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This dataset originates from TeensLab, a consortium of Spanish Universities dedicated to behavioral research involving Spanish teenagers. The dataset contains data from 33 distinct educational institutions across Spain, accounting for a total of 5,890 students aged 10 to 23 (M = 14.10, SD = 1.94), representing various educational levels such as primary school, secondary school, sixth form and vocational training. The main dimensions covered in this dataset include (i) economic preferences, (ii) cognitive abilities and (iii) strategic thinking. Additionally, a range of supplementary variables is included alongside socio-demographic factors, capturing data on aspects like physical appearance, mood and expectations, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the national educational system negatively affects the recognition of indigenous Mapuce people, who have been affected with regards to love, equal treatment and social esteem, as understood from the social justice approach of recognition described by Axel Honneth. This is evident in the indigenous knowledge and practices that have been removed from the Chilean school curriculum. This research was carried out through a participatory study using the dialogic-kishu kimkelay ta che methodology, forming a research community with professors, kimces and academics. The results relay, from the voices of the community, the work developed to reverse injustices such as disparagement toward the indigenous language at school, this was achieved through actions for reciprocal recognition based on the incorporation of educational practices associated with the language regarding sonority, nature and territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stress is a major problem among students, threatening their health and well-being. The aim of the research is to analyze the sources of stress in students and to investigate whether there are gender differences and differences between university and non-university students in stress, coping styles, mental symptoms and well-being. A second aim is to know the relevance of age, education, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support on mental symptoms, psychological well-being and life satisfaction of boys and girls. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 1,426 students between the ages of 16 and 26. Results and discussion: The results of the ANOVAs showed that although there were some gender differences, being a university student or not explained more variance than gender. University students had more chronic stress than non-university students. However, they were more satisfied with their studies, had healthier coping styles, fewer mental symptoms, and greater well-being. For both genders, the main predictor of more mental symptoms was a higher emotional coping style. This was followed by lower self-esteem, a higher number of stressful life events, and higher chronic stress. Higher study dissatisfaction was associated with lower psychological well-being and lower life satisfaction. Higher chronic stress was associated with lower life satisfaction. It is concluded that stress and coping styles are relevant to students' mental health. The results of this study are relevant to the design of policies, strategies, and programs to improve students' mental health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are complex central sensitization syndromes that represent an important public health problem. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function with habitual intolerance to efforts are common characteristics of FM and CFS. This study aimed to examine the effect of a brief multicomponent intervention based on physical activity (PA), nutrition, and chronobiology on movement behaviors (PA, sedentary and sleep time), muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity. Methods: randomized controlled trial was conducted in primary healthcare in Catalonia. A total of 143 individuals with FM or FM and CFS concomitantly (age 50.8, SD 8.1; 94.4% women) were randomly allocated to the intervention (IG, n = 69) or control (CG, n = 74) groups. The IG participated in a brief multicomponent (PA, nutrition, and chronobiology) group-based intervention (4 sessions, 3 h/session) while the CG received usual primary care practice. Primary outcome measure was PA measured by the REGICOR-Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were sedentary (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sleep time (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), upper- and lower-body muscle strength (handgrip and sit-to-stand test, respectively), and aerobic capacity (6-min walk test). Data were collected at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Results: The IG showed positive differences at 3-month follow-up, with highly appreciably PA levels, less sedentary time, and significantly improved sleep time. Significant between-group differences were also observed at 3 months, with better health values in the IG: PA and sleep time (370.3 ± 307.0 vs. 195.9 ± 289.1 min/week and 6.1 ± 1.6 vs. 5.5 ± 1.8 h/night, respectively) and less sedentary time (266.2 ± 153.3 vs. 209.4 ± 199.9 min/day). The IG also showed higher upper limb strength and significant lower-body strength both between and within groups, as well as significantly improved cardiorespiratory capacity. Conclusion: The Synchronize + multicomponent program implemented at primary healthcare has shown short-term effectiveness in improving 24-h movement behaviors and health outcomes in individuals with FM, with or without CFS. This intervention may be a first step in educating and motivating people with FM and CFS to adopt an active lifestyle, leading to improved health. Long-term follow-up will determine whether the changes are maintained over time and their impact on quality of life and healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chest pain is one of the most difficult problems to solve after thoracic surgery. Its correct control is often quite difficult, which can cause complications due to an ineffective cough and superficial respiratory movements. Methods: This study has been designed with the purpose of studying the value of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) in the postoperative pain rehabilitation of thoracotomy. A prospective and randomized study has been developed. The patients (n = 109) have been treated after hospital discharge with physiotherapy for 3 weeks. Three groups have been established: experimental (n = 37), control (n = 35), and placebo (n = 37), experimental and placebo including the application of TENS during the physiotherapy protocol. Postoperative pain (McGill test) and spirometry have