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In today's digital world, cybersecurity has become one of the most pressing issues, as the growing number of connected devices has led to an increase in cyber threats that pose a serious risk to national and international security. In this context, cooperation between countries becomes extremely important to protect sovereignty and ensure cybersecurity at the global level. Ukraine, which has extensive experience in countering cyber threats, is actively involved in international initiatives and cooperation in this area. The article is devoted to the analysis of international cooperation in the field of cybersecurity and Ukraine's role in this process. The study reveals the importance of an effective regulatory framework, in particular the Bug Bounty program and the vulnerability detection mechanism. Ukraine actively cooperates with international partners, which facilitates the exchange of experience and strengthening of cybersecurity. International cooperation with organizations that recognize security as one of their main goals, such as NATO and the European Union, is also of key importance. It is noted that Ukraine, being an active participant in international initiatives and having extensive experience in the field of cybersecurity, continues to play an important role in strengthening global cybersecurity and contributes to the creation of a safer cyberspace for all countries. In the process of ensuring cybersecurity, Ukraine is developing and implementing new programs and strategies, such as Bug Bounty, to help identify and eliminate vulnerabilities in information systems. In addition, an important step is the adoption of the Vulnerability Search and Identification Procedure, which allows business owners and government agencies to request permission to search for weaknesses in their systems. These initiatives allow Ukraine to actively participate in international cybersecurity processes and contribute to improving overall Internet security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information security refers to 'the practice of defending information from unauthorised access'. Information security practices include everyday activities such as protecting your bank details, or keeping your workplace logins secure. Despite increasingly restrictive approaches to research ethics, academia continues to lag behind journalism when it comes to best practice with regards to information security. This article discusses information security as it pertains to qualitative and especially ethnographic research into crime and deviance. In doing so, the article addresses a gap in the methodological literature by drawing on lessons and real-world examples from journalism, academia and activism, in order to offer guidance for researchers seeking to maintain information security in a digital, networked social world. The article proceeds in three parts. First, the article considers what information researchers might want to protect, who they might want to protect it from and what the consequences might be if they failed to do so (an exercise known as 'threat modelling'). The different powers, resources and capacities of, and threats posed by, state actors such as the police and intelligence agencies, as well as an array of non-state actors, are considered. Second, the article outlines some general principles of information security and how they might apply to ethnographic research into crime and deviance. Third, the article discusses a range of practical considerations when it comes to using mobile phones (cell phones), social media, passwords and encryption in the course of researching crime and deviance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Safety refers to the knowledge and skills needed for the intentional protection of users in the digital environment. With children having access to digital devices at a young age, it has become essential for them to be educated on how to be safe in the digital world. Through a week-long summer camp on digital safety, elementary-age learners were introduced to four topics (digital identity and digital footprint, cyberbullying, netiquette, and digital security and privacy). This study found that the digital safety immersion camp was beneficial to elementary school learners based on the achievement, attitude, and behavior data that were collected. Posttest scores were statistically significant from the pre-test. Cyberbullying topic had the highest pre- and post-knowledge, whereas netiquette and online behavior, and digital security and privacy had comparatively lesser scores. Students demonstrated positive attitudes in the post-camp survey and they also included several lessons learned from the camp in the Pixton comic strip, which they created as the final project from the camp. The findings from this study contribute to the current literature on preparing elementary school students' knowledge and skills related to digital safety and have implications for students, teachers, administrators, and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data breach incidents are now a regular occurrence, with millions of people affected worldwide. Few studies have examined the psychological aspects of data breach experiences, however, or the individual differences that influence how people react to these events. In this study, we examined the psychological stress associated with a personal experience with a data breach and several individual differences hypothesized to modulate such stress (age, gender, digital security awareness and expertise, trait anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry). A student sample (N = 166) and a community sample (N = 359) completed an online survey that asked participants to describe their most serious data breach and then complete the Impact of Events Scale—Revised (IES-R) to answer specific questions about the nature of the stress they experienced after the breach. Standard measures of trait anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry were also completed. A Data Breach Severity Index (DBSI) was created to quantify the invasiveness and consequences of each participant's data breach. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to identify demographic variables and psychological characteristics predictive of IES-R scores while controlling for DBSI scores. As expected, more invasive and consequential data breaches were associated with higher IES-R scores (greater data-breach-induced stress). Women had higher IES-R scores than men, and this difference persisted after controlling for gender differences in anxiety, negative emotionality, and propensity to worry. Greater daily social media use was associated with higher IES-R scores, whereas higher digital security expertise was associated with lower IES-R scores. The results illuminate several relationships between demographic and psychological characteristics and data-breach-induced stress that should be investigated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study articulates the motives, craft, practice, and urgent needs of creative independent investigative documentary as a distinct field of practice that utilizes both the subjective expression of artistic cinema with the objectivity-based legacy practices of watchdog journalism. Leveraging community of practice theory, based on in-depth interviews and a two-year investigation of ten of the inaugural films supported by the International Documentary Association (IDA) Enterprise Documentary Fund award—launched in 2016 as the first contemporary institutional recognition of creative investigative documentary as a distinct sub-genre—this study demonstrates how recognizing the unique