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Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme preoccupation with non‐existent or minor defects in appearance, disrupting daily functioning. Melasma is a common concern among BDD patients with dermatological conditions. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and characteristics of BDD in patients with melasma, and compare the psychological condition of patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Methods: Patients with melasma and healthy controls were screened using the BDD Questionnaire (BDDQ), Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS). A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic information and clinical characteristics. Standard statistical tests were conducted, such as descriptive analysis, chi‐square, and nonparametric tests. The level of statistical significance for all tests was set at a P < 0.05. Results: Among the 470 patients with melasma included in the study, 53 were positive for BDDQ in the preliminary screening and were associated with a history of treatment, higher Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), and Melasma Quality of Life (MELASQoL) scores, and higher SAS and SDS scores. The positive rate of BDDQ ranged from 0.4%, using the most stringent criteria to assess melasma severity, to 11.3%, without using objective criteria. Compared to healthy controls, patients with melasma had a higher positive rate of BDDQ and higher SAS and SDS scores. Conclusion: In patients with melasma who exaggerate the severity of the disease, psychiatric treatment and the patient‐physician relationship have a positive effect. This study assessed the positive rate of BDDQ in melasma and proposed the feasibility of psychiatric treatment for patients with melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beech wood is a material commonly used for furniture, and cutting performance is the key to improving product quality and enterprise benefits. In this work, beech milling experiments using diamond cutters were carried out, and the changes in cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness were examined using the factor analysis method. The main results of this work are listed as follows: Firstly, a higher cutting speed and depth led to higher cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness. Meanwhile, cutting power and surface roughness were negatively related to the rake angle; however, cutting temperature first increased and then decreased with the increase in rake angle. Furthermore, cutting depth had greatest impact on the cutting power and surface roughness, followed by rake angle and cutting speed. Cutting speed had the greatest contribution to the cutting temperature, followed by cutting depth and rake angle. Only the cutting depth had a significant contribution to both cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness. Finally, optimal cutting parameters were determined to be a rake angle of 15°, cutting speed of 54 m/s, and depth of 0.5 mm. These values best meet the multiple objectives of lower cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness, which relate to superior product quality and enterprise benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great value to synchronously resolve the critical issues of the polysulfide shuttle and dendrite growth in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, a bifunctional Al-based Material of Institute Lavoisier-53 (MIL-53(Al))/carbon nanotube (MIL-53/CNT) composite is reported for this matter, which was constructed by growing an ordered MIL-53(Al) nanorods array on the CNT film. For the sulfur cathode, the proposed structure serves as a multifunctional interlayer to block polysulfides and accelerate their catalytic conversion, thus efficaciously inhibiting the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, when applied as the anode host material (Li@MIL-53/CNT), the flexible CNT film serves as a self-standing framework to accommodate Li metal and alleviate the volume expansion, while the uniform ion channels built by the MIL-53(Al) nanorods array along with the abundant oxygen groups can homogenize Li ion diffusion, enabling a steady Li plating/stripping behavior and limiting the dendrite growth. Not surprisingly, Li-S full battery with MIL-53/CNT interlayer and Li@MIL-53/CNT anode delivers an appreciable specific capacity of 735 mAh·g−1 and excellent cycle durability at 5 C, presenting a limited capacity decay of 0.03% per cycle in 500 cycles. Besides, an impressive cycle stability and rate capability are also achieved at high-sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting force and temperature are critical indicators for improving cutting performance and productivity. This study used an up-milling experiment to ascertain the effect of tool tooth number, cutting speed, and depth on the machinability of bamboo–plastic composite. We focused on the changes in the resultant force and cutting temperature under different milling conditions. A response surface methodology was used to build prediction models for the resultant force and temperature. A verification test was conducted to prove the model's reliability. The empirical findings suggested that the number of tool teeth had the most significant impacts on both the resultant force and the cutting temperature, followed by the depth of cut and the