been studied before and after treatment. Results: The largest between-group discrepancy occurred between the experimental and control groups, 16.77 points (p < 0.001). Spirometry has shown an improvement in FVC (27.11%) and FEV1 (28.68%) (p < 0.001) in the experimental group, which was statistically significant compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The use of TENS, as an adjunctive treatment to physiotherapy, leads to an improvement in pain control and spirometry values in patients after thoracic surgery, without producing side effects with the technique. These findings provide physiological evidence for the use of TENS in post-pulmonary surgery and may form the basis for the development of pain managed-based programs in clinics and hospitals. Trial registration: NCT04964973 (ClinicalTrials.gov). First registration: July 16, 2021. Protocol: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Youth is a critical stage for developing healthy lifestyles, as the habits and behaviors formed during this period can persist into adulthood. Understanding the relationship between family factors and the lifestyles of university students can contribute to creating strategies to improve this important health determinant. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between social support, family dynamics, and lifestyles in young university students. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: A probability sample of 530 young university students was analyzed. The main measurements included social support, family dynamics, and lifestyles. Descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables was performed. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for bivariate analysis, and Student's t-test was used to analyze differences between male and female participants. Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. Results: For the total sample, a positive and moderate association was found between family dynamics (r = 0.28) and social support (r = 0.32) with the lifestyles of young individuals. Conclusions: Our results indicated that social support and family dynamics are possible protective factors that have a positive effect on the lifestyles of university students. The findings of this study highlight the importance of family and familial support in adopting healthy lifestyles among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Individualizing fluid resuscitation utilizing indicators that assess fluid tolerance could positively impact optimizing volemia while avoiding venous congestion in cardiac surgery. Our study aims to describe hemodynamic changes based on the assessment of venous congestion using transesophageal ultrasonography (TEUS), both before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with preserved right ventricle (RV) function. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, involving patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB. The study assessed ultrasonographic venous congestion parameters before and after CPB using TEUS. The measured parameters included the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC), the pattern of hepatic vein flow (HVF), and the pulsatility index of portal vein flow (PVF). Results: A total of 43 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2021 and January 2022 were enrolled. A significant difference in the IVC diameter was observed before and after initiation of CPB (p =.0001). Comparative measurements of the HVF pattern before and after CPB revealed a significant difference, indicating modifications in congestion patterns related to CPB initiation (p =.0001). Pre‐CPB, portal flow was normal in all patients, while more than 50% of patient showed altered post‐CPB PVF. A significant difference in the PVF pulsatility index related to CPB initiation was observed, suggesting increased portal venous congestion (p =.0001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that extracorporeal circulation can induce signs of venous congestion, which are detectable by TEUS, in patients with preserved RV function preoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the impacts of agroforestry systems (AS) and intercropping on the growth, yield, and seed quality of corn and beans in Brazil, a major global producer of these crops. Given the growing importance of sustainable agriculture, family farming, which greatly supports the nation's corn and bean output, holds a pivotal role. This research explores the efficacy of AS and intercropping in enhancing agricultural sustainability by examining plant growth parameters, yield components, and seed germination quality under varying conditions of full sun and shaded agroforestry environments. The study, conducted over two agricultural seasons using a randomized block design, compared the growth, yield, and seed quality of corn and bean cultivars grown both solo and intercropped, in full sun and AS settings. Measurements included growth indicators (height, leaf area, stem diameter), yield components (number of pods, grains per plant, production per plant), and seed quality parameters (germination rate, seed vigor). The findings indicate that AS improves plant growth characteristics despite a yield reduction due to decreased solar radiation by 59.9% and 60.0% for corn, and 49.7% and 63.4% for beans, in the 2021/22 and 2022/23 seasons, respectively. Although AS and intercropping increased the initial germination rate count in corn, they did not affect the final germination test outcomes. Similarly, the germination of BRS Paisano seeds remained unchanged under shaded conditions. These results underscore agroforestry and intercropping as sustainable agricultural practices capable of enhancing plant growth while maintaining productive yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen (N) residual effects of winter cover crops (CCs) on soil N availability and corn (Zea mays L.) performance over two growing seasons and at two sites in Uruguay. Both conventional and isotopic methods were used to assess the N residual effects of two legume monocultures, a legume–grass mixture, an oat monoculture, and a control without CCs. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots, where CCs were applied to main plots and N rates (0 and 100 kg ha⁻1) to subplots. An isotopic trial with 15N was included to measure fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE). Results varied between sites: at Site 1, legume monocultures enhanced soil N availability and, along with N rate, significantly increased corn yield and N uptake. At Site 2, only the N rate affected these variables. Site 1 had a low crop 15N recovery, averaging 9.5% due to weeds and heavy rainfall, while Site 2 showed higher recovery, notably when corn succeeded lupine (35%) and mixture CCs (40%). The soil's top layer and corn grain showed the highest 15N concentration. The study suggests that specific CC combinations tailored to site conditions may optimize corn yield and NUE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The care of dependent people is eminently family-oriented, and often, there is a high level of dedication to this family care. Constant and continuous care leads to a series of negative psychological consequences. Social support has been related to improved mental health in family caregivers. We found heterogeneous results regarding the relationship between the types of social support received and the perceived level of support. In addition, to our knowledge, no reviews analyse this relationship among family caregivers. Objectives: Therefore, we objective to systematically synthesise the relationships between perceived and received social support in informal caregivers. Methodology: We have carried out a quantitative systematic review with a meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO (id: CRD42023470047); the systematic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus, until November 2023. After the selection and review of the results, twelve studies were obtained, two of which were eliminated due to a high risk of classification bias. Results: Regarding the results, a medium-size positive statistical association was found (r = 0.43). The results were consistent, accurate, and robust. The Trim and Fill test showed a variation of 7%. Subgroup analysis indicated no differences in the age group of the people cared for (adults or children), selection bias, and confounding bias. Conclusions: In conclusions, perceived social support is related to more social support received by family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel fertilization strategies, such as the use of biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs) and the co-application of biochar with mineral fertilizers, have shown promising results for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and reducing N losses in agroecosystems. Two greenhouse experiments were performed with radish to evaluate: (1) the mitigation of yield-scaled N2O emissions using BBFs, produced at either 400 or 800 °C and enriched with urea, compared to the co-application of raw biochars with urea; and (2) the N2O mitigation potential of low rates of raw biochars, equivalent to those used with BBFs fertilization, co-applied with low and high N rates (90 and 180 kg N ha−1). BBF produced at 800 °C reduced yield-scaled N2O emissions by 32% as compared to the urea treatment, and by 60%, as compared to the combination of raw biochar with urea. This reduction was attributed to the slow rate of N release in BBF. On the contrary, the co-application of low rates of biochar with urea increased yield-scaled N2O emissions as compared to the fertilization with urea alone. Low rates of biochar (1.4–3.1 t ha−1) reduced yield-scaled N2O emissions only with a high rate of N fertilization. High-pyrolysis-temperature biochar, co-applied with synthetic fertilizer, or used to produce BBFs, demonstrated lower yield-scaled N2O emissions than biochar produced at a lower pyrolysis temperature. This study showed that BBFs are a promising fertilization strategy as compared to the co-application of biochar with synthetic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychedelic use has increased in the last decade. However, it is unclear whether the cultural background of the consumers exerts any influence. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of psychedelic use in Spain and Spanish-speaking populations in South America and compare these consumption patterns to understand the use of these substances in two culturally distinct populations. The Psychedelic Use Scale (PUS) was administered via the Google Surveys platform between September and November 2022. 735 participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The study received ethics approval from the local ethics committee. Psilocybin was the most used substance. MDMA was more frequently consumed in the Spanish population (78.5 vs. 37.1%), while mescaline was more commonly used among participants from South America (31.9 vs. 24.0%), mainly among males (P < 0.05). Among the Spanish population, MDMA was the most commonly combined psychedelic; for the South American population, LSD was the substance most frequently combined, highlighting the predominant recreational use of this substance. DMT predicted the most adverse effects during consumption, whereas MDMA predicted the most adverse effects after consumption. Age was as a risk factor for the development of adverse effects, with a significant increase in risk observed in individuals under 30 years of age (OR = 2.01, CI95% 1.1–3.6). In conclusion, the pattern of psychedelic substance use differed between both populations, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive studies. This is especially crucial in light of the social shifts stemming from the ongoing psychedelic renaissance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaining robust in situ estimates of the growth rate of marine fish larvae is essential for understanding processes controlling year-class success and developing sustainable management strategies to maintain good environmental status. We measured the growth rate of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae in the laboratory and compared it to the activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS). Larvae were reared under controlled conditions for 20 days at three temperatures (7, 12, and 17 °C) using different prey concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 2 prey·mL−1) of the copepod Acartia tonsa. The relationship between specific growth rates (SGR) and specific AARS activities was best described by a linear function—SGR = −0.1031 + 0.0017 · spAARS, r2 = 0.71, p < 0.05—when only larvae fed ad libitum were considered regardless of the temperature. When larvae fed with low concentrations of food were included in the analysis, the relationship was SGR = −0.0332 + 0.0010 · spAARS, r2 = 0.42, p < 0.05. This latter slope was rather low compared to other studies performed in zooplankton. We suggest protein degradation during the early life stages of fish as the cause of this low slope. We also studied SGR under food deprivation and the effect on specific AARS activities. We found rather high specific AARS activities in small individuals of early stages of fish, also suggesting protein degradation. Further research about protein degradation and turnover rates is needed in order to use AARS activity as a proxy for growth rates in field-caught larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the