experiences of this distinct dual journalistic and artistic practice is vital in order for scholars to more widely appreciate the potentiality and significance of this journalistic practice, and to more widely engage with the unique security challenges and needs that it faces, largely overlooked in prevailing conversations in journalism today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption is essential for protecting sensitive data, individual privacy and national security in a time of digital transition and growing cybersecurity threats. This article begins by highlighting the need for encryption laws in India, emphasising the growing reliance on digital technologies across sectors and the critical necessity of protecting digital assets. It proceeds to dissect the existing legal frameworks governing encryption and the enforcement challenges faced by regulatory agencies. A critical aspect of the research involves examining international perspectives on encryption legislations, drawing lessons from global approaches and discerning their relevance to India's policy landscape. This article underscores the delicate balance between privacy and security concerns, particularly in the context of counterterrorism efforts. In addition, this research unravels case studies and incidents involving notable cybersecurity breaches in India, shedding light on the legal implications and consequences that follow such breaches. The study culminates with an exploration of the public opinion and stakeholders' perspectives on encryption legislations, considering industry views and civil liberties concerns. It offers insights into the best practices for drafting effective encryption laws and provides recommendations to strengthen India's digital resilience. It calls for proactive measures to secure India's digital future while preserving individual freedoms and privacy rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper scrutinises the evolving digital security landscape, encompassing technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and industry-specific challenges. It explores the influence of technologies like AI, quantum computing, and blockchain on security paradigms whilst identifying emergent threats. The study analyses the interplay between digital security and legislative policies, underlining their impact on industry practices and individual behaviours. Sector-specific examinations are conducted, pinpointing unique security concerns in sectors such as healthcare and finance and advocating bespoke solutions. The study highlights discrepancies between security intentions and actions, proposing strategies to bridge this divide. Projecting into the future, we anticipate shifts in technology and regulation, culminating in pragmatic recommendations for stakeholders. This article offers an informed perspective on digital security, laying the groundwork for proactive approaches in a dynamic digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the use of information technology (IT) poses a challenge derived from the risks and threats of computer security in all areas of society. In this sense, cybersecurity emerges as an important pillar of support for protecting infrastructures essential for countries' sustainable economic and social development. This paper explores the possible links between cybersecurity and sustainable development within the high-impact scientific literature. The study uses a systematic literature review methodology based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, ensuring a rigorous and structured approach to selecting and analyzing relevant literature. The scientific database Web of Science is used to ensure the integrity and quality of the data collected, following criteria widely validated in this type of methodology. The study reveals a significant interrelationship between cybersecurity and sustainable development in the business sphere. It highlights cybersecurity's contribution to economic sustainability by protecting critical infrastructure and minimizing financial risks. Concerning environmental sustainability, cybersecurity facilitates the implementation of cleaner and more efficient technology. Social sustainability ensures personal data protection and fosters a culture of responsibility and trust within organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines future teachers' self-perception regarding competences related to the environmental impact of digital technologies. The sample includes 1948 participants (235 men and 1713 women) selected through incidental sampling from the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Seville. The validated instrument used was the Teacher's Digital Competence and Eco-responsible Use of Technology Scale. Results indicated that the participants had received less than optimal training and had limited knowledge about technologies and their environmental impact. The study concludes that it is necessary to establish training on the development of environmental competences and their link to educational technologies, starting from the institution, with the aim of guaranteeing the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have developed a psychometric instrument with the purpose of assessing the digital competencies of teachers in aspects of cybersecurity. From the collection of data, different secondary objectives were carried out: (1) identify if there were significant differences regarding gender; (2) understand if there are significant differences based on various actions (use of different operating systems, two-step authentication, use of different passwords for applications and profiles), for each gender; (3) identify if the frequency of updating of passwords in LMS, emails, RRSS and apps correlate with the digital competencies of teachers in training, for each gender. For this purpose, an ex post facto ad hoc design was used based on a sample of 220 students enrolled in a Primary Education and Early Childhood Education course at the University of Malaga (Spain). The results show that the digital skills of these teachers of the future are at a low level, and that they find it hard to navigate their way in this new world. It is also concluded that there are significant differences with respect to gender in terms of various cybersecurity actions (use of the Mac operating system; two-step authentication). In addition, it was found that the frequency of updating passwords in LMS, emails, RRSS and apps affects the competences of the teachers in training in security and prevention, in both genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to assess high school students' awareness of the concept of digital citizenship and its relation to other variables, including grade, educational sector, and the rate of using digital technology means in the Office of Education in Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The author adopted the descriptive survey approach and applied a 30-item questionnaire distributed to five domains "i.e., digital values and behavior, digital rights and responsibilities, digital security, digital laws, and digital health and security" to a sample of (674) students. The results showed a moderate level of awareness of the concept of digital citizenship among the participants, with an arithmetic mean of (3.49). The "digital laws" domain was ranked first, with the highest arithmetic mean of (3.74), whereas the "digital rights and responsibilities" domain was ranked last, with an arithmetic mean of (3.24). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the participants' responses to their awareness level of the digital citizenship concept due to the educational sector in favor of the "public" and due to the rate of using digital technology means favoring more than five hours a day. However, there were no statistically significant differences due to grade and the impact of the interaction between the educational sector, grade, and the rate of using digital technology means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the widespread use of computer technology and the development of the internet have facilitated access to information. However, this has also increased the importance of information security. Public and private sector organizations need robust databases to protect their digital assets. For this reason, many security-oriented products and projects are being developed. Especially with the rapid progress of the internet age and the increasing importance of digital security, the field of cryptology has attracted great interest. Cryptology is the science of ciphers. The infrastructure of cryptology is based on mathematics. In order to ensure the security of information in the digital environment, a strong database is needed. This is achieved with strong encryption algorithms. Algorithms that incorporate the principle of randomness and allow repeating letters to take different values are stronger against external attacks. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to create a cryptology algorithm that is resistant to password cracking techniques, adopts the principle of randomness, contains mathematical formulas and has a decryption. In this study, prime numbers, pi number, linear encryption technique and matrices are used. In the encryption algorithm, it is aimed to adopt the principle of randomness with prime numbers and pi number. By using linear encryption technique and matrices, new sequence numbers of each letter were obtained, and it was aimed to strengthen against the frequency analysis method, which is one of the password cracking techniques, by ensuring that the repeating letters take different number values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educational Academic Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social media drug markets are likely to present people participating in these spaces with new vulnerabilities to law enforcement. There is currently limited research on how people perceive and manage the risk of exposure to law enforcement in social media drug markets. This is particularly notable considering widespread practices of user data collection and the normalization of surveillance as part of social media engagement. We present a thematic analysis of data from anonymous online interviews with people who buy and sell drugs (N = 33) via social media and messaging apps in New Zealand. We use the concept of "imagined surveillance" to explore how participants adapted existing understandings of online surveillance to online risk management strategies to avoid police. Most participants reported low concern for exposure to law enforcement while using social media and messaging apps for drug trading. Nevertheless, almost all participants took active risk management measures. Examples of strategies used included limiting the accumulation of evidence via self-deleting messages or arranging drug trades using code language. Participants often also reported low concern for their digital trace data to be accessed by police. Navigating law enforcement risk in social media drug markets is likely to be informed and shaped by more general perceptions of digital privacy risk and related management strategies, particularly in more normalized drug market contexts. The potential for broader and unexpected consequences to result from the use of drug-related digital trace data across public and private contexts is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, the peninsula experienced a progressive transition of telecommunication and broadcasting infrastructure under Russian influence, followed by a wave of repression of Ukrainian media. Between 2014 and 2015, dozens of Ukrainian media organizations and independent journalists left the peninsula to continue working in exile. This paper explores the phenomenon of informational annexation using a mixed methods approach consisting of in-depth interviews with media and IT professionals as well as digital ethnography and network measurements. It argues that, besides pressure from pro-Russian authorities, journalistic work in the area is challenged by legal and infrastructural factors such as the absence of legal and financial protections for Ukrainian journalists traveling to Crimea, lack of holistic digital security within media organizations, and increased Internet censorship in Crimea. By analyzing the risk perceptions and digital security practices of exiled and Crimean civic journalists, this paper explores how informational annexation challenges journalistic work on the infrastructural and organizational level, enabling the rise of civic journalism, and how it affects journalists' individual digital security practices. In the context of the current Russian invasion of Ukraine, this research provides insights into some of the informational annexation tactics used by Russians in the occupied Ukrainian territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital security is an ever-escalating concern in today's interconnected world, necessitating advanced intrusion detection systems. This research focuses on fortifying digital security through the integration of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest for dynamic attack detection. Leveraging a robust dataset, the models were subjected to rigorous evaluation, considering metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. The LSTM model exhibited exceptional proficiency in capturing intricate sequential dependencies within network traffic, attaining a commendable accuracy of 99.11%. KNN, with its non-parametric adaptability, demonstrated resilience with a high accuracy of 99.23%. However, the Random Forest model emerged as the standout performer, boasting an accuracy of 99.63% and showcasing exceptional precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Comparative analyses unveiled nuanced differences, guiding the selection of models based on specific security requirements. The AUC-ROC comparison reinforced the discriminative power of the models, with Random Forest consistently excelling. While all models excelled in true positive predictions, detailed scrutiny of confusion matrices offered insights into areas for refinement. In conclusion, the integration of LSTM, KNN, and Random Forest presents a robust and adaptive approach to dynamic attack detection. This research contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of digital security, emphasizing the significance of leveraging advanced machine learning techniques in constructing resilient defenses against cyber adversaries. The findings underscore the need for adaptive security solutions as the cyber threat landscape continues to evolve, with implications for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in the field of cybersecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an increasingly digitized environment, with a heavy reliance on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the significance of digital competencies (DC) in the public sector is undeniably crucial. This study focuses on assessing the impact of DC on the productivity of public servants in a governmental entity in Peru during 2022. Utilizing logistic regression analysis on a sample of 134 participants, and asserting a 99% confidence level with a 3.8% margin of error, it is concluded that DC accounts for a significant proportion (24.9%) of productivity variability. The analysis identifies a deficiency in DC among