the wear model of the chrome-plated layer and gun barrel material. A position 100 mm away from the barrel breech wears very fast; this position is where the cone of the bullet is engraved in the barrel. At the position 150–350 mm away from the barrel breech, the barrel bore wears even faster. The barrel chrome layer is mainly affected by the gunpowder impact and projectile engraving, which is consistent with the actual failure of the coating. When the distance to the barrel breech is 350 m, the wear becomes stable. Through an analysis of the diameter of the barrel, it was found that, when the diameter of the barrel exceeded 12.85 mm, the barrel reached the end of its life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique is implemented for obtaining tunable band notch/filtering features in terahertz (THz) monopole wideband antennas. A parasitic metal strip is engraved in the antenna radiator, which creates the band notch characteristics in the wideband response. The tunability of the created notched band can be obtained by engraving a non-resonant U-shaped graphene strip in the radiator. The change in the material properties of the graphene strip alters the nature of field confinement in the antenna structure, enabling tunability in the filtering frequency band. Moreover, multiple notch bands can be obtained by carefully selecting the material of the parasitic element U-shaped graphene strip. Thus, the antenna response can be configured for dual- and triple- band filtering operation by varying the materials used for the strips to obtain band notch operation and a U-shaped graphene sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tensile testing of materials, strain measurement is conducted using either contact or non-contact methods. Contact methods offer high accuracy and precision but are limited by the specimen's thickness and dimensions, whereas non-contact methods minimize damage to thin specimens and allow measurements in various environments, though they require longer preparation and calculation times. This paper proposes a circular grid marking pattern and a strain prediction algorithm using artificial intelligence (AI), which simplifies the preparation process and allows strain prediction without additional equipment. The circular grid pattern can be arranged in various configurations from 1 × 5 to 5 × 7, and a laser marker, which requires minimal time, was used to engrave the pattern on the specimen to shorten the preparation time. The AI model, trained on image-based data, enables strain calculation regardless of the specimen's gauge length and size, and allows measurement of local strain as well as gauge-length strain. The reliability of this concept was verified by applying it to tensile testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of the engraving process is significant for interior ballistics. Due to the high transient and strong nonlinear characteristics of the engraving, research on the engraving mechanism is challenging. In this paper, based on the one-dimensional two-phase flow model of interior ballistics coupled with explicit dynamics software, finite element simulation of the engraving is carried out to obtain the changes of parameters during the engraving process, and the dynamic characteristics of the projectile engraving are discussed. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, the accuracy of the coupling method in this paper is verified. The relationship between the structural parameters of the sealing band and the extrusion resistance is revealed, and the influence of the extrusion resistance on the dynamic characteristics of the projectile is demonstrated. The simulation results can provide an essential reference for selecting a reasonable sealing band structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia is the property of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Within the library of the famed diarist Samuel Pepys (1633–1703) at Magdalene College, Cambridge sits one of the largest surviving bound collections of seventeenth-century French fashion prints. Containing nearly one hundred illustrations of named and anonymous figures spanning from 1670 though the 1690s, the Pepys fashion prints remain an underutilised resource for seventeenth-century dress history. Using Pepys's Habits de France and 'Modes de Paris', this article argues that these engravings served a dual purpose to Pepys and his contemporaries. In addition to reflecting long-standing trends in collecting images of historical and global fashions, the prints were considered in some capacity to accurately depict the current French modes. As such, they provided vital sartorial guidance to fashionable elites seeking to mimic Continental styles, cementing their importance in the visualisation and dissemination of dress in late seventeenth-century England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Xu Chunfu was a famous medical expert in the Ming Dynasty, who authored the Gu Jin Yi Tong Da Quan and the Yi Xue Zhi Nan Jie Jing Liu Shu. This paper uses the Xu family genealogy, literature catalog, historical records to study the Xu family's life and deeds. Xu Chunfu was born in the second year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1523) and passed away in the 24th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1596). He served as an official in the Tai Hospital for about 20 years. His work Gu Jin Yi Tong Da Quan was written around the 43rd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1556), with a lower limit of the fifth year of the Longqing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1571), and the initial engraving time was not earlier than the eighth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1580). This paper corrects the shortcomings and errors in previous research, and provides a comprehensive and systematic examination of Xu Chunfu's life and works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Some of the earliest known engravings are described, analyzed, and interpreted, following their microscopic examination. They are of significance in exploring the cognitive evolution of hominins several hundred thousand years ago and have not been described together before. The Steinrinne site near Bilzingsleben, north of Weimar, Germany, is one of Europe's most important Lower Paleolithic occupation sites. Its extensive human habitation floor, excavated over 1000 square meters, comprises some of the world's oldest evidence of dwellings, broadly matching or exceeding the age of examples proposed in Africa, India, and France. It has yielded numerous hominin remains, many wooden artefacts, other exquisitely preserved organic remains, and more portable engravings than any other Middle Pleistocene site. The latter are reviewed here, presenting the results of a detailed microscopic examination of the main finds. Bilzingsleben has so far produced the