chemical abundance pattern of GS_3073, a galaxy hosting an overmassive active black hole at |$z=5.55$|⁠ , by leveraging observations from JWST/NIRSpec and Very Large Telescope/VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph. Based on the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines, which trace high-density (⁠|$\sim 10^5~{\rm cm^{-3}}$|⁠) and highly ionized gas, we derive |$\rm \log (N/O) = 0.42^{+0.13}_{-0.10}$|⁠. At an estimated metallicity of |$0.2~Z_{\odot }$|⁠ , this is the most extreme nitrogen-rich object found by JWST thus far. In comparison, the relative carbon abundance derived is |$\rm \log (C/O) = -0.38^{+0.13}_{-0.11}$|⁠ , which is not significantly higher than those in local galaxies and stars with similar metallicities. We also found potential detection of [Fe  vii ] |$\lambda 6087$| and [Fe  xiv ] |$\lambda 5303$|⁠ , both blended with [Ca  v ]. We inferred a range of Fe abundances compatible with those in local stars and galaxies. Overall, the chemical abundance pattern of GS_3073 is compatible with enrichment by supermassive stars with |$M_* \gtrsim 1000~M_\odot$|⁠ , asymptotic giant branch stars, or Wolf–Rayet stars. Interestingly, when using optical emission lines that trace lower density (⁠|$\sim 10^3~{\rm cm}^{-3}$|⁠) and lower ionization gas, we found a sub-solar N/O ratio, consistent with local galaxies at the same metallicity. We interpret the difference in N/O derived from UV lines and optical lines as evidence for a stratified system, where the inner and denser region is both more chemically enriched and more ionized. Our results suggest that nitrogen loudness in high- z galaxies might be confined to the central, dense, and highly ionized regions of the galaxies, while the bulk of the galaxies evolves more normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of next-generation sequencing in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) has considerably increased the identification of novel gene variants, many of which are identified in patients without the described clinical phenotype or with variants of uncertain pathogenic significance in previously described genes. Properly designed functional and cellular assays, many necessarily accomplished by research-based laboratories, reveal the pathogenic consequences of the gene variants and contribute to diagnosis. Activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) is a rare disease that can be divided into APDS1, caused by gain of function (GOF) mutations in PIK3CD gene, and APDS2, with loss of function (LOF) variants in the PIK3R1 gene. Both entities present hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway, which can be analyzed through Akt and S6 phosphorylation status. Methods: Our objective was to perform an accurate, robust, and reproducible functional assay to analyze the phosphorylation status of proteins in the PI3K-Akt-S6 pathway by flow cytometry, to contribute to diagnosis, to monitor treatments, and to establish intra-assay standardization. Results: We illustrate the robustness and reproducibility of our experimental procedure in patients with APDS who had high Akt and/or S6 phosphorylation levels at baseline, and after anti-IgM stimulation in B cells. We show the relevance of an appropriate cohort of samples from healthy donors, processed within the same conditions as the suspected samples, in particular the time frame for sample processing once blood is collected. Discussion: We highlight the importance of B cell stimulation through B cell receptor signaling, which is highly recommended, especially for samples that would be processed more than 24 hours after blood extraction. Also, having a defined experimental procedure is important, including the cytometer setup, which allows cytometer reproducibility for a period of time, enabling the comparison of a sample at different times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Betalains, which contain nitrogen and are water soluble, are the pigments responsible for many traits of plants and biological activities in different organisms that do not produce them. To better annotate and identify betalains using a spectral library and fingerprint, a database catalog of 140 known betalains (112 betacyanins and 28 betaxanthins) was made in this work to simplify betalain identification in mass spectrometry analysis. Fragmented peaks obtained using MassFrontier, along with chemical structures and protonated precursor ions for each betalain, were added to the database. Product ions made in MS/MS and multistage MS analyses of betanin, beetroot extract, and red pitaya extract revealed the fingerprint of betalains, distinctive ions of betacyanin, betacyanin derivatives such as decarboxylated and dehydrogenated betacyanins, and betaxanthins. A distinctive ion with m/z 211.07 was found in betaxanthins. By using the fingerprint of betalains in the analysis of red pitaya extracts, the catalog of betalains in red pitaya was expanded to 86 (31 betacyanins, 36 betacyanin derivatives, and 19 betaxanthins). Four unknown betalains were detected to have the fingerprint of betalains, but further research will aid in revealing the complete structure. Taken together, we envisage that the further use of the fingerprint of betalains will increase the annotation coverage of identified molecules in studies related to revealing the biological function of betalains or making technologies based on these natural colorants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease associated with chronic debilitating pain, poor mental health and quality of life. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions aimed at improving the pain, quality of life and mental health of women with endometriosis. Methods: A systematic review (SR) of the literature with meta-analysis (MA) was carried out. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL were searched to locate Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). The risk of bias assessment of each study was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RoB 2.0 tool. Results: Seven RCTs were included (N = 757). The data obtained suggest that psychological interventions reduce dyspareunia [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.54, 95% CI: −0.86, −0.22] and dyschezia [mean difference (MD): -2.90, 95% CI: −4.55, −1.26] and increase mental health levels (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0. 