older public servants, following an examination of skills in information, communication, creation, digital security, and digital empathy. While communication sk ills are prominent, creative abilities emerge as the most vulnerable aspect. This study advocates for the implementation of a training program aimed at enhancing DC, with a particular emphasis on creative skills, and adopting a tailored approach for digital natives and immigrants. The training plan should be underpinned by the proposed concept of DC within a directed acyclic diagram, illustrating the integration and interrelation of the five key digital skills - information, communication, creation, digital security, and digital empathy - thereby enhancing productivity through increased effectiveness and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reveals the main areas of higher education institutions scientific libraries’ work in the field of forming the youth digital culture and ensuring the basic principles of digital citizenship. The relevance and novelty of the research lies in clarifying the need for constant improvement of digital culture in its relationship with digital citizenship in the modern educational space with the involvement of the scientific libraries’ experience. The research methodology is based on a combination of comparative analysis, systematic, heuristic and logical methods of scientific research. The essential features of information culture, digital culture and the culture of knowledge management in the modern educational space are analyzed, in particular, the dynamics of knowledge management in higher educational institutions stimulate students to exchange experience and knowledge not only within the boundaries of one educational institution, but also in the network educational space in general. Digital technologies provide effective communication in the network public space and create prerequisites for successful professional and personal self-realization of a person. It is noted that the formation of digital culture is based on the development of digital competences, as a dynamic combination of knowledge, abilities, skills, ways of thinking, views, other personal qualities in the field of information, communication and digital technologies for communication, personal development, learning, work, participation in social life. The main features of digital citizenship are defined as the awareness of universal cultural and social issues related to technologies, the formed practice of legal and ethical behavior; safe, legal and responsible use of information and technologies; demonstration of a positive attitude towards the use of technology, that support collaboration, learning and productivity; a sense of responsibility for one's lifelong learning; commitment to intellectual honesty; respect for different cultures and societies in the virtual environment and the preservation of personal information. The Conclusions emphasize the worldview component of digital culture, which contributes to a change in thinking style based on new digital competencies. In the conditions of globalization challenges of modern times, the formation of digital culture of youth contributes to ensuring information security not only of an individual, but also of society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyze how the development of digital consciousness and the widespread ingress of digital technologies into daily life affect the under-standing and formation of human identity in contemporary society. This aim encompasses several key research directions: studying the impact of virtual agents and artificial intelligence systems with elements of digital conscious-ness on individuals’ self- perception and their views of the world; identifying the role of digital media in the process of forming and rethinking social identity; analyzing the consequences of continuous interaction with digital technologies and content for personal development, self-esteem, and self-presentation; considering ethical and philosophical issues related to the creation and interaction with digital conscious-ness; reflecting on potential pathways for the development of relationships between humans and digital technologies, assessing opportunities and risks associated with a closer integration of artificial intelligence into the social and personal spheres of people’s lives. The result of exercising this interdisciplinary approach and combining various theories and observations show that people, with the help of technology, are taking part in developing their own identity, further proving the impact of digitalization on an individualistic and collective level; digital technologies also tend to have a profound and transformative impact on the peoples’ self-awareness and relations in a globalized world; furthermore, the use of digital technologies proves to be an effective means of global and subtle influence on the life, behavior and beliefs of modern people. It has been argued that postmodernism and cyberculture, in addition to having an ontological connection, share a model of world perception, which is not affiliated with any type of hierarchical model. The result of the author's reasoning is the conclusion that changes in technology or data loss are not mere technical problems – people end up feeling serious consequences of them, including drastic shifts in their personality, cognitive abilities and general well-being. This deeply affects the user’s ability to maintain their productivity, interact with information, and, more broadly, their ability to function in everyday life. Such situations highlight the need for the development and implementation of strategies and policies that consider potential vulnerabilities associated with technology dependence and aim to minimize the negative consequences of such dependence. Ethical considerations around cognitive extenders should include discussions on precautionary measures and development standards that ensure protection and support for users in the event of technological changes, updates, or failures. This might involve creating more resilient systems for data storage and recovery, developing more transparent and predictable update schemes, and introducing policies that support users’ cognitive autonomy and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the current aspects of social engineering in the digital age. Social engineering is considered as a strategic technology of constructing new meanings, principles, rules and facts of social interaction. The socio-philosophical concepts of K. Popper, P. Sorokin, and R. Silverstone are analyzed in the context of constructive proposals of social engineering. The application of historical and philosophical intellectual constructs to the practices of social transformations is described in the article. The article reveals the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies in social engineering. The risks of creating new tools and algorithms for manipulation, disorientation of users of virtual technologies by social engineering methods are shown within the framework of the digital security problem. The diversity of views on the essence of social engineering and the analysis of its spheres of application problematize the interpretation of its social role and meaning. The methods of constructing social events and interfering in people's lives require critical evaluation. The implementation of AI in social engineering developments leads to the new risks, which are systematized in the article. They are related to the manipulation of public consciousness, distortion of identification and personalisation methods, financial fraud, and violation of human security [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aero