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Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by a specific strain of the 6 types of human coronaviruses (HCoV). MERS-CoV has spread unchecked since it was first discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The virus most likely spreads through nosocomial and zoonotic channels. Genetic analyses suggest that bats were the initial hosts and that the disease spread to camels. Person-to-person transmission occurs with varying frequency, being most prevalent in clinical settings and the least common among the general population and among close relatives. Due to the severity of the illness, high fatality rate, potential for epidemic spread, and lack of adequate medical countermeasures, the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to list MERS-CoV as a priority pathogen. While no specific antiviral medicines exist, a combination of antivirals has shown promise in recent clinical trials. Vaccines against MERS-CoV are critically needed and are currently being developed. Early diagnosis and implementing appropriate infection control measures are keys to preventing hospital-associated outbreaks. Preventive measures include avoiding raw or undercooked meats and other animal products, ensuring proper hand hygiene in healthcare settings and around dromedaries, educating the public and healthcare personnel about the disease, and adhering to other recommended practices. Countries with a high prevalence of MERS should adhere to regulations designed to limit the transmission of the virus. The recent spread of MERS-CoV highlights the importance of public awareness regarding the significance of reporting symptoms so that appropriate control measures can be adopted. The narrative review discusses the incidence of MERS, its clinical presentation, potential transmission routes, recent reports, preventative and control measures, and current therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based functional foods have gained wider attention in current scenario with mung bean harboring several bioactive compounds with promising gut health benefits and pharmacological importance. Consumption of mung bean has a positive impact on beneficial gut microbes and microbial metabolite production. The effects of dietary mung bean on gut microbial homeostasis and the management of gut-related diseases along with the possible mechanism of action, have been highlighted through this review paving a way for a promising role of dietary mung bean as a functional food in the management of gut-related diseases for example mung bean peptides can help not only in treating prediabetes but also delaying the aging process by targeting the intestinal microflora. In addition, expanding our knowledge of how diets affect host health and disease, including the effects of mung bean dietary components on gut microbiota-derived metabolites, will eventually allow for the development of tailored diets and nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a cornerstone in veterinary regenerative medicine. The present study evaluated the impact of the operator on the qualitative and quantitative features of non-activated PRP derived from canine whole blood. Blood was collected in anticoagulant acid citrate dextrose from twelve healthy adult dogs and PRP was prepared according to the double-spin method. Both operators followed an identical protocol and utilized the same equipment for PRP preparation from the pooled blood samples. The resulting PRP underwent characterization, classification and coding based on minimum reporting standards. The consistency and internal reliability of different parameters were also assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha values. Variables such as white blood cell (WBC) concentration, relative WBC composition and mean platelet volume (MPV) showed poor reliability, and WBC concentration and MPV also had unacceptable internal consistency. Significant differences were observed in several qualitative and quantitative parameters of the prepared PRP, highlighting the influence of the operator even when the same protocol and equipment were used. Our study has direct implications to regenerative medicine, reinforcing the urgency to set minimum requirements for reporting PRP in research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in veterinary regenerative medicine highlights their promising therapeutic potential. However, the lack of standardized characterization and reporting practices across studies poses a significant challenge, compromising the assessment of their safety and efficacy. While criteria established for human MSCs serve as a foundation, the unique characteristics of animal-derived MSCs warrant updated guidelines tailored to veterinary medicine. A recent position statement outlining minimal reporting criteria for MSCs in veterinary research reflects efforts to address this need, aiming to enhance research quality and reproducibility. Standardized reporting criteria ensure transparency, facilitate evidence synthesis, and promote best practices adoption in MSC isolation, characterization, and administration. Adherence to minimal reporting criteria is crucial for maintaining scientific rigor and advancing the field of veterinary regenerative medicine. Ongoing collaboration among stakeholders is essential for effective implementation and adherence to updated guidelines, fostering excellence and innovation in MSC-based therapies for animal patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact. Main text: This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health implementation. Conclusions: By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decalcification is crucial in histological processing, particularly for studying mineralized tissues like bone. The choice of decalcification method can significantly impact the quality of histological sections and the preservation of tissue morphology. This study aims to establish a standardized protocol for decalcifying rat calvarial bone using a formic acid-formalin-based decalcification solution. The protocol was systematically optimized and evaluated based on various parameters, including decalcification time, formic acid concentration, and tissue integrity preservation. The decalcification process was evaluated through comprehensive assessments, including gross physical examination, chemical analysis, and radiographic imaging techniques. Our result demonstrated that the 10% formic acid concentration proved most effective for decalcifying