largest number of engraved Lower Paleolithic objects reported, which are particularly important to exploring the cognitive developments of hominins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Nautical Archaeology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Permanent engravings on contact lenses provide information about the manufacturing process and lens positioning when they are placed on the eye. The inspection of their morphological characteristics is important, since they can affect the user's comfort and deposit adhesion. Therefore, an inverted wavefront holoscope (a lensless microscope based on Gabor's principle of in-line digital holography) is explored for the characterization of the permanent marks of soft contact lenses. The device, based on an in-line transmission configuration, uses a partially coherent laser source to illuminate the soft contact lens placed in a cuvette filled with a saline solution for lens preservation. Holograms were recorded on a digital sensor and reconstructed by back propagation to the image plane based on the angular spectrum method. In addition, a phase-retrieval algorithm was used to enhance the quality of the recovered images. The instrument was experimentally validated through a calibration process in terms of spatial resolution and thickness estimation, showing values that perfectly agree with those that were theoretically expected. Finally, phase maps of different engravings for three commercial soft contact lenses were successfully reconstructed, validating the inverted wavefront holoscope as a potential instrument for the characterization of the permanent marks of soft contact lenses. To improve the final image quality of reconstructions, the geometry of lenses should be considered to avoid induced aberration effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses an exhibition titled "Raphael. Gold & Silk" at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, which showcased several rare and luxurious tapestries. The exhibition focused on the influence of Raphael's compositions on tapestry design in Flanders, particularly his cartoons for the Acts of the Apostles tapestries. The exhibition featured tapestries from Flemish artists who were inspired by Raphael's innovations, as well as drawings and preparatory materials related to the tapestries. The article praises the curatorial and design teams for effectively displaying the tapestries and providing explanations of the weaving process. It also mentions the inclusion of decorative vessels and films showing the weaving processes. The article concludes by stating that the exhibition and its accompanying catalogue provide a valuable introduction to the subject of tapestry. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Annual of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists Studies on the Arab World Antiquities is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Interdisciplinary is proposed to address a technologic knowledge-based society. This research employs quantitative methodology to analyze the perception of an integrated interdisciplinary practice involving engraving and poetry among 63 teachers in initial training. The goal is to identify correlations between age, gender, and the three dimensions of interdisciplinary. We infer a moderate positive correlation between age and the perception of skills, and a weak correlation with the perception of knowledge and interdisciplinary attitude dimensions, yielding results. This research aligns with the stance in favor of interdisciplinary education, advocating for its importance from pre-university to university levels, as a preparation for students to tackle complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary is proposed to address a technologic knowledge-based society. This research employs quantitative methodology to analyze the perception of an integrated interdisciplinary practice involving engraving and poetry among 63 teachers in initial training. The goal is to identify correlations between age, gender, and the three dimensions of interdisciplinary. We infer a moderate positive correlation between age and the perception of skills, and a weak correlation with the perception of knowledge and interdisciplinary attitude dimensions, yielding results. This research aligns with the stance in favor of interdisciplinary education, advocating for its importance from pre-university to university levels, as a preparation for students to tackle complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was designed to explore and develop art students' interest and engagement in Kazakh mythology and using engraving techniques. The archetypic and challenges of Kazakh mythology in art students were not previously explored. Therefore, the need for study in this domain was essential to cover the gap in the literature. The gap has been recently discovered by Kazakh scholars although it has been explored by foreign authors but the authenticity of such studies remains a question. The study was experimental and the results show a strong association between art's student's engagement with Kazakh mythology using engraving techniques. Moreover, the elective course was selected by 90% class of the art students voluntarily. The teaching method developed for the study provides strong results and the outcome of the experiment was well above 80%. The study used a systematic method along with comparative analysis based on Kazakh myths, culture, ethnology, folklore, mythology, and archeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutlery and flatware designs are an everchanging phenomenon of the manufacturing industry. Worldwide hospitality businesses demand perpetual evolution in terms of aesthetics, designs, patterns, colours, and materials due to customers' demands, modernisation, and fierce competition. To thrive in this competitive market, modern fabrication techniques must be flexible, adoptive, fast, and cost effective. For decades, static designs and trademark patterns were achieved through moulds, limiting production to a single cutlery type per mould. However, with the advent of laser engraving and design systems, the whole business of cutlery production has been revolutionised. This study explores the possibility of creating diverse designs for stainless steel 304 flatware sets without changing the entire production process. The research analyses three key laser process parameters, power, scanning speed, and number of passes, and their impacts on the resulting geometry, depth of cut, surface roughness, and material removed. These parameters are comprehensively studied and analysed for steel and zirconia ceramic. The study details the effects of power, scanning speed, number of passages, and fluence on engraved geometry. Fluence (power*number of passages/scanning speed) positively influences outputs and presents a positive trend. Medium power