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The paper presents an approach to use the associated gases from geothermal water deposits for electric and thermal energy cogeneration in centralized distribution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarcity of marine life caused by shallow waters and pollution has pushed fishermen to venture up to 10 km offshore, where clearer waters offer richer fish resources, but at much higher fuel costs. This situation has caused increased unemployment, so many fishermen have changed professions. This is exacerbated by seasonal variations and resource limitations. This research introduces a fish sensor network (FSN), which is designed to equip floating fish houses (FADs) with network-connected fish sensors. The proposed network allows fishermen to find locations with high fish populations, thereby reducing fuel costs and increasing fishing efficiency. This article presents preliminary findings, identifies potential challenges including natural factors such as wind, waves, currents, corrosion, and radio propagation, as well as man-made obstacles such as traffic density and physical measurements at the research site in Belawan, Indonesia. Additionally, this paper briefly discusses the energy availability that poses further challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Monochamus saltuarius is a destructive trunk‐borer of pine forest and an effective dispersal vector for pinewood nematode (PWN), a causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), which leads to major ecological disasters. Cold winter temperatures determine insect survival and distribution. However, little is known about the cold tolerance and potential physiological mechanisms of M. saltuarius. RESULTS: We demonstrated that dead Pinus koraiensis trunks do not provide larvae with insulation. The M. saltuarius larvae are freeze‐tolerant species. Unlike most other freeze‐tolerant insects, they can actively freeze extracellular fluid at higher subzero temperatures by increasing their supercooling points. The main energy sources for larvae overwintering are glycogen and the mid‐late switch to lipid. The water balance showed a decrease in free and an increase in bound water of small magnitude. Cold stress promoted lipid peroxidation, thus activating the antioxidant system to prevent cold‐induced oxidative damage. We found eight main pathways linked to cold stress and 39 important metabolites, ten of which are cryoprotectants, including maltose, UDP‐glucose, d‐fructose 6P, galactinol, dulcitol, inositol, sorbitol, l‐methionine, sarcosine, and d‐proline. The M. saltuarius larvae engage in a dual respiration process involving both anaerobic and aerobic pathways when their bodily fluids freeze. Cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, are the most important pathways linked to antioxidation and energy production. CONCLUSIONS: The implications of our findings may help strengthen and supplement the management strategies for monitoring, quarantine, and control of this pest, thereby contributing to controlling the further spread of PWD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the dynamics of total electricity generation (TEG) in South Africa through an analysis of data from the International Energy Agency database from 1990 to 2020. A comprehensive examination of various energy sources, including coal, oil, biofuels, nuclear, hydro, solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and wind, is conducted to ascertain their respective contributions to TEG. Employing the R software environment, the study employs a methodical analytical framework encompassing meticulous data preparation, statistical analysis, and model formulation. The data preparation phase involves intricate processes such as structuring, cleansing, and visualization aimed at eliminating stochastic variables and outliers. Missing data are addressed through the application of the Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial method. Subsequent statistical analyses are informed by tests for normality and homogeneity of variance, revealing deviations from normality and disparate variances across energy source groups. Consequently, non‐parametric methodologies such as the Kruskal–Wallis test are adopted. Findings underscore the significant role of nuclear energy in TEG despite facing challenges. Model development entails the construction of multiple linear regression models with varying predictor sizes, with Model m06 emerging as the optimal choice, incorporating key predictors such as coal, nuclear, and solar PV. Rigorous diagnostic assessments confirm the robustness of Model m06 and its suitability for TEG prediction. Comparative analysis against actual data validates its superior performance, characterized by minimal errors and high predictive accuracy. The efficacy of Model m06 in capturing TEG dynamics underscores its utility for informing energy planning initiatives. Recommendations derived from the study advocate for prioritizing renewable energy integration, infrastructure investment, research endeavors, monitoring mechanisms, and public awareness campaigns to advance sustainable energy development goals in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study delves into a critical concern on the relationship between energy poverty, digital and social development and inclusive growth. The main research hypothesis assumes a positive relationship between these areas, although differences between countries are inevitable. Therefore, the following research questions were asked: Is the impact of the level of energy poverty on inclusive growth the same in different EU countries? How does the use of renewable energy sources in individual countries affect energy poverty and thus inclusive growth? What is the link between energy poverty, digital and social development and inclusive growth in the countries studied. This study uses a critical analysis of the literature and methods of descriptive and mathematical–statistical tools/model. The main conclusions and findings of the analysis reveal that the link between energy poverty, use of renewable energy resources, digital and social development and inclusive growth varies across EU countries. The results of our analyses may be useful, for example, for government decision makers in terms of actions aimed at eliminating energy poverty through the country's use of sustainable energy sources as well as designing and