rat calvarial bone samples within eight days, excelling in mineral content removal while preserving specimen structural integrity. In contrast, the 5% concentration failed to complete decalcification within ten days, and the 15% compromised sample quality within eight days. Histological analyses confirmed the efficacy of the 10% formic acid concentration in maintaining tissue integrity and achieving optimal staining quality. The standardized protocol presented in this study provides an effective and reliable approach for achieving consistent and high-quality histological sections of rat calvarial bone. An ideal decalcification agent should effectively remove calcium salts, preserve structural integrity and molecular components, facilitate rapid yet minimally damaging decalcification, and ensure ease of handling for laboratory personnel. Further exploration of its applicability to different bone types or species is recommended to broaden its research utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for a paper on the potential bioactive compound bromelain. The authors have identified errors in one section of the paper and provide revised references. The corrected table includes therapeutic studies of bromelain based on experimental studies. The document also includes a compilation of various scientific studies and articles related to the use of bromelain for various medical purposes. The studies explore the potential benefits of bromelain in treating conditions such as cancer, inflammation, thrombosis, and pain. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific research on bromelain and its potential applications in medicine. [Extracted from the article]

The 2022 multi-country Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak has added concerns to scientific research. However, unanswered questions about the disease remain. These unanswered questions lie in different aspects, such as transmission, the affected community, clinical presentations, infection and prevention control and treatment and vaccination. It is imperative to address these issues to stop the spread and transmission of disease. We documented unanswered questions with Mpox and offered suggestions that could help put health policy into practice. One of those questions is why gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) are the most affected community, underscoring the importance of prioritizing this community regarding treatment, vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis. In addition, destigmatizing gbMSM and implementing community-based gbMSM consultation and action alongside ethical surveillance can facilitate other preventive measures such as ring vaccination to curb disease transmission and track vaccine efficacy. Relevant to that, vaccine and drug side effects have implied the questionability of their use and stimulated the importance of health policy development regarding expanded access and off-label use, expressing the need for safe drug and vaccine development manufacturing. The possibility of reverse zoonotic has also been raised, thus indicating the requirement to screen not only humans, but also their related animals to understand the real magnitude of reverse zoonosis and its potential risks. Implementing infection prevention and control measures to stop the virus circulation at the human–animal interface that includes One Health approach is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess and manage bacterial contamination in multiple batches of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures derived from rabbit bone marrow. Routine visual inspection and microscopic examination were employed for the detection of the contaminated cultures. The contaminated cultures were inoculated on Nutrient agar and multiple isolated colonies were subjected to Gram staining and biochemical characterization. Further, molecular identification of the bacterial isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction. The determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Among the 351 mesenchymal stem cell culture (SCC) flasks monitored, only 1.42% were found to be contaminated. Based on the phenotypic and biochemical characterization, the major bacterial contaminants were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., and Escherichia coli infiltrating during various stages of cell processing. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns revealed varying responses among isolates, crucial for effective antimicrobial strategies and maintaining aseptic conditions in SCCs. The study emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring to maintain sterile environments, validate culture quality, and uphold safety standards. The findings indicate the need to establish stringent quality control measures, crucial for the successful translation of MSC research into clinical applications. The research advocates for continuous monitoring, adherence to SOPs, and further investigations into preventive strategies for ensuring the safety and efficacy of MSC-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic plants have been shown to improve performance when included in bird diets at an early stage, particularly when used to provide a small portion of the total protein needed. Azolla (Azolla pinnata) is a widely distributed heterosporous aquatic fern. Azolla resembles other common ferns, although it is green in colour and appears more like duckweed or mosses when it is floating freely on the water's surface. It can be used as a protein source in chicken and animal feed. Azolla has a wide range of pharmacological properties and can be used as a food source as well as an antioxidant, immunological booster, hepatoprotector, phytoremediator and bioremediator. B12, beta-carotene and vitamin A are among the vitamins, biopolymers, minerals, and amino acids found in azolla. Carotene and trace minerals are abundant in azolla. It seems to be a medication that protects the liver from hepatotoxic chemicals. Its decoction (concentrated plant liquor) includes properties that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic, making it a desirable treatment and preventive option for good hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio, average performance, performance index, egg weight, egg production, egg shape index, and yolk colour of laying ducks fed azolla-based diets were all improved. The goal of this exploratory study was to learn more about the health benefits of azolla as well as how Azolla pinnata should be recognised