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Organic acidurias (OAD) and urea‐cycle disorders (UCD) are rare inherited disorders affecting amino acid and protein metabolism. As dietary practice varies widely, we assessed their long‐term prescribed dietary treatment against published guideline and studied plasma amino acids levels. We analyzed data from the first visit recorded in the European registry and network for intoxication type metabolic diseases (E‐IMD, Chafea no. 2010 12 01). In total, 271 methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and propionic aciduria (PA) and 361 UCD patients were included. Median natural protein prescription was consistent with the recommended daily allowance (RDA), plasma L‐valine (57%), and L‐isoleucine (55%) levels in MMA and PA lay below reference ranges. Plasma levels were particularly low in patients who received amino acid mixtures (AAMs‐OAD) and L‐isoleucine:L‐leucine:L‐valine (BCAA) ratio was 1.0:3.0:3.2. In UCD patients, plasma L‐valine, L‐isoleucine, and L‐leucine levels lay below reference ranges in 18%, 30%, and 31%, respectively. In symptomatic UCD patients who received AAM‐UCD, the median natural protein prescription lay below RDA, while their L‐valine and L‐isoleucine levels and plasma BCAA ratios were comparable to those in patients who did not receive AAM‐UCD. Notably, in patients with ornithine transcarbamylase syndrome (OTC‐D), carbamylphosphate synthetase 1 syndrome (CPS1‐D) and hyperammonemia‐hyperornithinemia‐homocitrullinemia (HHH) syndrome selective L‐citrulline supplementation resulted in higher plasma L‐arginine levels than selective L‐arginine supplementation. In conclusion, while MMA and PA patients who received AAMs‐OAD had very low BCAA levels and disturbed plasma BCAA ratios, AAMs‐UCD seemed to help UCD patients obtain normal BCAA levels. In patients with OTC‐D, CPS1‐D, and HHH syndrome, selective L‐citrulline seemed preferable to selective L‐arginine supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of a benzoxazine (BZ) monomer inside the montmorillonite (MT) layers was done using a diamino-modified MT as the amine component, phenol, and formaldehyde. The formation of the BZ rings within the MT layers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, this being enhanced when dioxane was used as the solvent. The morphology of the hybrid BZ monomer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes [Co(DH)(Seu)(Se-Seu)]X · mSolv (DH is the dimethylglyoxime monoanion, Seu is selenourea, and X is [TiF], [ZrF]) were obtained from the system CoX · 6HO-DH-Seu in DMF-MeOH or MeOH-HO and examined by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Unexpectedly, the ligand Se-Seu (the oxidized form of selenourea) was detected on the axial coordinate, partially replacing selenourea. The complexes were formulated as [Co(DH)(Seu)(Se-Seu)][TiF] · HO ( I) and [Co(DH)(Seu)(Se-Seu)][ZrF] · 3HO ( II). The complex cations in I and II have trans-octahedral structures. Their crystal structures are made up of the complex Co cations and the outer-sphere MF anions (M = Ti(IV) ( I) and Zr(IV) ( II)) held together by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds; water of crystallization is also involved in hydrogen bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a method to prepare silica particles able to encapsulate 3 different hydrophobic dyes: Disperse Red, Solvent Red and 2-{4-[4-(Benzyl-ethyl-amino)-phenylazo]-benzenesulfonyl}-ethanol (HESA). Dye doped silica particles were prepared by the sol-gel process in aqueous medium, with a base catalyst, using various concentrations of a 'home made' surfactant (named NP-Si). The surfactant is the addition byproduct of -OH groups of polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether Tergitol NP-9 with -NCO groups from (3-isocyanatopropyl) triethoxysilane and was added to increase both the stabilization of the silica particles and the compatibility of the inorganic network versus the dopant (the aromatic dye). It was shown that there is an optimum range of the amount of surfactant which should be added in the sol-gel reaction system. If a higher amount of surfactant is used, it forms probably micelles which entrap the dye and prevent its encapsulation in the formed silica particles. Because the silica particles are designed to encapsulate systems containing aromatic derivatives (aromatic dyes) we used phenyltriethoxy silane and tetraethylorthosilicate as silica precursors. As coupling agent for the silica network we used a bis (trialkoxysilane) derivative-1,2-bis (triethoxy silyl) ethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A naturally occurring drimanic sesquiterpenic lactone, isodrimenin, was synthesized from drim-8-en-7-one ( 1). Compound 1 was converted to the known 11,12-dihydroxydrim-8-en-7-one, which was oxidized with PCC to give 7-oxoisodrimenin. The thioketal of the latter compound was reduced with nickel boride or Raney nickel to give the target isodrimenin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]