implementing actions aimed at increasing digital and social development, which will then contribute to inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Research (JER) is the property of Journal of Economics & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review aims to analyze recent advancements in heat pump dryers (HPDs) with a focus on improving energy efficiency and conservation in drying processes. The objective is to evaluate the components, structures, and refrigerants used in HPDs, examining their environmental impacts and system performance. The methodology includes a comprehensive comparison of various assisted HPD systems, such as infrared-, ultrasound-, and solar-assisted technologies, to assess their experimental benefits and limitations. By using key performance metrics, the paper evaluates the energy efficiencies of HPDs in comparison with traditional drying methods, discussing their applications across different industries. The study also explores the significance of integrating alternative energy sources to enhance the efficiency and economic viability of HPDs. Future research directions are proposed to further develop the technology for commercial use, emphasizing HPDs' potential to provide energy-efficient and high-quality drying solutions. In quantitative terms, the review notes that the coefficient of performance (COP) for HPDs ranges between 3.5 and 4.5, indicating a significant improvement over traditional drying methods. Specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) values for HPDs are reported to be between 0.8 and 1.2 kg kW−1 h−1, demonstrating superior efficiency in moisture removal. Additionally, specific energy consumption (SEC) for HPDs is found to be 0.5–0.7 kW h kg−1 of evaporated moisture, which is substantially lower compared to conventional dryers. These metrics underscore the energy-saving potential and enhanced performance of HPD technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts that the available energy sources have had on society, the environment, and the economy have become a focus of attention in recent years, generating polarization of opinions. Understanding these impacts is crucial for rational evaluation and the development of strategies for economic growth and energy security. This review examines such impacts of the main energy resources currently exploited or in development, including fossil fuels, geothermal, biomass, solar, hydropower, hydrogen, nuclear, ocean, and wind energies on society through analysis and comparison. It is essential to consider how high energy demand influences energy prices, the workforce, and the environment and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source. One significant finding from this review is that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) may vary substantially depending on the energy source used and show substantial ranges for different applications of the same energy source. Nuclear energy has the lowest LCOE range whereas ocean energy has the highest LCOE range among the nine energy sources considered. Fossil fuels were found to have the most substantial societal impacts, which involved on the positive side providing by far the largest number of jobs and highest tax revenues. However, on the negative side, fossil fuels, biomass, and nuclear energy sources pose the most significant health threats and social well-being impacts on communities and societies compared to other energy sources. On the other hand, solar, ocean and wind energy pose the lowest risk in terms of health and safety, with solar and wind also currently providing a substantial number of jobs worldwide. Regarding environmental consequences, fossil fuels generate the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and have the highest adverse impacts on ecosystems. In contrast, nuclear, ocean, solar and wind energies have the lowest GHG emissions and low to moderate impacts on ecosystems. Biomass, geothermal and hydropower energy sources have moderate to high ecosystem impacts compared to the other energy sources. Hydropower facilities require the most materials (mainly concrete) to build per unit of energy generated, followed by wind and solar energy, which require substantial steel and concrete per unit of energy generated. The lack of substantial materials recycling causes associated with solar and wind energy sources. All the energies that use thermal power generation process consume substantial quantities of water for cooling. The analysis and comparisons provided in this review identified that there is an urgent need to transition away from large-carbon-footprint processes, particularly fossil fuels without carbon capture, and to reduce the consumption of construction materials without recycling, as occurs in many of the existing solar and wind energy plants. This transition can be facilitated by seeking alternative and more widely accessible materials with lower carbon footprints during manufacturing and construction. Implementing such strategies can help mitigate climate change and have a positive impact on community well-being and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective design of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems requires accurate meteorological data for solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and wind speed. In this study, we aim to assess the reliability of satellite-based solar resource databases such as NASA, Solcast, and PVGIS by comparing them with ground-based measurements of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from six locations in the Republic of Ireland. We compared satellite- and ground-based GHI data recorded between 2011 and 2012 and used Python-based packages to simulate solar power output for the six locations using both data types. The simulated outputs were then compared against metered power output from PV arrays at the sites. Ground-based GHI measurements demonstrate superior accuracy due to their acquisition at specific locations, offering increased spatial representativity. On the other hand, satellite GHI measurements, although reasonably accurate for many applications, cover broader regions with lower spatial resolution, leading to averaging effects that may not fully capture localized variations. This difference is reflected in the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values, with ground-simulated data showing low MAPE values, indicating strong alignment with reference