by researchers, vets, and poultry nutritionists in order to increase chicken productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing and skin regeneration involve intricate interactions between various cellular, molecular, and biochemical factors. This narrative review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the present status of therapeutic strategies for wound healing and skin regeneration. The literature review was performed using the Google Scholar search engine with the help of relevant keywords. Selected publications were used to synthesize different sections of the narrative review. The quest for innovative therapeutic approaches to accelerate wound healing and enhance skin regeneration has led to remarkable advancements in recent years. The landscape of therapeutic approaches for wound healing and skin regeneration is evolving rapidly, driven by groundbreaking discoveries and interdisciplinary collaborations. From advanced wound dressings and growth factor therapies to stem cell-based interventions and gene editing techniques, the arsenal of tools at our disposal continues to expand. As researchers continue to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying wound repair and regeneration, the potential for transformative therapies to revolutionize patient care remains immense. Through a combination of innovative technologies, personalized approaches, ethical considerations, and global accessibility, the future of wound healing holds promise for improving the lives of countless individuals worldwide. Despite significant advancements, several knowledge gaps persist in the field of wound healing and skin regeneration. Further elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms governing wound repair, inflammation resolution, and scar formation is warranted. Exploring the crosstalk between wound healing and the microbiome and the influence of ageing and systemic diseases will unravel new therapeutic targets and strategies. As researchers delve deeper into understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying wound repair, the development of novel therapies and their clinical translation become increasingly promising. With a multidisciplinary approach and ongoing advancements in technology, biology, and medicine, the future holds great potential for transforming the field of wound healing and skin regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is still a major challenge for humans. In recent years, researchers have focused on plant‐based metabolites as a safe, efficient, alternative or combinatorial, as well as cost‐effective preventive strategy against carcinogenesis. Mung bean is an important nutritious legume, and known for providing various health benefits due to various bioactive phytochemicals and easily digestible proteins. Regular intake of mung bean helps to regulate metabolism by affecting the growth and survival of good microbes in the host gut. Mung bean has also been reported to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. These properties may possess the preventive potential of mung bean against carcinogenesis. Bibliographic databases for peer‐reviewed research literature were searched through a structured conceptual approach using focused review questions on mung beans, anticancer, therapeutics, and functional foods along with inclusion/exclusion criteria. For the appraisal of the quality of retrieved articles, standard tools were employed. A deductive qualitative content analysis methodology further led us to analyze outcomes of the research and review articles. The present review provides recent updates on the anticancer potential of mung bean and the possible mechanism of action thereof to prevent carcinogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research on the active metabolites and mechanisms of action is required to establish the anticancer potential of mung bean. Keeping the above facts in view, mung bean should be investigated for its bioactive compounds, to be considered as functional food of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants with active ingredients have shown great potential as natural and sustainable additives in livestock and poultry diets as growth promoters, performance, feed conversion ratio, digestibility of nutrient enhancers, and antioxidants and immune system modulators. Among active ingredients, phytosterols, which are plant-based bio-factors that may be found in seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables and legumes, are thought to be involved in the aforementioned activities but are also widely known in human medicine due to their efficacy in treating diabetes, coronary heart disease, and tumors. Nevertheless, phytosterols can also promote carcinogens production, angiogenesis inhibition, metastasis, infiltration, and cancer cells proliferation. This review focuses on the deepening of the biological role and health benefits of phytosterols and their new potential application in poultry and livestock nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the potential of ChatGPT, an advanced language model powered by artificial intelligence (AI), to improve healthcare delivery in rural areas. ChatGPT can be used as a generative chatbot to answer patient queries, assist in appointment scheduling, and support healthcare professionals in decision-making. It can also be integrated into telemedicine platforms to facilitate virtual consultations and provide initial recommendations. Additionally, ChatGPT can promote health education, aid in diagnosis and treatment decisions, assist in health management, and offer mental health support. However, challenges such as internet connectivity, data privacy concerns, language and cultural differences, and limited technology availability need to be addressed. The implementation of ChatGPT should be accompanied by human supervision to ensure patient safety, privacy, and ethical considerations. Further research is needed to address biases, improve contextual understanding, enhance privacy and security measures, and develop digital infrastructure and healthcare AI validation. Overall, ChatGPT has the potential to reduce healthcare disparities between rural and urban populations and improve health outcomes for all. [Extracted from the article]

The therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for repairing full-thickness skin wounds was evaluated using a rabbit model. The rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treatment was given as per the predetermined protocol (3 doses at one-week interval): Group A (Control), Group B (AdSVF), Group C (AdMSC), Group D (AdMSC-CM), Group E (PF127), Group F (AdSVF + PF127), Group G (AdMSC + PF127), and Group H (AdMSC-CM + PF127). Skin tissue samples were collected from the healing wounds on day 28 for staining and collagen quantification. Collagen density (Area %) was quantified using tissue sections stained with Masson's Trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain using the Colour Deconvolution plugin of ImageJ and RGB stack method, respectively. These techniques function based on separating different colour channels in the stained tissue sections to isolate the collagen fibers and then quantifying them through thresholding and image analysis. Across the treatment groups, both staining methods generally showed a trend of increased collagen density compared to the control group. For most groups, PSR staining consistently indicated slightly lower collagen densities than MT staining. However, the overall trends were similar in both staining. The comparison between PSR and MT staining methods revealed that both techniques effectively assess collagen density in healing wounds. However, there were subtle differences in the absolute values obtained, with PSR staining tending to yield slightly lower collagen density measurements than MT. These differences can be attributed to the distinct mechanisms of these staining methods. Therefore, both staining methods can digitally quantify collagen density in wound healing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasteurella multocida is widely distributed in all pig-rearing countries, affecting the economic viability and profitability of pig production. The present research highlights the molecular characterization and pathology of untypeable capsular serotypes of P. multocida in slaughtered pigs from prominent pig-rearing states of India. The prevalence of Pasteurellosis was 27.17% by Pasteurella multocida specific Pasteurella multocida specific PCR (PM-PCR). assay, while isolation rate was 7.62%. The microscopic lesions of bronchopneumonia, tonsillitis, and the presence of bacterial antigens in immunohistochemistry confirmed P. multocida with pathologies. In capsular typing, the majority of the isolates were untypeable with prevalence of 52.15% and 43.58% in molecular and microbiological methods, respectively. All the isolates showed the uniform distribution of virulence genes such as exbB, nanB, sodC, plpB, and oma87 (100%), while the variations were observed in ptfA, hasR, ptfA, pfhA, hsf-1, and plpE genes. The untypeable isolates showed higher prevalence of hsf-1 gene as compared to others. The untypeable serotypes showed a higher degree of resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin antibiotics. The mouse pathogenicity testing of untypeable capsular isolates confirmed its pathogenic potential. The higher frequency of pathogenic untypeable isolates with antibiotic resistance profile might pose a serious threat to the pigs, and therefore, preventive measures should be adopted for effective control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two forms of the genus Passiflora, belonging to the Passifloraceae family, are commonly called yellow and purple passion. These perennial woody climbers are found in the cooler regions at higher altitudes and in lowlands of tropical areas. The presence of alkaloids, terpenes, stilbenes, flavonoids, glycosides, carotenoids, etc. in different parts of the plant provides several pharmacological properties. Because of the various uses in foods and pharmaceuticals, in vitro propagation of this genus has been performed hugely and is of great interest to researchers. From different explants via direct organogenesis under controlled aseptic conditions, callus, root, shoot, and somatic embryos are induced successfully. Different PGRs are augmented in the media for the rapid multiplication or organogenesis, especially, the high ratio of cytokinin and auxin in the basal media efficiently regenerates the shoot and root respectively. The in vitro regenerated plantlets are then acclimatized and hardened properly before transferring to the field conditions. Thus, the present first of its kind review on P. edulis exclusively encompasses the wide applications of biotechnology for this species alongside its organogenesis, embryogenesis, cytology, and endophytic microbes with special emphasis on the role of genetic transformation studies mediated by Agrobacterium sp. Key points: • Critical assessment on in vitro biotechnology in P. edulis. • Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in P. edulis. • Role of endophytic microbes in P. edulis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose significant threats to public health globally. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has further complicated the treatment of these infections, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among these strategies, the use of hydrogels as delivery systems for delivering antimicrobial agents has gained considerable attention. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the utilization of Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel for delivering antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study is to explore the current research landscape, identify key trends, influential authors, and prominent journals in this field. The analysis is based on a systematic search conducted using the Scopus database. The analysis covered publication trends, geographic distribution, influential authors, and key journals in the field of PF-127 hydrogel-based antimicrobial agent delivery. The results revealed the growing interest in this field, with a focus on countries such as India, the United States, and Egypt. The analysis also identified top authors, institutions, and journals contributing to the research. The findings reveal the growth of research in this area, highlighting the potential of PF-127 hydrogel as a promising vehicle for antimicrobial agent delivery. It highlights the need for further research to optimize formulation parameters, explore combination therapies, conduct in vivo studies, and promote collaboration to maximize the therapeutic potential of PF-127 hydrogel-based delivery systems in combating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. This paper provides valuable insights into the existing literature and serves as a reference for future research and development in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products and their derivatives have traditionally been used as a source of therapeutic agents. Their beneficial properties are due to large varieties in their chemical structures and biochemical actions. The discovery of natural products such as phytoconstituents have crucial role in the development of less toxic and more effective drugs. Phytoconstituents have shown to be beneficial in treating viral diseases such as the previous chikungunya virus, hepatitis C virus, SARS, and MERS viral diseases. Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other group of compounds combat against COVID-19 in several ways like by protease inhibition, spike protein inhibition, Nrf2 inhibition. The accumulation of NRF2 inhibits the development of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and stimulates anti-inflammatory action. The present review highlights the therapeutic importance of compounds isolated from medicinal plants and/or herbs, such as crude extracts of Curcumin I-III, Leptodactylone, Ginsenoside-Rb1, Lycorine, Reserpine, Saikosaponin B2, Cepharanthine, Withanoside V, Gingerol, Piperanine, chromans, flavonoids, Amentoflavone etc. against SARS-CoV-2. Natural products are typically safe, stable, and dependable source for finding drugs to control the current pandemic. Antiviral secondary metabolites many medicinal plants have given ingredients that were isolated. The selected plants based phytoconstituents may potentially be used against viruses’ development on anti-SARS-CoV-2 to offer a reference point in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, there has been a significant uptick on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a better alternative for ophthalmologic therapies in pathologies, primarily of the ocular surface. PRP is a class of liquid platelet concentrate containing a supra-physiological concentration of platelets in a relatively small amount of plasma. Its potential to heal various tissues has piqued interest in its therapeutic application as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine. It is currently a popular therapeutic agent in plastic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and even oral and maxillofacial surgery. Based on the data from in vitro and in vivo studies, it can be concluded that PRP possesses adequate therapeutic potential in ocular pathologies, especially those involving cornea. In addition, the high concentrations of growth factors (TGF-β, VEGF, EGF) present in the PRP accelerate the healing of the corneal epithelium. PRP has great therapeutic prospects in veterinary ophthalmology as a regenerative therapeutic modality. However, several variables are yet to be defined and standardized that can directly affect the efficacy of PRP application in different ophthalmic conditions. There is a shortage of research on the use of PRP in ocular surface defects compared to the number of studies and reports on the use of autologous and allogeneic serum eye drops. Therefore, a data-driven approach is required to generate consensus/guidelines for the preparation, characterization, and therapeutic use of PRP in veterinary ophthalmology. This review aims to inform readers of the latest research on PRP, including its preparation methods, physiological and biochemical properties, clinical applications in veterinary ophthalmology, and their safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge in severe neonatal sepsis cases caused by a novel variant of Echovirus 11 (E-11) in France and several European countries has sparked concern. The affected infants, mostly premature and twins, displayed rapid clinical decline within days after birth, presenting symptoms akin to septic shock with hepatic impairment and multi-organ failure. Laboratory findings revealed profound coagulopathy, low platelet counts, and acute renal failure, indicating severe disease progression. Genetic analysis identified a distinct recombinant E-11 lineage, previously unseen in France before July 2022. Despite its novelty, the exact pathogenicity remains uncertain. Although the World Health Organization downplaying immediate public health risks, the absence of a robust global surveillance program hinders accurate prevalence assessment. To mitigate the impact of this novel E-11 variant, establishing robust surveillance, refining diagnostic capabilities, and exploring therapeutic interventions such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and pocapavir are imperative for effective management and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mpox (previously known as monkeypox) continues to raise concerns since many cases are still being recorded globally. Various reports have shown changing epidemiology of the disease, together with different atypical clinical characteristics of affected patients. The condition has reportedly been self‐limited since most patients do not usually require hospitalisation. However, recent reports showed that some patients might suffer from related complications and require hospitalisation. Different systems were reportedly affected, including cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and renal events. In the present literature review, we aim to review these complications, discuss their potential mechanisms, and provide insight into the currently recommended diagnostic and management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Plumbago (family Plumbaginaceae), commonly known as leadwort, is a sub-tropical shrub that produces secondary metabolite plumbagin, which is employed by pharmaceutical companies and in clinical research. Plumbagin is a potent pharmaceutical because of its anti-microbial, anti-malarial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-fertility, anti-plasmodium, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and other effects. This review documents the biotechnological innovations used to produce plumbagin. The use of modern biotechnological techniques can lead to a variety of benefits, including better yield, increased extraction efficiency, mass production of plantlets, genetic stability, increased biomass, and more. Large-scale in vitro propagation is necessary to minimize over-exploitation of the natural population and allow the use of various biotechnological techniques to improve the plant species and secondary metabolite production. During in vitro culture, optimum conditions are requisites for explant inoculation and plant regeneration. In this review, we provide information on various aspects of plumbagin, depicting its structure, biosynthesis, and biotechnological