settings and higher scanning speeds with the maximum number of passages produce high-quality, low-roughness optimised cavities with the ideal geometric accuracy for both materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Past and present cultures perceive their natural landscape as an integral and vital component of their complex worlds, while particular landscape features and associated monuments built in selected locales become sacred and revered through stories, legends and rituals embedded in mundane and ceremonial events. The hyper-arid Har Tzuriaz area in the southern Negev, Israel, offers a case study of culture-geographic continuities over a chronologically cumulative archaeological sequence. The large set of well-preserved structures located adjacent to water sources, a massive escarpment and a major desert crossroads includes campsites, cult sites, rock-art sites, cairn fields and one desert kite (a large game trap). Cultural continuities and change can be traced from the sixth millennium bce through recent times, reflecting a dynamic system of meanings and interpretations of both the natural and the built landscape within one particular sacred area in the desert. These phenomena are exemplified in archaeological analyses of an open-air shrine, burial cairns, an isolated desert kite and a precise engraving of that kite dated 5000 years later, all in the general context of a dense concentration of surveyed sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rotor or impeller is a rotational and key part of a pump and compressor. This article presents the detailed development process of a rotor of small size constructed from an EN8 steel cylindrical blank using a novel technique based on a computer numerical control engraving milling machine (CNC-EMM) equipped with a 4 mm tungsten carbide end mill cutter. We fabricated a total of twenty-eight stepped rotors following the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) DoE technique at fourteen distinct combinations of CNC-EMM variable parameters, namely rotational speed, feed, and plunge feed. Average roughness 'Ra', an important surface quality indicator, has been considered and presented in this article, as a quality measure for the fabricated rotors. Feed and plunge feed have been identified as the most influencing variable parameters as per an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The lowest average roughness value obtained by this process for the rotor blade was 0.11 µm. A micrograph obtained from a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed a uniform and accurate tooth profile along with burr formation at corner edges. This study claims to establish engraving milling as a viable alternative to other manufacturing processes used for rotor blades. The findings of this study are useful to scholars, engineers, and researchers who are exploring new ways to fabricate mechanical parts and components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asserts that one of the most popular plays of the era, George Alexander Stevens's Lecture on Heads (1764), was so successful in its use of objects, mimicry, and other deverbalizing techniques that historians have subsequently misinterpreted its satirical purpose. The wooden and papier maché heads Stevens exhibited were anything but generic: they were skillfully crafted representations of recognizable public figures. Targeting these figures with keen precision, Stevens engaged his audiences in a complex "gazing game" that required deep knowledge of 1760s court gossip, political intrigue, mezzotint imagery, and the semiotics of print caricature. This article plays that game through close analysis of caricatures, etchings, engravings, mezzotints, oil paintings, and other visual sources, aided by contemporary accounts of the Lecture , and various (unauthorized) publications of Stevens's script. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a comprehensive exhibition of Albrecht Dürer's work at the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett in 2023. The exhibition showcases the impressive Dürer collection in Berlin, which is considered one of the world's outstanding collections of his graphic and print work. The article also highlights the history of the collection, including its origins in the seventeenth century and the challenges it faced during the "Dürer controversy." The exhibition provides a valuable insight into the history and significance of the Berlin Dürer collection. [Extracted from the article]

The shear behaviour of natural joints generally exhibits anisotropy due to variations in morphological characteristics. The anisotropic shear behaviour of natural joints mainly determines the rock mass stability. It is improbable to sample a large number of natural joints with same surface morphologies in the field. In this study, 3D laser scanning and 3D engraving techniques were adopted to reconstruct natural joints in the laboratory. In the reconstruction process, a series of trial and error engraving tests were conducted due to the lack of engraving resolution evaluation and engraving parameter selection methods. Both 2D and 3D characterization methods were used to quantitatively assess the engraving resolution. A method was proposed to determine the interval path based on the cone angle of the cutter. A series of engraving tests were conducted to study the effect of the path interval on the engraving resolution and to verify the proposed method. The results indicated that the engraving path interval should not be too large (> 0.20 mm) or too small (< 0.10 mm), which could result in a strip between adjacent engraving paths or overengraving, respectively. The natural joints in the sandstone specimen could be successfully reconstructed when the optimal cutter radius and path interval were 0.40 and 0.10 mm, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the profile height between the original and reconstructed joints was less than 0.10 mm. The difference in the 3D roughness θ max ∗ / C + 1 between the original and engraved joints was less than 0.5. The methods proposed in this study can be employed to accurately assess the engraving resolution and to quickly determine reasonable engraving parameters. In this way, natural joints can be reconstructed with high engraving resolution. The anisotropic shear behaviour of natural joints can be suitably investigated in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FME Transactions is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the exhibition "From Bonnard to Klemke: Illustrated Books and Portfolios from the Wieland Schütz Collection," curated by Karoline Schliemann at the GRASSI Museum. Topics include the extensive representation of modernist masters like Max Beckmann and Pierre Bonnard, showcasing over 1,600 items from Schütz's collection, spanning lithographs, etchings, and illustrated books from 1890 to 2019.