observations, while satellite-simulated data exhibit a slightly higher MAPE, suggesting less precise estimates despite a strong correlation with ground-based measurements. This study demonstrates the relative reliability of satellite- and ground-based GHI data for accurate solar PV system design, emphasizing the practical implications for energy planners and engineers, and providing a strong enhancement for researchers working on forecasting solar energy yields using satellite databases. The Python-based PVLib package was utilized for the simulation, offering a robust framework for modeling and analyzing solar power systems, and its effectiveness in this context is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the cognitive structure of students in grade 1-grade 4 using word association in three topics (science, energy sources, and health) with six-six keywords (stimulus words) per topic. Based on the common associations given to the stimulus words, we calculated the relatedness coefficient for the stimulus word pairs. This was used to draw a cognitive structure, the conceptual network, characteristic of each group of learners. We found that the verbal version of the word association test is suitable for studying the cognitive structure of young schoolchildren. The typical conceptual network of the student groups shows a strong correlation with the knowledge structure of experts in grade 4 (in all three topics), as well as in grade 1 and grade 3 (in the topic of health). Using word association tests, we have been able to demonstrate that the number and strength of connections in the conceptual networks for groups of learners increases with the learners' grade and their everyday experience of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye-sensitized solar cells with synthesized phenothiazine derivative 3,7′-bis(2-cyano-1-acrylic acid)-10-ethyl-phenothiazine (PTZ) and commercial di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N719) dyes were fabricated and characterized based on current–voltage measurements. The effect of the utilization of individual dyes and its mixture, chenodeoxycholic acid as co-adsorbent addition, replacement of I−/I3− by Co2+/3+ ions in electrolyte and platinum by semiconducting polymer mixture poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate in counter electrode was studied. Additionally, the effect of polymer thickness on the photovoltaic performance of the device was evaluated. Prepared photoanodes were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The further modification of DSSCs involving the fabrication of tandem solar cells was carried out. The higher power conversion efficiency 7.60% exhibited tandem photovoltaic cell sensitized with dyes mixture containing co-adsorbent, I−/I3− ions in the electrolyte, and platinum in the electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel prices are rising, bringing attention to the utilization of alternative energy sources (RES). Even though load forecasting is more accurate at making predictions than wind power forecasting is. To address the operational challenges with the supply of electricity, wind energy forecasts remain essential. A certain kind of technology has recently been applied to forecast wind energy. On wind farms, a variety of wind power forecasting methods have been developed and used. The main idea underlying recurrent networks is parameter sharing across the multiple layers and neurons, which results in cycles in the network's graph sequence. Recurrent networks are designed to process sequential input. A novel hybrid optimization‐based RNN model for wind power forecasting is proposed in this research. Using the SpCro algorithm, a proposed optimization method, the RNN's weights are adjusted. The Crow Search Optimization (CSA) algorithm and the Sparrow search algorithm are combined to form the SpCro Algorithm (SSA). The suggested Algorithm was developed using the crow's memory traits and the sparrow's detecting traits. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB, and the usefulness of the suggested approach is verified by comparison with other widely used approaches, such as CNN and DNN, in terms of error metrics. Accordingly, the MAE of the proposed method is 45%, 10.02%, 10.04%, 33.58%, 94.81%, and 10.01% higher than RNN, SOA+RNN, CSO+RNN, SSA+DELM, CFU‐COA, and GWO+RNN method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an innovative approach in the field of cardiac electrophysiology aimed at treating cardiac arrhythmias. Unlike traditional catheter ablation energies, which use radiofrequency or cryothermal energy to create lesions in the heart, PFA utilizes pulsed electric fields to induce irreversible electroporation, leading to targeted tissue destruction. This state-of-the-art review summarizes biophysical principles and clinical applications of PFA, highlighting its potential advantages over conventional ablation methods. Clinical data of contemporary PFA devices are discussed, which combine predictable procedural outcomes and a reduced risk of thermal collateral damage. Overall, these technological developments have propelled the rapid evolution of contemporary PFA catheters, with future advancements potentially impacting patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between natural resource growth, green economy growth, and energy intensity levels in achieving environmentally friendly economic growth in Asian countries. It analyzes the connections among the number of natural resources, institutional capacity, trade liberalization, and foreign direct investment in China from 2010 to 2022. The study concludes that economies flourish when countries utilize organic and synthetic energy sources, and natural resources can stimulate or impede economic development. A radical adjustment in real estate policies is required to address the growing urgency of reversing environmental degradation and combating climate change. Integration of renewable energy sources, optimization of natural resource usage, and the use of novel financial instruments and investment techniques emerge as pressing needs. The research focuses on whether eco-friendly company practices are associated with long-term economic success in Asian countries. It evaluates the impact of energy intensity on GDP growth and emphasizes the importance of a green economy in promoting sustainable economic growth. The study suggests governments should prioritize improving energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy sources, and supporting environmentally friendly industries for long-term prosperity. The paper highlights the need for Asian authorities to balance rapid economic progress with minimizing negative environmental and natural resource impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to reliable and affordable energy is crucial for women to carry out household duties efficiently, including cooking and cleaning. However, many women in developing countries still lack access to modern energy sources, which strains their time, health, and overall well-being. This study investigates the relationship between women's economic empowerment and energy choices among rural households in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples region of Ethiopia. Utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling design, 569 households were selected from six randomly chosen woredas (districts). Employing a multinomial model, the research explores factors influencing energy source selection. The findings reveal that a majority of households rely on traditional energy sources, with a positive correlation observed between women's economic empowerment, as measured by the CWEEI, and the adoption of modern energy sources. Additionally, household size and income significantly predict energy source choices. This study underscores the pivotal role of women's economic empowerment in promoting cleaner energy use in rural settings. Policymakers and program implementers are urged to consider household size and income levels when formulating effective energy programs and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines patterns and drivers of energy choices for cooking and lighting in South Africa using the Statistics South Africa Census data at the district municipality (districts) level. Employing spatial and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the findings show that electricity is the main source of energy for cooking across South Africa. However, there is a large swathe of the country covering districts such as Vhembe and Mopani in Limpopo, eastern Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and northern Eastern Cape provinces where wood is the predominantly used energy type for cooking. There is almost uniform use of gas for cooking across the country. Electricity is the main energy source for lighting in South Africa. It is followed by candles, likely explained by loadshedding, and, surprisingly, solar energy a distant third. In terms of drivers, dwelling types play a statistically significant role in what energy type to use for cooking and lighting, albeit differently. In terms of lighting, formal dwelling is positively related to the choice of electricity and informal dwelling is related to the choice of electricity (negatively) and candles (positively) for lighting. The level of higher education, household size, and the dependency ratio have varied statistically significant roles in the choice of either energy type for cooking or lighting by formal, informal, and traditional dwellers. Relevant policy prescriptions that are needed to engender the country towards sustainable energy use, diversification of energy types from electricity produced from fossil fuels to other renewable energy sources such as solar, and reduction in over-dependency on the biomass energy sources such as paraffin and wood, especially in rural and poor districts, are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a way of accelerating the deployment of affordable and clean renewable energy generation technologies, applying a pump working as a turbine coupled to a self-excited induction generator is gaining popularity in various areas including energy recovery and micro hydro systems. However, it is currently challenging to predict the performance of the PAT-SEIG system and there is no agreed-upon rule on the selection of the appropriate system to be installed at a particular site. This paper has presented multi-objective optimization to select the best operating point of the PAT-SEIG system. The results show that the peak efficiencies for the PAT fall between 39.9% and 40.08% and for SEIG they fall between 69.78% and 69.84% and are not coincident. Thus, when selecting the operating point, a trade off on one element is necessary. Gamultobj optimization outputs the Pareto solutions and FMINCON locates the BEP within the Pareto solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to provide information regarding current situation and future potential of renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan. Moreover, it proposes measures for the more convenient and efficient utilization of alternative and renewable energy sources to address the pollution of the natural environment resulting from recent significant climate changes on our planet. It extensively covers various aspects of alternative energy sources, including their development history, types, operational principles, and structures. Additionally, the factors influencing these energy sources are elucidated, along with an overview of state programs aimed at their development, tasks, and implementation, as well as European Union cooperation initiatives. The research also delves into the utilization of alternative renewable energy sources, ongoing projects, and the efficient utilization of natural resources. In modern times, the use of renewable energy sources present a promising avenue, offering the potential to safeguard environmental balance, restore equilibrium, and maintain ecosystem dynamics. The accelerating disruption of this balance underscores the urgency of expanding development and utilization efforts in this area. This article investigates current and possible future cooperation between European Union and Azerbaijan in renewable energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induced resistance in plants can be manipulated using the application of elicitors. In this study, the effects of Salicylic Acid (SA), chitosan, γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Serenad Aso (Bacillus subtilis QST713), and combined application of these elicitors were studied on the resistance of canola to cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The number of B. brassicae attracted to canola plants treated with different inducers was significantly lower compared to the control in the field experiments. The lowest population density of aphid was observed on plants