cutting speed. Moreover, the resultant force and cutting temperature showed increasing trends with decreasing numbers of tool teeth and increasing cut depths. However, cutting speed had a negative relationship with the resultant force and a positive relationship with temperature. We also determined the optimal milling conditions with the lowest force and temperature: four tool teeth, 300 m/min cutting speed, and 0.5 mm depth. This parameter combination can be used in the industrial manufacture of bamboo–plastic composite to improve tool life and manufacturing productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-air battery (ZAB) is a promising new metal-air energy system, but the large overpotentials of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) around the air electrode lead to their poor energy efficiency. Herein, a novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst is reported with the preparation of a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) derived trimetallic composites decorated nitrogen-doped carbon, which consist of NiFe alloy and Co nanoparticles. The ZIF-derived porous N-doped carbon shell can speed up the mass transfer efficiency. Whereas the electronic effect between the formed NiFe alloy and Co nanoparticles, as well as the N-doped carbon framework can enrich the active centers and enhance the electrical conductivity. As a result, the NiFe-Co@NC-450 catalyst shows superior performance manifested as a small potential gap (Î" E  = 0.857 V) between the overpotential at 10 mA cmâˆ'2 (E j=10) for OER (460 mV) and half-wave potential (E 1/2) for ORR (0.833 V). The liquid ZABs exhibit a high specific capacity reaching 798 mAh/gZn and a stable cycling performance at 10 mA cmâˆ'2 for more than 200 h. Meanwhile, the NiFe-Co@NC-450 based flexible ZABs also presents robust flexibility and stability. This study has certain implications for the development of economical, powerful and stable bifunctional catalysts for ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of lithiumâ€"sulfur (Liâ€"S) batteries is hindered by the insulating characteristic of sulfur and slow reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides. Here, we propose a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structured conductive polar Ta-doped TiO2 framework with supported Co active site (CoTa@TiO2) to enhance the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The 3DOM structure serves as an efficient sulfur host for the active sulfur through abundant pores and adsorption site. At the same time, the macropores can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and enlarged mass transfer. The strong electrostatic attraction between Tiâ€"O bond and polysulfide also promotes the adsorption of polysulfides. Moreover, the doped-Ta improves the conductivity of TiO2 by narrowing the band gap, whereas the supported Co can accelerate the catalytic transformation. Benefited from advanced structural design and synergistic effect of Co and Ta doped TiO2, the Liâ€"S cell with 3DOM CoTa@TiO2 cathode exhibits an impressive areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cmâˆ'2 under a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cmâˆ'2. This work provides an alternative strategy for the development of carbon-based cathode materials for Liâ€"S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin barrier of melasma is involved in the pathogenesis of melasma. Previous studies have shown that there are differences in the expression of epidermal lipid genes in melasma, but little is known about the epidermis lipid composition of melasma. Compared with the non‐lesional skin, the content of total lipids, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and ceramide (Cer) increased significantly in the lesional skin. Multivariate data analysis indicated that 40 individual Cer lipid species were responsible for the discrimination. In terms of acyl chain length in Cer, the expressions of very long chain (VLC) (C20–C26) and ultra‐long chain (ULC) (>C26) increased significantly in the lesional skin. However, Cer[AH] had negative correlations with the activation of melanocytes in the lesional skin. Some lipid species had lower expression in lesional skin with high activation of melanocytes, as well as the high darkness. The epidermal thickness of lesional skin was higher compared with the non‐lesional skin. These results suggest that Cer increased significantly in the lesional skin of melasma, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to maintain skin barrier function. Between different groups of darkness and activation of melanocytes, the change of ceramides might have correlation with the pigmentation progress of melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: dermoscopy; HIV; hon-invasive; pruritic papular eruption (PPE); reflectance confocal microscopy EN dermoscopy HIV hon-invasive pruritic papular eruption (PPE) reflectance confocal microscopy 759 761 3 10/06/22 20220901 NES 220901 Pruritic papular eruption (PPE) characterized by obvious pruritus and generalized popular eruptions of unclear etiology is the common cutaneous manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. It is not difficult to suspect and diagnose PPE when itchy rashes occur in HIV patients. Numerous HIV-related dermatological symptoms have been reported in the literature, among which eosinophilic folliculitis (EF) and pruritic papular eruption (PPE) are two confusing entities.1,2 HIV-related EF is an idiopathic eruption characterized by chronic pruritic follicular papules and pustules, preferentially involving seborrheic areas. [Extracted from the article]