The Stamp Seals from the Southern Levant (SSSL) project is based on a comprehensive corpus, big data, and complex historical scenarios. Sometimes, though, an individual artifact stands out as a highlight in its own right. Such is the case with a stamp seal discovered recently at Tel Hazor. It is unusual in several respects, but mainly because of its spectacular base engraving. The main scene represents a hero fighting a coiled, seven-headed serpent; it is enhanced by a series of mixed creatures and secondary motifs. This article offers a description and analysis of the object, situating its iconography in the long history of combat myths spanning from mid-third-millennium southern Mesopotamia through second-millennium northern Syria to first-millennium Phoenicia and Israel. Most significant for a historian of Near Eastern mythology, the seal provides a visual missing link in the main motif's literary transition from Late Bronze Age Ugarit to the Hebrew Bible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Tricyrtis ohsumiensis Masam. is a rare endemic species of southern Japan with beautiful, ornamental yellow flowers; it is illustrated here with a hand‐coloured engraving; its taxonomic relationships, morphology, ecology and notes on its cultivation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the application of encoders in artificial intelligence and aerospace, the demand for the miniaturization and high measurement accuracy of encoders is increasing. To solve this problem, a new absolute matrix encoder is proposed in this paper, which can realize 19-bit matrix coding by engraving two circles of matrix code, and has the advantages of fewer circles of code disk engraving and higher measurement accuracy. This article mainly focuses on the design of a new matrix code disk, encoding and decoding methods, decoding circuit design, Matlab simulation analysis, and experimental error analysis. The experimental results show that the encoder designed in this paper achieves ultra-small volume Φ30 mm × 20 mm, and the angle measurement accuracy is 2.57". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Meghan C. Doherty's book, "Engraving Accuracy in Early Modern England: Visual Communication and the Royal Society," explores the role of image-making in the early Royal Society of London and its impact on the establishment of scientific knowledge. Doherty argues that engraving, like the air pump and microscope, can be seen as a scientific instrument that contributes to the creation of accurate illustrations. The book examines case studies, including the use of engraving in anatomy, microscopy, ornithology, and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Overall, the book offers a significant contribution to the study of scientific illustration and the development of early modern science. [Extracted from the article]

The cutting fluid's lubrication affects a workpiece's surface finish and cutting tool lifespan during turning. To optimize machine performance, appropriate lubrication is needed. Empirical experiments examined how machining factors affected a redesigned single-point cutting tool. Texturing the tool's rake surface without altering its physical qualities was achieved utilizing super-drilling and laser engraving technologies. The goal was to build a surface junction that would keep cutting fluid in contact with the tool longer, improving lubrication and cooling. Both standard and customized tools were used to compare cutting force, temperature, power usage, and surface polish. Magnified pictures from the scanning electron microscope were utilized to analyze tool wear in different places. The improved tool dramatically lowered mean cutting force, heat output, and power consumption in experiments. The textured tool produced continuous chips instead of discontinuous/burnt chips due to increased friction at the tool–chip interface. The updated tool improved lubrication and cooling with cutting fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socialist artist, wood engraver, and writer Clare Leighton transformed the interwar wood engraving revival from a niche movement within fine book publishing into an everyday art for the people when in 1935 she brought out with leftist publisher Victor Gollancz her authored and illustrated Four Hedges: A Gardener's Chronicle. Read alongside Country Matters (1937), a second illustrated countryside book that Gollancz commissioned from Leighton, Four Hedges becomes a key 1930s text because it realigns modernist values associated with the wood engraved productions of small presses with the more democratic values of mass-reproduced trade books. Combining feminist biography, close reading, and modernist and middlebrow book history, this article argues that the wood engraved books that Gollancz commissioned from Leighton contribute to rather than resist or exist outside of the radical 1930s once they are located within Leighton's rural arts practice and Gollancz's publishing ventures, including his publication of George Orwell's legendary urban documentary, The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philostrato is the property of Epiarte, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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