Weaponry is the property of Aero Weaponry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, with digital technologies being in every aspect of our lives, cyberbullying and digital ethics, and digital security violations are emerging as concepts that threaten our digital world. It is thought that displaying ethical behavior and providing digital security in digital environments can increase sensitivity to cyberbullying. Here, it is necessary to learn and apply the concepts of digital ethics and security correctly. For this reason, we can say that the places where we can learn and apply these concepts in the best way are educational environments. Therefore, the adoption of digital ethics and digital security concepts by pre-service teachers, both for themselves and for their future students, will raise awareness about the sensitivity to cyberbullying. This study also revealed that the concepts of digital ethics and security should be considered to increase the sensitivity of pre-service teachers to cyberbullying. In the research, the scanning model, one of the quantitative research designs, was used. Data were collected from 879 pre-service teachers studying at a state university. Within the scope of the research, three scales were used for pre-service teachers: "Cyberbullying Sensitivity Scale," "Digital Data Security Scale" and "The information and Communication Technologies Usage Ethics Scale." T-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, and regression tests were used in the analysis of the data. Because of the research, it was seen that the digital data security awareness, cyberbullying sensitivities, and digital ethics perceptions of pre-service teachers did not differ according to grade level, but differed according to gender and department level. Additionally, while digital data security awareness did not differ according to the department, it did not differ according to the combined effect of gender and department variables. Additionally, it was concluded that digital data security awareness predicts sensitivity to cyberbullying. Suggestions were made regarding the findings obtained at the end of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study considered and analyzed the economic essence of the concept of «economic security» and its importance in the company's activities, the impact on the organization and maintenance of accounting operations and the need for cyber protection of such operations, especially depending on the sectoral or innovative direction of the company's activity. The development of digital technologies and their application in the economy requires enterprises of all forms of ownership to take measures for digital data security, including the organization of accounting and tax accounting in the conditions of their digital transformations, and from state bodies during interaction with the subject of economic activity protection of information transmission channels at the appropriate level against cyber attacks. Any measures taken by the enterprise to protect data, record keeping in the conditions of the digital economy require it to bear the appropriate costs for ensuring the keeping of such records and protection of data transmitted by the enterprise, or accepted from state authorities, since at the current stage of development of digital technologies, server data stores on which state bodies store information about the activities of a significant number of subjects are regularly attacked by hacker attacks. As a rule, the costs of the enterprise are proportional to the measures related to the protection of the existing information component of the activity and the necessary complex of them, as well as the corresponding accounting operations when they are reflected in accounting or tax accounting. An analysis of scientific and specialized literature was carried out, where it was investigated that the approaches to the definition of the concept of economic security among scientists and scientists differ in their nature and approaches, which requires further study of the terminology and the creation of a single generalizing approach to the definition of the concept and the scope of its use as a whole. It was determined that the costs of the economic security of the enterprise in the conditions of digital transformations of the modern economy are the resources of the enterprise expressed in monetary form, which are used in the process of its activity to ensure the proper and uninterrupted functionality of the external and internal electronic communication system, as well as incurred to ensure the protection of intellectual and technological component of its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image tempering is one of the significant issues in the modern era. The use of powerful tools for image editing with advanced technology and its widespread on social media raised questions on data integrity. Currently, the protection of images is uncertain and a severe concern, mainly when it transfers over the Internet. Thus, it is essential to detect an anomaly in images through artificial intelligence techniques. The simple way of image forgery is called copy-move, where a part of an image is replicated in the same image to hide unwanted content of the image. However, image processing through handcrafted features usually looks for pattern concerns with duplicate content, limiting their employment for huge data classification. On the other side, deep learning approaches achieve promising results, but their performance depends on training data with fine-tuning of hyperparameters. Thus, we proposed a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture with a pre-trained model ResNet101 through a transfer learning approach. For this purpose, both models are trained on five different datasets. In both cases, the impact of the model is evaluated through accuracy, precision, recall, F -score and achieved the highest 98.4% accuracy using the Coverage dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing prevalence of cybercrime, particularly among young adults, necessitates the promotion of digital citizenship to educate students about responsible online behavior and to equip them with the skills to mitigate cyber risks. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the effect of digital citizenship skills on the prevention of cybercrime among higher education students. A mixed-method approach, including surveys and interviews, was employed to collect data from 652 students in Saudi Arabia. This study found that digital citizenship generally has a significant impact on students' awareness and prevention of cybercrime through the development of responsible online behavior. Knowledge of digital law came first, followed by beliefs about digital manners. Digital communication skills came third, followed by digital rights, knowledge, and duties in fourth place. Then, digital commerce skills and digital health beliefs came fifth and sixth, respectively. This was followed by digital access skills, then digital security, and finally digital culture. The results also revealed a negative statistical relationship between digital citizenship and cybercrimes' various forms including national, financial, banking, social, immoral, insulting, slanderous, defaming, threatening, and harassment in virtual learning environments. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how higher education institutions can promote digital citizenship and prevent cybercrime by integrating digital citizenship education into their curriculum, providing training for educators, and establishing clear policies and guidelines for responsible online behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the perceptions and thoughts of low awareness high school students regarding the effects of personal data sharing in the digital environment, after examining the examples presented on the topic. A holistic single-case study design was used in the research as a qualitative research method. As part of the study, the participants were shown a historical documentary called "Great Hack" about how personal data sharing could affect human life. Before the interview, the purpose of showing this documentary to the participants was explained as providing examples to students with low awareness about the effects of personal data management, which is the main problem of the research. Data were collected from students who watched the documentary and voluntarily participated in the interview process. The majority of the participants were found to have low awareness about personal data. It was revealed that the purpose of sharing on social media is generally for getting likes and archiving information. However, participants realized the risks such as manipulation of personal data, turning it into a commercial product, and using it against them after seeing the examples in the documentary. Additionally, the concept of psychological profiling and the potential for addiction to constant advertising and content bombardment were emphasized. It was concluded that the participants would be more cautious and careful about sharing after gaining awareness from the documentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalists are increasingly attacked in response to their work yet they often lack the necessary support and training to protect themselves, their sources, and their communications. Despite this, there has been limited scholarly attention that addresses how journalism schools approach digital security education. This paper draws from an analysis of 106 US programs and 23 semi-structured interviews with journalism students and professors to examine how the next generation of journalists learn about digital security practices. Our findings show that most programs (88.7%) don't offer formal digital security programming and that digital security skills are often deprioritized in favor of skills seen as more significant contributors to post-graduate hiring—a key priority of journalism programs. Additional barriers include a lack of space and time in existing curricula for added digital security coursework, a perception that students are not interested, and few professors with related knowledge. When security education is introduced, it's done so in often informal and ad-hoc ways, largely led by "security champions," both within and outside of journalism, who advocate for its legitimacy. These findings have important implications for journalism education and journalists' capacity to carry out their work amidst a deteriorating safety environment in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent security applications in mobile technologies and computer systems use face recognition for high-end security. Despite numerous security techniques, face recognition is considered a high-security control. Developers fuse and carry out face identification as an access authority into these applications. Still, face identification authentication is sensitive to attacks with a 2-D photo image or captured video to access the system as an authorized user. In the existing spoofing detection algorithm, there was some loss in the recreation of images. This research proposes an unobtrusive technique to detect face spoofing attacks that apply a single frame of the sequenced set of frames to overcome the above-said problems. This research offers a novel Edge-Net autoencoder to select convoluted and dominant features of the input diffused structure. First, this proposed method is tested with the Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofing (CASIA), Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) dataset. This database has three models of attacks: distorted photographs in printed form, photographs with removed eyes portion, and video attacks. The images are taken with three different quality cameras: low, average, and high-quality real and spoofed images. An extensive experimental study was performed with CASIA-FASD, 3 Diagnostic Machine Aid-Digital (DMAD) dataset that proved higher results when compared to existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibet is one of the most restrictive places in the world for press freedom, with information online and offline tightly controlled and censored by the Chinese government. Foreign correspondents are restricted from travelling to and reporting in Tibetan areas, while Tibetans who act as sources are often persecuted. Despite this level of repression, Tibetans still find ways to tell the rest of the world what is happening in Tibet. This paper explores how it is possible to authoritatively report on events in one of the world's most restrictive places for press freedom. Instead of relying on a single individual or news organisation, we find that reporting is conducted through journalistic networks consisting of sources in Tibet, Tibetan exile journalists, and source intermediaries called 'communicators'. Based on fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with Tibetan journalists and communicators we explore how they develop and maintain journalistic authority, while being in exile and having to deal with severe constraints to press freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azerbaijan is an authoritarian regime, whose government maintains a tight grip over the media landscape. Independent and opposition media are regularly persecuted, with journalists and their family members intimidated by law enforcement agencies via arrests, beating, threats and other forms of persecution. Defamation is considered a criminal offence. This paper addresses the impact of this restrictive media environment on reporting about Azerbaijan. As scores of journalists have fled the country in search of safety, a community of exiled journalists has emerged and a number of news media websites operate in exile. Together they continue reporting on Azerbaijan with the help of a handful of journalists remaining on the ground. This paper explores how reporting on Azerbaijan continues despite a highly restricted media environment and what this means for other media systems facing authoritarian rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nascent firms and startups are often subject to challenges that their more mature counterparts can avoid. While cybersecurity is an issue that all firms contend with, it is especially challenging for new entrepreneurial ventures who lack the resources and capabilities of established firms. The purpose of this paper is to seek to delve deeper into the cybersecurity and risk management needs of small firms and startups. Design/methodology/approach: Extant literature and available tools are explored to develop a usable framework applicable to small firms and new entrepreneurial ventures. Findings: The liabilities of newness and smallness make entrepreneurial ventures a unique context in which to study the significance of cybersecurity and data privacy risk management. The authors offer an overview of issues and potential solutions relevant to entrepreneurial ventures. Research limitations/implications: While offering practical insights, the work is a theoretical framework. The framework will enable researchers to develop more nuanced theory when it comes to cybersecurity and data privacy risk management. Practical implications: The framework illustrates four distinct contexts for cybersecurity and risk management when it comes to the needs of small