treated with SA+GABA and SA+chitosan. Moreover, the highest amounts of glucosinolates in canola leaves were recorded in SA+GABA treatment. The contents of sugar, lipid, and glycogen of B. brassicae were lowest when fed on the plants treated with SA integrated with GABA or chitosan. Furthermore, the activity of catalase, esterase, peroxidase and glutathione Stransferase enzymes was the lowest in SA+GABA and SA+chitosan. These findings suggest that exogenous application of SA integrated with GABA or chitosan on canola plants are successful in suppressing the B. brassicae population and can be considered in integrated management programs against this and other aphids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in more sustainable energy sources has increased rapidly in the maritime industry, and ambitious goals have been set for decreasing ship emissions. All industry stakeholders have reacted to this with different approaches including the optimisation of ship power plants, the development of new energy-improving sub-systems for existing solutions, or the design of entirely novel power plant concepts employing alternative fuels. This paper assesses the feasibility of different ship energy sources for an icebreaking Arctic research ship. To that end, possible energy sources are assessed based on fuel, infrastructure availability and operational endurance criteria in the operational area of interest. Promising alternatives are analysed further using the evidence-based Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) method. Then, a more thorough investigation with respect to the required fuel tank space, life cycle cost, and CO2 emissions is implemented. The results demonstrate that marine diesel oil (MDO) is currently still the most convenient solution due to the space, operational range, and endurance limitations, although it is possible to use liquefied natural gas (LNG) and methanol if the ship's arrangement is radically redesigned, which will also lead to reduced emissions and life cycle costs. The use of liquefied hydrogen as the only energy solution for the considered vessel was excluded from the potential options due to low volumetric energy density, and high life cycle and capital costs. Even if it is used with MDO for the investigated ship, the reduction in CO2 emissions will not be as significant as for LNG and methanol, at a much higher capital and lifecycle cost. The advantage of the proposed approach is that unrealistic alternatives are eliminated in a systematic manner before proceeding to detailed techno-economic analysis, facilitating the decision-making and investigation of various options in a more holistic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the energy poverty status in off-grid rural households and its underlying socioeconomic factors. Employing the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke Technique and Probit regression on data from 53 households, the study uncovers a diverse array of energy sources in use, including firewood, paraffin, LPG, candles, and generators. Despite this energy source diversity, the poverty line threshold, as measured by the per capita energy expenditure line (92.40 ZAR) (1 US Dollar = ZAR 18.20), reveals the prevalence of energy poverty. Approximately 15% of respondents are experiencing severe energy poverty and 22% are facing moderate vulnerability to energy poverty, while over 50% are not energy poor. This indicates that, although they may lack access to electricity, their energy usage and expenditure in other forms might still be sufficient to meet their basic energy needs. This distinction highlights the importance of assessing energy poverty, extending beyond a simplistic assessment of absolute poverty but taking into account the dynamic nature of income levels. Gender, household size, formal education, and social grants emerge as key indicators shaping the energy landscape in the area. The results clearly indicate that male-headed households and larger households are less susceptible to energy poverty, while increasing formal education and social grants increases the risk of households being exposed to energy poverty. These findings suggest that the problem of energy poverty in the area is uniquely linked to social, economic, and cultural issues. Therefore, interventions targeted at addressing energy poverty problems must address the underlying social, economic, and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human societies have been trying to mitigate the suffering of individuals with physical impairments, with a special effort in the last century. In the 1950s, a new concept arose, finding similarities between animal exoskeletons, and with the goal of medically aiding human movement (for rehabilitation applications). There have been several studies on using exosuits with this purpose in mind. So, the current review offers a critical perspective and a detailed analysis of the steps and key decisions involved in the conception of an exoskeleton. Choices such as design aspects, base materials (structure), actuators (force and motion), energy sources (actuation), and control systems will be discussed, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, examples of exosuits (full-body, upper-body, and lower-body devices) will be presented and described, including their use cases and outcomes. The future of exoskeletons as possible assisted movement solutions will be discussed—pointing to the best options for rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitisü Dergisi is the property of Adiyaman University, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Energy Policy Journal / Polityka Energetyczna is the property of Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications (JASA) is the property of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The energy transition, originating in the limitation of fossil resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, is the basis of many studies on renewable energies in different industrial applications. The diffusion absorption refrigeration machines are very promising insofar as they allow the use of renewable resources (solar, geothermal, waste gas, etc.). This technology is often considered an alternative to vapor compression systems in cooling and refrigeration applications. This paper aims to overview the thermal mechanisms related to modeling system energy sources and highlight the primary methodologies and techniques used. We