aspects (both conventional and advanced) along with the future prospects. Key Points: • Critical assessment on in vitro biotechnology in Plumbago species • In vitro propagation of Plumbago and elicitation of plumbagin • Biosynthesis and sustainable production of plumbagin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Workers in the healthcare industry form the backbone of health systems everywhere. In the face of global health crises like the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak, healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, paramedics, administrators, support staff, laboratory technicians, and community health workers all play crucial roles in providing care and containing the spread of the disease. Aim: Therefore, in the wake of concerns about mpox recurrence, we seek to shed light on the occupational transmission of mpox infection and the possible risk to healthcare personnel. Results: Contamination of the environment of the household of cases of mpox and environment of the patient care units with the viral DNA has been reported besides asymptomatic cases and detection of viral DNA in air samples; therefore, more research on non-lesion-based testing for human mpox infection for screening asymptomatic people, particularly among populations at high risk of infection, in the event of asymptomatic transmission and potential transmission via aerosols is necessary. Monitoring efforts can be aided by incorporating mpox testing into locations where people are more likely to contract illnesses and seek medical attention. We must take a precautionary infection control approach to control the spread of the virus while completing urgent research to understand better the human-to-human mpox transmission process. Conclusions: In this minireview, we discuss the potential routes of mpox transmission to healthcare and preventative strategies and measures that should be taken and considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel is a versatile biomaterial with promising applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. PF-127 has antiadhesive activity that prevents bacterial adhesion by creating a hydrated layer on the bacterial surface. This property makes PF-127 suitable for preventing implant-associated infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of PF-127 using field isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and compare them with different antibiotic standards. The antimicrobial potential was assessed using disk diffusion assays with four standard concentrations (20%, 25%, 30%, and 40%). The test microorganisms were inoculated on agar plates, and sterile filter paper disks infused with PF-127 hydrogels were placed alongside standard antibiotic disks. After incubation, the inhibition zones were measured to determine antimicrobial activity. Our results showed that PF-127 lacked intrinsic antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, PF-127 hydrogel is a promising neutral carrier hydrogel system for loading antibiotics and antimicrobial compounds. Its unique properties, such as biocompatibility and thermo-responsive behaviour, combined with its antiadhesive activity, make it an ideal candidate for various biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global public health is overwhelmed due to the ongoing Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). As of October 2022, the causative virus SARS-CoV-2 and its multiple variants have infected more than 600 million confirmed cases and nearly 6.5 million fatalities globally. The main objective of this reported study is to understand the COVID-19 infection better from the chest X-ray (CXR) image database of COVID-19 cases from the dataset of CXR of normal, pneumonia and COVID-19 patients. Deep learning approaches like VGG-16 and LSTM models were used to classify images as normal, pneumonia and COVID-19 impacted by extracting the features. It has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic peaks that large number of patients could not avail medical beds and were seen stranded outdoors. To address such health emergency situations with limited available bed and scarcity of expert physicians, computer-aided analysis could save precious lives through early screening and appropriate care. Such computer-based deep-learning strategy could help during future pandemics, especially when the available health resources and the need for preventive measures to take do not match the burden of a disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial species in hospitals becomes a global challenge for surgeons who treat healthcare-associated infections. This study aimed to identify the pathogens involved in surgical site infections (SSI) as well as the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the Nilgiris region. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted for three years, at Microbiology Laboratory, the Govt. Medical College Hospital, where the clinical samples were collected, cultured, and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Out of 513 pus samples (from SSI), 242 (47%) have shown positive microbial growth. These isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance using 20 antibiotics belonging to different groups. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be more prominent (69%), followed by Enterococcus species (14.5%) and Streptococcus species (10.3%). Other species like Proteus species, Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa account for less than 2%. These results clearly indicate that Staphylococcus aureus was the leading cause of surgical site infections. Among the antibiotics studied, Staphylococcus aureus was found to be more resistant to Penicillin G (84%) followed by Ampicillin (23%). The high rate of antibiotic resistance highlighted the need for an antibiotic policy that encourages more rational use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has encouraged new and amended materials (metal nanoparticles) for therapeutic applications with specific prominence in healthcare. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile nanoscale entities, widely used to diagnose and treat cancer. Evidence suggested that metal NPs can modulate the expression of various intracellular and extra-cellular signaling molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Metal nanoparticles possess anti-cancer activities via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, metal NPs inhibit tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation to stop cancer proliferation. Synergistic applications of metal NPs with existing anti-cancer agents showed improvement in their bioactivity and bioavailability. This review explores the synthetic approaches, pharmacokinetics, and the cellular and molecular interactions of metal NPs in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry is an important source of human protein so research was done to identify methods of improving the feed quality and overcoming the challenge of using this feed type. Poultry feed is commonly contaminated with certain organisms like fungi which produce a group of secondary metabolites called mycotoxins, which affect the quality of the feed. These mycotoxins are highly toxic even in a small concentration like ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin causing a wide range of disorders such as hepatic and kidney injury, etc. This review aims to provide an insight into this problem and the use of yeast and its derived products as a method to overcome these mycotoxins. In the literature, yeast is applied to poultry feed as it promotes the growth of broilers when added to the diet and enhances immunity by increasing the antibody titre and macrophages. It increases the size of immunity organs like the thymus gland and the spleen, improves gut immunity, and decreases the proportion of certain microorganisms like E. coli and Salmonella. Lachancea Thermotoleran is an example of a yeast strain that produces volatile organic compounds like 2-phenyl ethanol, which decreases the production of OTA by certain percentages according to the applied conditions. Therefore, the inclusion of yeast was applied as a promising feed additive to overcome mycotoxins in poultry diets because of its many benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Students sometimes participate in harmful activities that adversely influence their behaviors and well‐being throughout college, which is one of the sensitive phases in an individual's life. Aim: To assess the health‐related behaviors of university students. Methods: A cross‐sectional study that includes systematic randomly selected 383 students from various colleges of Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah Emirate, United Arab Emirates. A self‐reported questionnaire included students' demographic traits and behaviors, including safety, medication intake, cigarette smoking, nutrition, physical activity, and health‐related topics. Results: Most participants were females (69.7%), 13.3% were obese while 28.2% were overweight. The data revealed a significant difference between male and female students regarding medication intake without prescription, nutrition, physical activity, and health‐related topics. The data also revealed that the majority of the students were attempting to lose weight, and the former male smokers had fewer trials to quit the use of all tobacco products than females. Conclusion: More than a quarter of participants were overweight, and the majority of students did not adhere to the guidelines for safety and nutritious eating. This study recognized significant health promotion opportunities for university students that can be carried out to establish a healthier youth for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the world, traffic accidents cause major health problems and are of concern to health institutions; nearly 1.35 million people are killed or disabled in traffic accidents every year. In 2019, 93% of road traffic injury‐related mortality occurred in low‐ and middle‐income countries with an estimated burden of 1.3 million deaths. This issue is growing; by 2030, road traffic injuries will be the seventh leading cause of death globally. The present report highlights an overview of road traffic accidents, accidental injuries, and deaths, associated risk factors, important precautions, safety rules, and counteracting management strategies. In modern cultures, road accidents are a major source of death and serious injuries. Road traffic injuries are a substantial yet underserved public health issue around the world that requires immediate attention. To prevent accidents in the long term, it is essential to adopt conservative preventive measures that can minimize collisions and promote a safe road environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current century, the development of medicine and molecular biotechnology led to successful containment and even eradication of some human pathogens, especially in developed countries. However, some pathogens have evolved, resulting in the emergence of other infectious diseases in developed countries. Human socioeconomic activities and the advancement of technology and transportation have led to the quick movement of humans to different parts of the world. There is a significant concern that this movement enhances the distribution of pathogens, making it difficult to contain, as witnessed with the global spread of the 2009 influenza pandemic within only 3 months and the 2014 Ebola outbreak, which spread in various West African countries within 8 months. Natural products obtained from plant sources can be identified as the next-generation antibacterial and antiviral alternatives. In developed countries, 80% of the population depends on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare issues, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Relatedly, India is one of the highest producing countries for medicinal herbs. It is considered an international botanical garden. Therefore, the focus of this current review was on the importance of using plants to treat bacterial and viral diseases due to the many advantages of these plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Omicron (B.1.1.529), fifth variant of concern (VOC) of SARS‐CoV‐2, initially identified following a steep increase in COVID‐19 cases in Southern Africa in November 2021. It is a highly‐mutated variant and is more contagious as compared with the Delta variant, however less deadly. Due to its high transmission rate, it spreads dramatically, and causing huge surges worldwide. It causes "mild infection", with hospitalisations less likely to occur. However, this variant is known to show resistance to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) generated through vaccination and/or prior infection as well as to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used to treat COVID‐19 patients. In many countries, booster doses of vaccines have been recommended to increase the protective levels of antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Along