42, 0.99); they also point to a large reduction in levels of trait anxiety (MD: -6.63, 95% CI: −8.27, −4.99) and depression (MD: -2.49, 95% CI: −3.20, −1.79), and a likely reduction in state anxiety (MD: -9.72, 95% CI: −13.11, −6.33) experienced by women with endometriosis. It was also identified that psychological interventions probably slightly reduce pelvic pain and may increase physical health. However, most of the included studies have a high overall risk of bias or have certain concerns, which limit conclusions about the certainty of the evidence. Discussion: The available evidence indicates that psychological interventions are effective in improving the pain, quality of life and mental health variables of women with endometriosis. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42024516100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Mentha piperita essential oil on state and trait anxiety. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 93 participants were divided into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG), with 47 participants in the EG receiving MPEO aromatherapy and 46 in the CG. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at pretest and posttest phases. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that menthol had the highest concentration (42.56%), followed by menthone (19.24%) and linalool (11.68%). Mixed model analysis revealed that group assignment (EG vs. CG) was a significant predictor of posttest state anxiety (F=16.508, p=0.001) and trait anxiety (F=9.091, p=0.003), independent of pretest scores, supporting the intervention's effect on reducing anxiety. Posttest results showed a significant reduction in state anxiety in the EG compared to the CG (p=0.001) with a large effect size (r=0.508), while trait anxiety showed a moderate reduction (p=0.001, r=0.342). Conclusion: These findings suggest that Mentha piperita essential oil may effectively reduce state and trait anxiety, with a more pronounced impact on state anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a widely used industrial chemical, was reported to induce memory and learning process dysfunction. Some studies tried to reveal the mechanisms that mediate these effects, but how they are produced is still unknown. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) maintain cognitive function and their selective neurodegeneration induces cognitive decline, as observed in Alzheimer's disease. PFOS was reported to disrupt cholinergic and glutamatergic transmissions and thyroid hormone action, which regulate cognitive processes and maintain BFCN viability. Objective/Methods: To evaluate PFOS neurodegenerative effects on BFCN and the mechanisms that mediate them, SN56 cells (a neuroblastoma cholinergic cell line from the basal forebrain) were treated with PFOS (0.1 µM to 40 µM) with or without thyroxine (T3; 15 nM), MK-801 (20 µM) or acetylcholine (ACh; 10 µM). Results: In the present study, we found that PFOS treatment (1 or 14 days) decreased thyroid receptor α (TRα) activity by decreasing its protein levels and increased T3 metabolism through increased deiodinase 3 (D3) levels. Further, we observed that PFOS treatment disrupted cholinergic transmission by decreasing ACh content through decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and protein levels and through decreasing muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R) binding and protein levels. PFOS also disrupted glutamatergic transmission by decreasing glutamate content through increased glutaminase activity and protein levels and through decreasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1); effects mediated through M1R disruption. All these effects were mediated through decreased T3 activity and T3 supplementation partially restored to the normal state. Conclusions: These findings may assist in understanding how PFOS induces neurodegeneration, and the mechanisms involved, especially in BFCN, to explain the process that could lead to cognitive dysfunction and provide new therapeutic tools to treat and prevent its neurotoxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of biochar with mineral fertilization has attracted attention as a strategy to reduce N losses and enhance nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, we investigated the coapplication of biochar with two optimized fertilization strategies based on split urea and a microbial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense) in a commercial pointed white cabbage crop. Additionally, we evaluated a third optimized N fertilization alternative, a biochar‐based fertilizer (BBF) enriched in plant‐available N, which was developed from the same biochar. We assessed environmental impacts such as greenhouse gasses (GHG) and NH3 emissions, yield‐scaled N2O emissions, and global warming potential (GWP). Additionally, we evaluated agronomical outcomes such as crop yield, plant N, and chlorophyll concentration. Moreover, we examined the N‐fixing gene's total and relative abundance (nifH and nifH/16S). Biochar and BBF exhibited similar crop yield, GHG, and NH3 emissions compared to split applications of the synthetic fertilizer. The main difference was associated with the higher soil C sequestration in biochar and BBF treatments that reduced the associated GWP of these fertilization strategies. Finally, biochar favored the activity of the N‐fixing bacteria spread, compared to the sole application of bacteria and BBF demonstrated a promoting effect in the soil's total abundance of natural N‐fixing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is essential for food security, providing economic benefits in tropical and subtropical regions. However, its high water requirements pose challenges, especially in water-scarce areas like Cape Verde. This study hypothesises that reclaimed water (RW) irrigation can promote papaya production and investigates how water can be managed to ensure sustainability and increase agricultural productivity. An experiment was conducted using Carica papaya L. var Solo-nº8, focusing on subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with RW. Three irrigation treatments were compared, namely, T1: RW with SDI; T2: RW with drip irrigation (DI); and T3: conventional water (CW) with SDI. The study evaluated crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE) over 13 months, monitoring soil and water quality and papaya growth and yields. Despite quality concerns, RW maintained soil fertility and ensured sustainable reuse. Papaya demonstrated high adaptability and productivity under experimental conditions. T1 significantly increased the cumulative fruit yield (69 t/ha) compared to T2 (65 t/ha) and T3 (62.7 t/ha). T1 also had the highest WUE (5.97 kg/m3), demonstrating the effectiveness of RW and SDI in optimising water use. The results indicate that RW can be a viable alternative to conventional water sources, providing new insights into sustainable agricultural practices and improving food security in arid and semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: hypochloremia is an