study and analyze the technology's current challenges and future directions and, finally, identify the gaps in the existing models to pave the way for future research. The paper also gives a classification of absorption refrigeration systems (ARS) to position and limit the scope of the study. The paper will help researchers who approach the various aspects to have a global synthetic analysis of the mechanisms characterizing the modeling of energy sources of absorption refrigeration machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Energy Policy Journal / Polityka Energetyczna is the property of Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inappropriate agricultural practices consume more input energy and emit higher greenhouse gases (GHGs) which cause global warming and climate change, thereby threatening environmental sustainability. To identify energy and carbon-efficient varieties and nutrient management practices, the present study was undertaken during the kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in a split-plot design with three varieties of fodder maize (African Tall, J-1006 and P-3396) and four nutrient management practices such as N0: Absolute control, N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), N2: 75% RDF + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) + Panchagavya spray and N3: 50% RDF + 25% farmyard manure (FYM) + PGPR + Panchagavya spray). Results indicated that variety J-1006 and applying 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray produced significantly higher dry fodder yield. Among the varieties, J-1006 recorded the highest total energy output (224,123 MJ ha−1), net energy (211,280 MJ ha−1), energy use efficiency (17.64), energy productivity (0.98 kg MJ−1), energy profitability (16.64), and lowest specific energy (1.03 MJ ha−1). Regarding nutrient management, 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray fetched the highest total energy output (229,470 MJ ha−1) and net energy (215,482 MJ ha−1). However, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, and energy profitability were significantly higher with integrated nutrient management (N2 and N3) over 100% RDF. Concerning the carbon estimation, J-1006 resulted in a significantly higher carbon output (5479 kg CE ha−1), net carbon gain (5029 kg CE ha−1), carbon efficiency (12.46), carbon sustainability index (11.46), and significantly lower carbon footprint per unit yield (CFy) (131.3 kg CO2-e Mg−1). For nutrient management, the application of 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray showed significantly higher carbon output (5609 kg CE ha−1) and net carbon gain (5112 kg CE ha−1). However, significantly higher carbon efficiency, carbon sustainability index, and lower CFy were reported with integrated nutrient management over 100% RDF. Overall, selecting the J-1006 variety and applying 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray for fodder maize cultivation could be the most productive in terms of dry fodder production, energy, and carbon efficiency approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concerns about the environment are prompting the search for alternative energy sources and the possibility of processing agricultural waste into highly efficient absorbents. That is why the article considers methods for obtaining high-energy fuel from pinewood using acidic additives and the possibility of using chemically treated cherry stone shells as a carbon sorbent is evaluated. With the use of low-temperature pyrolysis, a number of carbon-containing materials have been obtained. The carbon content in these materials depends on the reagent used to treat the feedstock, the temperature and time of pyrolysis. The subsequent activation of carbonizate from the cherry stone shell with oxidizing agents revealed that nitric acid significantly increases the cation-exchange capacity of the material, which allows it to be used as an adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource quantity (i.e. organic matter; OM) is a main driver of the prevailing energy pathway in freshwater food webs. The OM pool is mainly composed of allochthonous material, a primary resource for freshwater consumers. Contrastingly, small amounts of autochthonous OM (i.e. algae) can subsidize aquatic communities due to its higher nutritional quality. To date, there is no consensus about the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous OM for freshwater food webs or the environmental factors driving their relative importance. We fill this gap by evaluating the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous OM sources for freshwater food webs on a global scale through a meta‐analytical approach. We gathered the outcome of stable isotope mixing models of 2789 cases from 58 published studies and calculated a response ratio between the mean contributions of allochthonous and autochthonous OM for freshwater consumers. Using mixed‐effect models and a multimodel inference approach, we tested the influence of latitude, habitat type, ecosystem size, climate and terrestrial productivity over the response ratio. The relative contribution of autochthonous OM was higher in lotic systems. In lentic systems, increasing terrestrial productivity increased the relative contribution of autochthonous OM, while increasing precipitation and temperature seasonality reduced this relative contribution. We suggested that factors increasing terrestrial productivity might also boost autochthonous OM in these systems, while precipitation increases the transport of allochthonous OM to freshwater habitats. We did not find any relationship between environmental factors and the relative contribution of autochthonous OM for lotic systems. We concluded that the relative contribution of allochthonous and autochthonous energy sources to freshwater food webs differs between lotic and lentic ecosystems and it is dependent on multiple environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new family of non‐isolated boost dc‐dc converters with high voltage gains is proposed. The proposed boost topologies exhibit very high voltage gains at moderate duty cycles and lower switch voltage/current stresses with reduced component counts. Here, a total of four new non‐isolated boost topologies are proposed using four‐terminal PWM high‐gain switch cells with an inductor‐switch network. Among these four topologies, two converters have identical voltage gain with opposite load