with the implementation of appropriate prevention and control strategy measures, current efforts are also focussed on the development of better vaccines and mAbs to counter this variant. This review highlights the global health concerns and challenges posed by the Omicron variant and present an update on its sub‐lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is one of the highly lethal forms of cancer whose incidence has worldwide rapidly increased over the past few decades. About 80–85% of all lung cancer cases constitute non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma as the main subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to significant advances in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, significantly improving cancer patient survival rates. Methods and Results: The cytotoxic drugs in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies is a new method that aims to reduce the activation of immunosuppressive and cancer cell prosurvival responses while also improving direct cancer cell death. The most commonly utilized immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with non–small cell lung cancer are monoclonal antibodies (Atezolizumab, Cemiplimab, Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab etc.) against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Among them, Atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ) and Cemiplimab (Libtayo) are engineered monoclonal anti programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies that inhibit binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 and B7.1. As a result, T-cell proliferation and cytokine synthesis are inhibited leading to restoring the immune homeostasis to fight cancer cells. Conclusions: In this review article, the path leading to the introduction of immunotherapeutic options in lung cancer treatment is described, with analyzing the benefits and shortages of the current immunotherapeutic drugs. In addition, possibilities to co-administer immunotherapeutic agents with standard cancer treatment modalities are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about an increase in cases during the COVID-19 pandemic have been heightened by the emergence of a new Omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 that joined the previously reported BF.7 as a source of public health concern. COVID-19 cases have been on the rise intermittently throughout the ongoing pandemic, likely because of the continuous introduction of SARS-CoV-2 subtypes. The present study analyzed the Indian citizen's perceptions of the latest covid variants XBB.1.5 and BF.7 using the natural language processing technique, especially topic modeling and sentiment analysis. The tweets posted by Indian citizens regarding this issue were analyzed and used for this study. Government authorities, policymakers, and healthcare officials will be better able to implement the necessary policy effectively to tackle the XBB 1.5 and BF.7 crises if they are aware of the people's sentiments and concerns about the crisis. A total of 8,54,312 tweets have been used for this study. Our sentiment analysis study has revealed that out of those 8,54,312 tweets, the highest number of tweets (n = 3,19,512 tweets (37.3%)) about COVID variants XBB.1.5 and BF.7 had neutral sentiments, 3,16,951 tweets (37.1%) showed positive sentiments and 2,17,849 tweets (25.4%) had negative sentiments. Fear of the future and concerns about the immunity of the vaccines are of prime concerns to tackle the ongoing pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with comorbidities (i.e., Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, heart diseases) are more likely to develop a more severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus, they should take necessary precautions to avoid infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its emerging variants and subvariants by getting COVID-19 vaccination and booster doses. In this regard, we used text analytics techniques, specifically Natural Language Processing (NLP), to understand the perception of Twitter users having comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and heart diseases) towards the COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Understanding and identifying Twitter users’ perceptions and perspectives will help the members of medical fraternities, governments, and policymakers to frame and implement a suitable public health policy for promoting the uptake of booster shots by such vulnerable people. A total of 176,540 tweets were identified through the scrapping process to understand the perception of individuals with the mentioned comorbidities regarding the COVID-19 booster dose. From sentiment analysis, it was revealed that 57.6% out of 176,540 tweets expressed negative sentiments about the COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. The reasons for negative expressions have been found using the topic modeling approach (i.e., risk factors, fear of myocardial fibrosis, stroke, or death, and using vaccines as bio-weapons). Of note, enhancing the COVID-19 vaccination drive by administering its booster doses to more and more people is of paramount importance for rendering higher protective immunity under the current threats of recently emerging newer Omicron subvariants which are presently causing a rise in cases in a few countries, such as China and others, and might lead to a feasible new wave of the pandemic with the surge in cases at the global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin and soft tissue infections are brought on by invasion of microbes on the skin and underlying soft tissues (SSTIs). They appear in a series of shapes, causes the high level of severeness. Differentiating between SSTI situations that require prompt attention and surgical or medical intervention from those that don't is difficult. SSTIs are most prevalent in emergency rooms and affect 7% to 10% of hospitalised patients. SSTIs are characterised by inflammatory components as well as other symptoms including fever, quickly growing lesions, and bullae. The creation of a severity categorization approach to specify suitable empirical treatment would improve the management of SSTIs. Based on the patient's status knowledge of potential infections, an antibiotic medicine is chosen. Oral antibiotics are sufficient for simple mild-to-moderate infections; however, intravenous antibiotics are required for complicated severe infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]