emerging risk factor for mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this finding are not very clear. Some studies suggest the influence of inflammation as a synergistic factor, so we set out to analyse the association of a novel C-reactive protein-to-serum chloride ratio (CRP/Cl−) with the prognosis of maintenance haemodialysis patients and to assess its relationship with fluid status and body composition measured by bioimpedance. Materials and Methods: the present work is a retrospective cohort study of maintenance haemodialysis patients from our chronic outpatient haemodialysis programme between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. (n = 281). Survival time was collected for all patients and analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate survival probabilities. Variables included in the model were selected using a stepwise selection procedure based on the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), which balances model fit and complexity. Results: during a median follow-up of 306 days, 34 patients died. Patients in the fourth quartile of the CRP/Cl− (>0.118 mg/mEq) had higher overall mortality (log-rank test, p = 0.0011). In the Cox multivariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with higher mortality were higher modified Charlson index (MCI), lower body surface area (BSA), lower interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), and higher CRP/Cl− ratio. The latter variable was independently associated with higher overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.027; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000–1.055 p = 0.0469). Conclusions: Higher CRP/Cl− ratio values were associated with higher all-cause mortality in our maintenance haemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. We used the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (DR2) photometry in 12 optical bands over 2176 deg2 to estimate the fraction of white dwarfs with the presence of Ca II H+K absorption along the cooling sequence. Methods. We compared the J-PLUS photometry against metal-free theoretical models to estimate the equivalent width in the J0395 passband of 10 nm centered at 395 nm (EWJ0395), a proxy to detect calcium absorption. A total of 4399 white dwarfs with effective temperatures within 30 000 > Teff > 5500 K and masses of M > 0.45 M⊙ were analyzed. Their EWJ0395 distribution was modeled using two populations, corresponding to polluted and non-polluted systems, to estimate the fraction of calcium white dwarfs (fCa) as a function of Teff. The probability of each individual white dwarf presenting calcium absorption, pCa, was also computed. Results. The comparison of EWJ0395 with both the measured Ca/He abundance and the identification of metal pollution from spectroscopy shows that EWJ0395 correlates with the presence of Ca II H+K absorption. The fraction of calcium white dwarfs changes along the cooling sequence, increasing from fCa ≈ 0 at Teff = 13 500 K to fCa ≈ 0.15 at Teff = 5500 K. This trend reflects the selection function of calcium white dwarfs in the optical. We compare our results with the fractions derived from the 40 pc spectroscopic sample and from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra. The trend found in J-PLUS observations is also present in the 40 pc sample; however, SDSS shows a deficit of metal-polluted objects at Teff < 12 000 K. Finally, we found 39 white dwarfs with pCa > 0.99. Twenty of them have spectra presented in previous studies, whereas we obtained follow-up spectroscopic observations for six additional targets. These 26 objects were all confirmed as metal-polluted systems. Conclusions. The J-PLUS optical data provide a robust statistical measurement for the presence of Ca II H+K absorption in white dwarfs. We find a 15 ± 3% increase in the fraction of calcium white dwarfs from Teff = 13 500 K to 5500 K, which reflects their selection function in the optical from the total population of metal-polluted systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present JWST Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) observations in integral field spectroscopic (IFS) mode of the galaxy GS5001 at redshift z = 3.47, the central member of a candidate protocluster in the GOODS-S field. The data cover a field of view (FoV) of 4″ × 4″ (∼30 × 30 kpc2) and were obtained as part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) GTO programme. The observations include both high (R ∼ 2700) and low (R ∼ 100) spectral resolution data, spanning the rest-frame wavelength ranges 3700–6780 Å and 1300–11850 Å, respectively. These observations enable the detection and mapping of the main optical emission lines from [O II]λλ3726, 29 to [S III]λ9531. We analysed the spatially resolved ionised gas kinematics and interstellar medium properties, including obscuration, gas metallicity, excitation, ionisation parameter, and electron density. In addition to the main galaxy (GS5001), the NIRSpec FoV covers a close companion in the south, with three sub-structures with velocities blueshifted by ∼ − 150 km s−1 with respect to GS5001, and another source in the north redshifted by ∼200 km s−1. Optical line ratio diagnostics indicate star formation ionisation and electron densities of ∼500 cm−3 across all sources in the FoV. The gas-phase metallicity in the main galaxy is 12+log(O/H) = 8.45 ± 0.04, and slightly lower in the companions (12+log(O/H)  =  8.34 − 8.42), consistent with the mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 3. We find peculiar line ratios (high log[N II]/Hα = [−0.45, −0.3], low log[O III]/Hβ = [0.06, 0.10]) in the northern part of GS5001. These could be attributed to either higher metallicity, or to shocks resulting from the interaction of the main galaxy with the northern source. We identify a spatially resolved outflow in the main galaxy, traced by a broad symmetric component in Hα and [O III], with an extension of about 3 kpc. We find maximum outflow velocities of ∼400 km s−1, an outflow mass of (1.7 ± 0.4)×108 M⊙, a mass outflow rate of 23 ± 5 M⊙ yr−1, and a mass loading factor of 0.23. These properties are compatible with star formation being the driver of the outflow. Our analysis of these JWST NIRSpec IFS data therefore provides valuable, unprecedented insights into the interplay between star formation, galactic outflows, and interactions in the core of a z ∼ 3.5 candidate protocluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. With its 12 optical filters, the Javalambre-Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) provides an unprecedented multicolor view of the local Universe. The third data release (DR3) covers 3192 deg2 and contains 47.4 million objects. However, the classification algorithms currently implemented