voltage polarities and likewise other two exhibit similar nature (i.e., equal but opposite load voltage) but have higher gain than the former topologies. The detailed operating principle, steady‐state analysis, and design methodology are presented for the proposed positive output very high‐gain converter, which can be easily extended to the rest of the topologies. An exhaustive comparison study has been presented for the proposed topologies with the existing step‐up converters to highlight their advantages. Finally, the mathematical analysis, analytical studies, and high boosting feature of the proposed positive output high‐gain boost converter are verified using a 250 W, 50 kHz prototype. The experimental results are presented for different duty cycles with fixed input voltage to verify the efficacy of the proposed structures in terms of higher boosting capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This pilot study aimed to develop a production line for SRF production from RDF by extracting prohibited materials, grinding, and drying, and the energy potential for using SRF in the cement industry as an alternative fuel was evaluated. This paper defined the main characteristics of RDF, which were obtained after the separation of the biological fraction from MSW at an MBT plant. According to its characteristics, RDF can only be used for incineration in the CPP to obtain heat and energy. The produced SRF meets the requirements for fuel from waste and can be used as an alternative fuel for clinker firing. A technological process line for SRF production from RDF has been developed by adding technical units to the existing MBT line. The SRF production line yield was calculated as 4.47 t/h. At the end of the SRF production process, the moisture content of the finished product decreased by 85%, and the volume decreased by 18%. The obtained SRF had a high calorific value, low moisture content, and a permissible value of chlorine and mercury. It was proposed that the produced SRF and sewage sludge (already used during the clinker firing process) be utilized as alternative fuels since they correspond to the oxide composition of the finished clinker in elemental and oxide composition. A calculation to assess the economic and environmental efficiency of the use of SRF in the cement kiln was conducted. The result showed that using 10% SRF as a substitute fuel for coal used in clinker roasting at 1.92 t/h would save 601.7 USD/h coal costs. This use of SRF will emit 3.7 t/h CO2 and achieve net savings of 754.7 USD/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient use of available resources in agricultural production is important to minimize carbon footprint considering the state of climate change. In this context, the current research was conducted to identify carbon and energy-efficient fodder cropping systems for sustainable livestock production. Annual monocropping, perennial monocropping, annual cereal + legume intercropping and perennial cereal + legume intercropping systems were evaluated by employing a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. The lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) monocropping system recorded significantly lower carbon input (274 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) and showed higher carbon indices viz., carbon sustainability index (165.8), the carbon efficiency ratio (166.8) and carbon efficiency (347.5 kg kg-CE−1) over other systems. However, higher green fodder biomass led to statistically higher carbon output (78,542 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) in the Bajra–Napier hybrid (Pennisetum glaucum × Pennisetum purpureum) + lucerne perennial system. Similar to carbon input, lower input energy requirement (16,106 MJ ha−1 year−1) and nutrient energy ratio (25.7) were estimated with the lucerne perennial system. However, significantly higher energy output (376,345 and 357,011 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy indices viz., energy use efficiency (13.3 and 12.2), energy productivity (5.8 and 5.3 kg MJ−1), net energy (327,811 and 347,961 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy use efficiency (12.3 and 11.2) were recorded with Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [lucerne and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)] cropping systems, respectively. However, these systems were on par with the lucerne monocropping system. Additionally, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [cowpea, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.) and lucerne] cropping systems also showed higher human energy profitability. Concerning various inputs' contribution to total carbon and energy input, chemical fertilizers were identified as the major contributors (73 and 47%), followed by farmyard manure (20 and 22%) used to cultivate crops, respectively, across the cropping systems. Extensive use of indirect (82%) and non-renewable energy sources (69%) was noticed compared to direct (18%) and renewable energy sources (31%). Overall, perennial monocropping and cereal + legume cropping systems performed well in terms of carbon and energy efficiency. However, in green biomass production and carbon and energy efficiency, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume (lucerne and cowpea) cropping systems were identified as the best systems for climate-smart livestock feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of carbon dioxide utilization is of increasing concern to the public, since measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are no longer sufficient to prevent a global increase in temperature on the planet. Most modeling scenarios show that a significant deployment of negative emission technologies is required. Carbon dioxide is often used as an agent for enhancing hydrocarbon production in the development of oil and gas fields, which is technologically consistent with projects for its utilization and underground storage in depleted reservoirs, saline aquifers, and shale rocks. For the successful implementation of such sequestration projects, it is necessary to conduct a complex of experimental, modeling, and field studies. It is necessary to understand the characteristic physical and chemical changes that occur in a subterranean formation during sequestration processes, such as dissolution, chemical reactions, convective mixing, advective processes, and dispersion. Computer modeling of ongoing processes is seen as a very important task for the correct functioning of such projects. The article deals with topical problems of computer modeling of processes associated with underground injection and storage of carbon dioxide, and also presents the results of laboratory studies on the utilization of carbon dioxide through its catalytic conversion into useful energy resources—hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The findings of this study can help to better understand physicochemical mechanisms that can occur in subterranean formations when carbon dioxide is injected. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing threat from global warming, renewable energy has been considered an alternative in several forums. Kenya is an emerging economy endowed with renewable energy resources due to its geographical location. This review aims to identify policies guiding the extraction, utilization, challenges, and projection of renewable energy. A systematic approach was used in the study by considering relevant journal articles and other gray documents such as Energy Acts and reports from international and national organizations on renewable energy. The findings show that the energy matrix in Kenya comprises 80 % fossil fuels, 18 % renewable energy and 2 % coal. Over 85 % of the total population utilizes wood biomass, with 86 % in rural areas and 21 % in urban areas. Over 70 % of the Kenyan landmass is Arid and Semi-Arid, which have potential renewable energy. Electricity production in Kenya is produced by approximately 90 % renewable energy but has a target of 100 % transition by 2020. KenGen and IPPs generate 62.97 % and 35.95 % of the electricity generated, respectively. Geothermal energy in Kenya is the highest source of electricity at approximately 45 %. The current amount of electricity connected to the grid is 2708 MW in 2021, with projections of 4763 MW, 6638 MW and 9790 MW in the low, reference and vision scenarios, respectively. By 2022, the percentage of Kenyan who had access to electricity was 76.89 %. It is estimated that, by 2100, the population in Kenya will reach between 80 and 220 million according to projection scenarios. An increase in populations leads to a greater energy demand, which is implicated in climate change. Based on the RCPs, the energy demand outlook shows that RCP2.6 will increase by 2–3 times, while RCP8.5 will increase by 6–8 times the current energy demand. The challenges experienced by renewable energy include inadequate financing, implementation hindrances, inadequate infrastructure and technological challenges, outdated policies, overambitious projects, landscapes affecting transmission, corruption, high operational costs, and energy stacking affecting the process. Regular reviews on energy policies and innovations provide data that can be used to strategize future energy equity and access while maintaining environmental sustainability. • Kenya's renewable energy extraction is still low due to poor policies implementation. • The aim was to achieve a 100 % renewable energy transition in 2022 but failed. • Introduction of incentives increased the solar home systems in rural homes. • Geothermal in Kenya leads in the energy matrix by about 40 %. • Solar, hydro and wind energies influenced by seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Everyone has the right to secure water, energy, and food supplies. These essential resources are stressed in many countries. With the current population growth rate and urbanisation, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need for more food, water, and energy to sustain the increasing population. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-relationship among water and energy in various urban and rural households to support food and nutrition security. Considering the social-economic peculiarities of the region, a specific framework and questionnaire were developed for the study. A survey involving 1785 questionnaires was conducted. Urban and rural stratification methods were used in selecting settlements across the regions. The household's nutritional status was measured in relation to protein-rich foods as well as vegetable and fruit consumption. In addition to the Person's correlation coefficient, which was applied to measure the association between two categories of food consumption, the chi-squared test of interdependence to determine the effect of the urban–rural dichotomy on resource utilisation was calculated. The findings indicate a high risk of undernourishment associated with insufficient sources of water and energy, as well as inappropriate sanitation facilities, especially in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses changes in environmental quality caused by the increase in the earth's temperature which is increasing every year. The impact of rising earth temperature includes environmental damage, economic losses, and social losses. Therefore, several countries have discussed renewable energy as a solution to withstand the increase in earth's temperature, one of which is through the concept of NZE (Net Zero Energy) which aims to reduce dependence on fossil energy sources. The implementation of NZE in Indonesia in 2060 is expected to support the national Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 program, which is a continuation of the follow-up to the Paris Agreement. In addition, the author also relates government support in order to maximize the potential of Renewable Energy in the Application of NZE can also support the defense of the Indonesian state. The research method used is a qualitative method in the form of an objective narrative literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenya has reported a trajectory of success towards universal access to sustainable and modern energy sources over the past years. However, the discussion on the spatial variations of energy consumption is limited especially, at the disaggregated level. The study seeks to analyse the spatial variations of energy consumption across counties. Energy consumption for clean and non-clean energy sources varies significantly across counties. The spatial variations are linked to specific county-level attributes such as the population density, urban/ rural status, energy infrastructure, fuel resources availability, and climatic factors. Therefore, the universal transition to clean energy sources will require location-specific policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]