The shortage of transplantable organs impedes the development of tissue-engineered alternatives. Producing tissues similar to immature kidneys from pluripotent stem cells is possible in vitro, but the size of the organoids is limited. Furthermore, in vivo implantation is necessary for organoid development and functional maturation. In the present study, the induction procedure was optimized and kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro were produced. The kidney organoids were examined by immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR. Then, a unilateral nephrectomy model was established that was beneficial to the compensatory proliferation of the other kidney. Finally, these organoids were implanted below the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mouse hosts that had been nephrectomized unilaterally. This implantation resulted in the enlargement of the organoids and the production of vascular cells. Although signs of organoid maturation were lacking in short-term culture in vivo, the present study provided a method for studying kidney organoid development in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the influence of chloride treatment on the photovoltaic performance, microstructure, charge carrier dynamics, and surface chemical composition of aqueous-processed CdTe nanocrystal (NC)-based hybrid solar cells (HSCs). By applying CdCl2 treatment on the CdTe films through a spin-coating method, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the HSCs is largely improved from 4.49% to 6.01%. We show that the main role of chloride treatment is to promote the grain growth of the CdTe NCs, which leads to an increase in charge carrier lifetime. It is also demonstrated that CdCl2 treatment can prevent the generation of detrimental surface oxides and improve the wettability of the CdTe films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, the ability of tuning work function for polymer carbon dots (PCDs) is systematically studied for the first time. Their application of both cathode and anode interlayers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) is achieved. PCDs possess abundant surface functional groups, which can be modified under control. Through regulating surface groups with more electron‐donating amino (PCD‐NH2) or electron‐withdrawing carboxy (PCD‐COOH), PCDs can decrease or increase work function of electrode, respectively. Therefore, PCD‐NH2 can act as cathode interlayer while PCD‐COOH plays the role of anode interlayer in PSCs. The single material system to act as both interlayers is rarely reported previously. This can simplify the design of materials and the device fabrication process. In addition, PCDs are green, low‐cost, stable, and easily fabricated. Therefore, it is demonstrated that PCDs are promising for commercial interlayer materials in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aqueous‐solution‐processed solar cells (ASCs) are promising candidates of the next‐generation large‐area, low‐cost, and flexible photovoltaic conversion equipment because of their unique environmental friendly property. Aqueous‐solution‐processed polymer/nanocrystals (NCs) hybrid solar cells (AHSCs) can effectively integrate the advantages of the polymer (e.g., flexibility and lightweight) and the inorganic NCs (e.g., high mobility and broad absorption), and therefore be considered as an ideal system to further improve the performance of ASCs. In this work, double‐side bulk heterojunction (BHJ), in which one BHJ combines the active material with electron transport material and the other combines the active material with hole transport material, is developed in the AHSCs. Through comparing with the single‐side BHJ device, promoted carrier extraction, enhanced internal quantum efficiency, extended width of the depletion region, and prolonged carrier lifetime are achieved in double‐side BHJ devices. As a result, power conversion efficiency exceeding 6% is obtained, which breaks the bottleneck efficiency around ≈5.5%. This work demonstrates a device architecture which is more remarkable compared with the traditional only donor–acceptor blended BHJ. Under conservative estimation, it provides instructive architecture not only in the ASCs, but also in the organic solar cells (SCs), quantum dot SCs, and perovskite SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To establish a recellularization kidney model by using adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) as seeding cells and to investigate the growth and differentiation of ADSCs in decellularized kidney scaffolds. ADSCs were isolated using a modified method and then identified using flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis differentiation were performed. Rat kidneys were decellularized using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscope were conducted to examine the scaffold microstructure. The decellularized kidney scaffold was seeded with ADSCs antegrade through the artery or retrograde through the ureter and cultured for 5–10 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were applied to assess growth and differentiation of