in the J-PLUS pipeline are deterministic and based solely on the morphology of the sources. Aims. Our goal is to classify the sources identified in the J-PLUS DR3 images as stars, quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), or galaxies. For this task, we present BANNJOS, a machine learning pipeline that utilizes Bayesian neural networks to provide the full probability distribution function (PDF) of the classification. Methods. BANNJOS has been trained on photometric, astrometric, and morphological data from J-PLUS DR3, Gaia DR3, and CatWISE2020, using over 1.2 million objects with spectroscopic classification from SDSS DR18, LAMOST DR9, the DESI Early Data Release, and Gaia DR3. Results were validated on a test set of about 1.4 × 105 objects and cross-checked against theoretical model predictions. Results. BANNJOS outperforms all previous classifiers in terms of accuracy, precision, and completeness across the entire magnitude range. It delivers over 95% accuracy for objects brighter than r = 21.5 mag and ~ 90% accuracy for those up to r = 22 mag, where J-PLUS completeness is ≲ 25%. BANNJOS is also the first object classifier to provide the full PDF of the classification, enabling precise object selection for high purity or completeness, and for identifying objects with complex features, such as active galactic nuclei with resolved host galaxies. Conclusions. BANNJOS effectively classified J-PLUS sources into around 20 million galaxies, one million QSOs, and 26 million stars, with full PDFs for each, which allow for later refinement of the sample. The upcoming J-PAS survey, with its 56 color bands, will further enhance BANNJOS's ability to detail the nature of each source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a typical undergraduate biology curriculum, students do not dive into research until they first wade through large amounts of content. Biology courses in the first few years of the college curriculum tend to be lecture‐based and exam‐based courses. As a result, science students are mainly exposed to content knowledge—not the skills scientists practice daily. While students may practice manual techniques in lab sections of lecture courses, the higher‐level analytical research skills are reserved for the final semesters of college. To address this issue, we created an undergraduate cell biology course centered around practicing research skills, and fully accessible to students with no prerequisite content knowledge. In our course, students read primary literature (no textbooks) and were assessed by writing 12 analytical response papers and a full research proposal (no exams). Each student chose a topic for their semester‐long project, conducted a literature review, and proposed future experiments—all in a stepwise fashion with plentiful feedback. The students' thorough comprehension of the primary literature, along with successful completion of the research proposals, shows that the course achieved its goals of building these skills—even in the nonbiology majors taking this pilot course. Pre‐ and post‐survey results demonstrate that students gained feelings of confidence and preparedness for future research experiences. We envision a future model in which such a skills‐based course replaces a more traditional cell biology course, giving students the opportunity to practice high‐level analytical research skills from very early on in the undergraduate biology curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haliotis tuberculata coccinea is a candidate of growing interest to diversify aquaculture in the Canary Islands, principally based on fish production, to improve aquaculture development opportunities. The economic viability of commercial abalone farming depends largely on the rearing system employed and the feeding sources employed during the grow-out culture period. We studied the effects of two land-based culture systems on the growth performance of abalone and the nutritional quality of their tissues, in a crossed design. Recirculated (RAS) and open flow (FLOW) culture systems were compared. Fresh macro algae (FMA) (Gracilaria cornea and Ulva rigida) were compared to manufactured compound feed (CF) and a mixture of both (MIX). Survival rates were high (97–100%) regardless the treatments tested. MIX and FMA diets produced the best results for Shell Growth Rate, Specific growth rates for shell growth (SGRsl) and weight (SGRw) as well as Food Conversion Ratio (FCR). The highest value for feed intake was recorded for the MIX diet. A positive relationship has been observed between the amounts of protein and lipids in diets and the disposition of these in the viscera of animals fed such diets. The rearing system used had no significant effect on growth and nutritional parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Settlement induction potential of two red algae, Sahlingia subintegra and Rhodosorus marinus, and one green macroalgae, Ulvella leptochaete was examined to identify potential alternative algal species to improve reliability and reproducibility of Haliotis tuberculata sp. settlement. CCA was used as a positive control. Settlement rates, post-larval survival and growth of Haliotis tuberculata sp. were evaluated for different algal species tested. Results showed that Sahlingia subintegra induced significantly higher settlement rates (58.17 ± 12.71%) compared to CCA, Ulvella leptochaete and Rhodosorus marinus. In all treatments, post-larvae were weekly fed a mix of diatoms (Amphora sp., and Navicula incerta). At four weeks post settlement, post-larval survival rates were significantly higher on CCA and Sahlingia subintegra substrates compared to the other two algal species tested. However, at four and five weeks post settlement there were no significant differences in post-larval shell length and growth rates between CCA and Sahlingia subintegra substrates. These findings suggest that Sahlingia subintegra could be a promising alternative red macroalgae providing settlement cue for abalone hatchery stages, particularly for Haliotis tuberculata sp. and could contribute to improve abalone breeding techniques through the selection of alternative settlement substrates that could be easily managed in abalone farms environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the HanleRT Tenerife Inversion Code to the spectropolarimetric observations obtained by the Chromospheric Layer Spectropolarimeter. This suborbital space experiment measured the variation with wavelength of the four Stokes parameters in the near-ultraviolet spectral region of the Mg ii h and k lines over a solar disk area containing part of an active region plage and the edge of a sunspot penumbra. We infer the stratification of the temperature, the electron density, the