firms and startups. Adoption levels are explained, and small business operators and entrepreneurs can thus use the framework to determine the most appropriate approach for their enterprise. Originality/value: The authors develop a framework illustrating adoption of different security and risk management practices by entrepreneurial ventures based on their specific needs and context. The authors thus offer practical solutions for startups and nascent firms regarding cybersecurity and privacy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hotel & Tourism Management is the property of Faculty of Hotel Management & Tourism in Vrnjacka Banja and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the main methods used to provide security for medical records when exchanging these records through open networks is digital watermarking. In order to preserve the privacy of patients, this system also requires a means to secure images. In this paper, a watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and discrete and discrete cosine transform (DCT) in cascade provides more robustness and security. DCT divides the image into low and high-frequency regions, watermarking message can be embedded into low-frequency regions to prevent distortion of the original image. DWT splits the image into four frequency coefficients; horizontal, vertical, approximation, and detailed frequency component. The judgment factors for the strength of the watermark system are robustness, invisibility, and embedded message capacity. Invisibility means transparency of the watermark logo or data in the original or host image without any distortion. Capacity data payload means the size of the embedded image which is related to the amount of data or logo size that will be embedded in the host image. Robustness refers to the capability of the watermark to stand with the host image operations. In this paper, we propose an optimizer to tradeoff between robustness, invisibility, and message capacity. Three metrics were employed to assess the results achieved by the proposed approach, namely, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), and Image Fidelity (IF). The achieved results confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach for real-world digital watermarking applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of digitization on four spheres of society, i.e., economic, political, social, and spiritual, is analyzed. Digitization is defined as the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) that can bring about both positive (legitimate) and negative (wrongful) effects. At the same time, today the digitization of public spheres directly involves the component of ensuring the digital security of society, which is becoming increasingly global in character. Cyber wars and cyber attacks cause economic damage on a global scale, amounting to six trillion dollars US annually, which is commensurate with the economic losses of wartime. Large-scale digitization of public spheres for the first time in human history creates an objective opportunity for constructing and designing future social states, which makes a fundamental difference between the course of future socio-economic and political processes and the historical evolution of the previous eras. This gave rise to a dichotomy of virtual utopias and dystopias of Future projects. Dystopias are inspired by visions of the coming "digital slavery," while utopias focus on visions of a "digital paradise." Polarized views on the digital Future are based on the processes of the "digital divide," the meaning of which is that digitization contributes to a significant increase in inequality in access to digital goods, which in turn results in a growing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. The coronavirus pandemic promoted a powerful acceleration of digitization processes, which acted as a form of society's adaptation to its stresses and harmful consequences. Digitization has made social distancing possible and cost-effective. At the same time, the pandemic was conducive to a colossal increase in the economic power and political influence of digital corporations, which objectively requires a sharp increase in the regulatory role of the state, which should put digitization under effective public control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, it was aimed to develop a “Digital Security Self-Efficacy Inventory” consisting of subscales to determine the digital security self-efficacy levels of secondary school seventh grade students. First of all, the Social Studies Course curriculum, Information Technologies and Software Course curriculum and related field literature were scanned and the topics of the 5 sub-scales were determined and article pools were created. The substance pools prepared in five likert types were presented to the expert opinion and the necessary arrangements were made. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed for the validity and reliability studies of the five subscales included in the inventory. A total of 1174 secondary school seventh grade students made up the study group. As a result of the EFA, 5 items were removed from the technical subscale, and the total explained variance of the twofactor structure consisting of 15 items is 32.86%. Psychosocial sub-40,33 percent of the total variance in the scale that explains the 8-point one-factor structure, online shopping sub-5 percent of the total variance in the scale that explains 49,79-item, single-factor structure, rights and responsibilities of the sub-44,32 percent of the total variance in the scale that explains a 7-point single-factor structure and health sub-scale of the total variance in 49,81 5%, which explained the single-point-Factor Structure demonstrated. The structure is confirmed by looking at the model fit indices of the subscales in the CFA. In order to test the reliability, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients were examined and calculated as 0.85 on the technical sub-scale, 0.77 on the psychosocial sub-scale, 0.78 on the online shopping sub-scale, 0.78 on the rights and responsibilities sub-scale, and 0.75 on the health sub-scale. According to the results of the analyzes carried out, it has been proven that the sub-scales included in the Digital Security SelfEfficacy Inventory are a valid and reliable measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fifth article in a series of five papers devoted to hydrogen energy digitalization. The article discusses the prospects for the introduction of digital technologies in the processes of industrial production, transportation and storage of hydrogen energy products. It is shown that the introduction of digitalization methods should be carried out within a single digital platform. The issues of digital security of hydrogen units, as well as the confidentiality of data transmission when using advanced information technologies, are considered. An increase in the pace of digitalization methods implementation can be achieved by training the personnel with competencies in interdisciplinary fields. A number of relevant problems that complicate the process of hydrogen industry digitalization are described. The requirements for the competencies of future experts in the interdisciplinary field are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home users of information and communication technologies are often the target of online attacks. At the same time they tend to lack the knowledge and skills to effectively protect themselves. Families with children are in a particularly difficult position since parents are responsible not only for their own digital safety, but of their children's too. This study focuses on the sources of digital security information used by parents. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that are associated with parents' preferences for digital security information. To achieve this aim, we conducted an online survey of 331 Czech parents and examined the patterns of sources used for digital security information using latent class analysis. This analysis identified four groups of parents: (1) those relying predominantly on the internet in general, (2) those using specialised sources (expert websites and professionals), (3) those utilising a wide spectrum of sources, including internet, television, and friends and family, and (4) those who predominantly gain information from their partners, and partially from specialists. The study also shows that the preferences of specific sources are connected to parental mediation practices and both parents' internet skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key analysts are emphasizing the importance of the digitalization especially of the supply chain. This work aims to improve maritime shipping companies by introducing digitalization in their operations. This objective is achieved analyzing the impact of maritime container shipping companies' digitalization. This analysis requires as input the Business Process Model (BPMo) and an inventory of digital applications to verify how the BPMo changes when deploying the applications, define the prerequisites necessary for this deployment, and identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) to track it. The impact of the deployment of the applications has been quantified by using four performance dimensions: Costs, Time, Quality, and Flexibility. The results show that the impacts are different per application, with changes in the processes, the addition of new ones, and the decommissioning of others. The impact of digitalization is high when trying to deploy all the applications at the same time. Companies can leverage this work, which requires reviewing the documented impacts in their processes and the applications' prerequisites as well as updating their existing balanced scorecard, incorporating the application's KPIs. A list of 10 applications has been identified as "quick wins"; then, applications can be the starting point for digitalizing a company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft biometric information, such as gender, iris, and voice, can be helpful in various applications, such as security, authentication, and validation. Iris is secure biometrics with low forgery and error rates due to its highly certain features are being used in the last few decades. Iris recognition could be used both independently and in part for secure recognition and authentication systems. Existing iris‐based gender classification techniques have low accuracy rates as well as high computational complexity. Accordingly, this paper presents an authentication approach through gender classification from iris images using support vector machine (SVM) that has an excellent response to sustained changes using the Zernike, Legendre invariant moments, and Gradient‐oriented histogram. In this study, invariant moments are used as feature extraction from iris images. After extracting these descriptors' attributes, the attributes are categorized through keycode fusion. SVM is employed for gender classification using a fused feature vector. The proposed approach is evaluated on the CVBL data set and results are compared in state of the art based on local binary patterns and Gabor filters. The proposed approach came out with 98% gender classification rate with low computational complexity that could be used as an authentication measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend of the digital world is the transition from machine-to-machine, machine-topeople, and information technology to human technology with expanded digital to the maturity stage of the internet of everything. The (IoE) is the addition of connectivity and intelligence to every device in order to give them special functions. It embraces four components, namely, people, process, data, and things, and also four technical points of view which are smartness, interconnectivity, big data, and semantic interoperability to deploy the solutions that offer programmability, improved flexibility, and enhanced policy management by the various private and public sectors. The architecture of IoE includes applications, service platform, Internet, gateways, communications, and nodes and attract a security need that will be ubiquitous and able to protect the devices, applications, networks, data, users, and things that make up the Internet of Everything. These systems work collaboratively and smartly with each other and perform the desired task. IoE will be a radical shift to think on how we live, solve the problem, create value, secure environment to keep people, data, processes, and things under digital hamlet. The network capabilities will create new experiences, capabilities, and economic opportunities for individuals, businesses, and governments as a solution to the digital world. The internet of everything is a philosophy of one thing, which is everything. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario of Internet-enabled gadgets, most of the people are fully dependent on mobile phones and installed apps. The smartphone users keep their data and personal information on cloud services and access on their mobile phones via smartphone apps for the ease and 24 X 7 availability of the information. But such scenarios are nowadays giving threats to personal data especially due to high risk of security issues arising from the installed in smartphone. Currently, everybody is using smartphone apps for their personal, official, or social networks. From the deep adavancements of security, this is reported that the research on mobile networks security is very challanging to secure the personal and high sentive data leakage. Android is one of the popular smartphone platforms that is used widely with a millions of apps. The presented research manuscript is implementing the machine learning algorithm for smartphone forensic with a specific scenario of Android Apps so that overall analytics with effectual security can be maintained. The experimetal work ensured outperformed forensic security and predictive analysis by using AAPT android application tool. The expected classes of Manifest Analysis for Malware(MAMA) dataset can be allocated for testing dataset with the same mathematical functions as performed by the previous classification model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study on digital security and press freedom, specifically the freedom from surveillance and the freedom to private and secure communication. We study journalists' understanding and awareness of digital security practices: their perception of risks and threats of surveillance, and also their awareness of tools and techniques to communicate securely. Based on an empirical study of journalists in Hong Kong, including those who regularly travel to China for work, we build out a theoretical framework for understanding digital security mind-sets of journalists. We found differences in journalists' behavior depending on how novice or advanced their understanding of digital security are. Journalists with a novice security mind-set will take different actions that produce different outcomes and behavior than those with an advanced security mind-set. We argue that journalists with an advanced security mind-set are able to work on a larger and wider range of (sensitive) stories, suggesting they enjoy a higher degree of press freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]