seeding cells within the scaffold. ADSCs populated within the glomerular, vascular, and tubular area of kidney scaffolds. Cells differentiated toward endothelial or tubular cells. Stromal cell‐derived factor 1 promoted cell attachment in the scaffold. These findings suggest that ADSCs can be used as an additional new source of seeding cells within decellularized kidney scaffold. This combination may offer an alternative to donor kidney transplant. In this way, autologous ADSCs can be utilized as seeding cells in cell‐scaffold kidney regeneration for further clinical transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 805–814, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, photovoltaic devices based on aqueous materials are drawing more and more attentions following the green chemistry concept. This review aims to present a general overview of polymer-nanocrystal hybrid photovoltaic devices based on aqueous materials. First, all-organic polymer solar cells based on water-soluble polymers as the active layer are briefly introduced. After that, we focus on the recent development of hybrid solar cells from aqueous polymers and colloidal nanocrystals. Finally, the remaining part of this review is focused on the challenges and proposed solutions associated with the aqueous-solution-processed hybrid solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel environmentally friendly approach to deposit TiO2 films via an aqueous process is developed. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement indicates that water-dispersed TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) show excellent film-forming properties on an ITO-coated glass substrate. In addition, the femtosecond transient absorption (TA) and conductivity measurements suggest that the aqueous-processed TiO2 film shows excellent electron extraction ability and good conductivity. The aqueous-processed polymer/NC hybrid solar cells based on the aqueous-processed TiO2 electron extraction layer present superior photovoltaic performance and a PCE of 5.53% is achieved, which is the highest for hybrid solar cells fabricated via an aqueous process. Finally, the solar cells with the aqueous-processed TiO2 electron extraction layer exhibit better humidity resistance compared to the TiO2 film deposited via a sol–gel method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on aqueous polymers and nanocrystals are attractive due to their environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. In this study, HSCs are fabricated from a series of water-soluble polymers with different highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels and nanocrystals with different Fermi levels. We demonstrate that the working principle of the aqueous-processed HSCs follows a p–n junction instead of a type-II heterojunction. The function of the polymer is to provide an interface dipole which can improve the build-in potential of the HSCs. Subsequently, the aqueous-processed HSCs are optimized following a p–n junction and an improved PCE of 5.41% is achieved, which is the highest for aqueous-processed HSCs. This study will provide instructive guidelines for the development of aqueous-processed HSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their low cost, environmental friendliness and efficiency, aqueous-processed polymer/nanocrystal hybrid solar cells (HSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years. To promote the development of aqueous-processed HSCs, the design and synthesis of new water soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) are required. In this work, aqueous-processed MEH-PPV/CdTe HSCs are firstly fabricated. A PCE of 4.20% is achieved, which is comparable to the oil-processed MEH-PPV/NC HSCs. The water-soluble MEH-PPV precursor could increase the miscibility between polymers and aqueous CdTe NCs, and decrease their phase size. Furthermore, by adjusting MEH-PPV/CdTe ratio and annealing temperature, the nanoscale morphology of MEH-PPV/CdTe HSCs will change, which impacts charge transfer and transport. These results provide an important approach for efficient aqueous-processed MEH-PPV/NC HSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, MPPV with a wide bandgap is synthesized and combined with CdTe NCs for aqueous-processed polymer–nanocrystal hybrid solar cells (HSCs). A PCE of 5.18% is achieved, which is the highest for solar cells via an aqueous process. The function of MPPV is deeply investigated which shows that MPPV can fill the voids between CdTe NCs to decrease the leakage current. Furthermore, hole transfer from CdTe NCs to MPPV occurs, thus leading to increased carrier lifetime. Finally, MPPV can promote the interfacial carrier injection. We demonstrate that efficient HSCs can be achieved from polymers with a wide bandgap. In this case, key factors limiting traditional HSCs may be eliminated. As a consequence, this work may provide an alternative way to develop HSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solution‐processed gold nanoparticle (NP) top electrode is investigated for large‐area solar cells. The large‐area gold NP film is obtained using a dip‐coating technique. The gold NP film shows an extremely low electric resistance of 2 Ω/◻. All‐solution‐processed solar cells are also fabricated with an optimized power conversion efficiency of 1.71% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]