line-of-sight velocity, the microturbulent velocity, and the longitudinal component of the magnetic field from the observed intensity and circular polarization profiles. The inferred model atmosphere shows larger temperature and electron density in the plage and the superpenumbra regions than in the quiet regions. The shape of the plage region in terms of its brightness is similar to the pattern of the inferred longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the chromosphere, as well as to that of the overlying moss observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly in the 171 Å band, which suggests a similar magnetic origin for the heating in both the plage and the moss region. Moreover, this heating is particularly significant in the regions with larger inferred magnetic flux. In contrast, in the superpenumbra, the regions with larger electron density and temperature are usually found in between these regions with larger magnetic flux, suggesting that the details of the heating mechanism in the chromosphere of the superpenumbra may be different from those in the plage, but with the magnetic field still playing a key role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global warming, rising air temperatures are increasing evapotranspiration ( ET c ) in all agricultural crops, including rice, a staple food worldwide. Simultaneously, the occurrence of droughts is reducing water availability, affecting traditional irrigation methods for rice cultivation (flood irrigation). The objective of this study was to determine ET c (water use) and yield performance in rice crop under different irrigation regimes: treatments with continuous flood irrigation (CF) and irrigations with alternating wetting and drying ( A W D 5 , A W D 10 , and A W D 20 ) in an experimental area in INIA–Vista Florida. Water balance, rice physiological data, and yield were measured in the field, and local weather data and thermal and multispectral images were collected with a meteorological station and a UAV (a total of 13 flights). ET c values obtained by applying the METRICTM (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration) energy balance model ranged from 2.4 to 8.9 mm d−1 for the AWD and CF irrigation regimes. In addition, ET c was estimated by a water balance using the AquaCrop model, previously parameterized with RGB image data and field weather data, soil, irrigation water, and crops, obtaining values between 4.3 and 7.1 mm d−1 for the AWD and CF irrigation regimes. The results indicated that AWD irrigation allows for water savings of 27 to 28%, although it entails a yield reduction of from 2 to 15%, which translates into an increase in water use efficiency (WUE) of from 18 to 36%, allowing for optimizing water use and improving irrigation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the synthesis and application of glycerol carbonate (GC) as an emulsifier for light crude oil. GC was synthesized from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate via transesterification, achieving a 90% yield. Characterization through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR confirmed its structure. The emulsification properties of GC were tested by mixing it with light crude oil and water, demonstrating effective emulsification and forming stable emulsions. Stability tests with GC concentrations of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 revealed that emulsions remained stable for over 24 h. A particle size analysis indicated that higher GC concentrations produced smaller droplet sizes, enhancing the emulsification efficiency. This study highlights the potential applications of GC in oil spill remediation and enhanced oil recovery, emphasizing its biodegradability and low toxicity as environmental benefits. Overall, GC is presented as an effective and eco-friendly emulsifier for light crude oil, offering stable emulsions and promising industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Observation of 2D cell migration is integral to understanding fundamental biological phenomena and disease progression. However, migratory dynamic analysis is often reliant on computational tools that vary in accessibility and data resolution. Therefore, we aim to improve the throughput and accessibility of analysis by considering alternative 2D migration assays in combination with a machine learning-based segmentation model and computational ImageJ tracking plugin to track cell-specific migratory dynamics. Altering the barrier materials and shapes of cell exclusion zone assays, we found that room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone rubber detached unpredictably, and circular barriers covered less than 87% of the true punch area. A pilot test indicated no significant difference in directed migration, directed migration ratio, mean instantaneous speed, and track displacement between a traditional scratch and polydimethylsiloxane wounding, signifying comparable migratory dynamics. We demonstrate a method capable of identifying, tracking, and analyzing 2D migration dynamics, which enhances access to high-resolution data and computational tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of Entre Herman@s, a novel sibling-based intervention designed to engage siblings to increase PrEP utilization among Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM). Siblings were trained in rudimentary motivational interviewing skills to uncover, evoke, and strengthen their brother's motivation to use PrEP, using the constructs of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model for health behavior change. This pilot demonstrated high feasibility, meeting recruitment, retention, and intervention completion targets. Of the 23 LMSM enrolled, 16 (70%) commenced PrEP, with 12 (75%) continuing at the 3-month follow-up. Initially, 15 participants (65%) were open to PrEP, with 9 (39%) ready to start within the next month. Those who began PrEP use reported a significantly higher degree of closeness to their siblings (p =.019) than those who did not. All LMSMs affirmed that their decision to use PrEP was influenced to some degree by their sibling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drosophila suzukii is a pest of global concern due to its great impact on several crops. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae was highly virulent to the larvae of the fly although some immune mechanisms were triggered along the infection course. Thus, to understand the gene activation profile we performed a comparative transcriptome of D. suzukii larvae infected with S. carpocapsae and Xenorhabdus nematophila to map the differentially expressed genes involved in the defence response. The analysis exposed the induction of genes involved in the humoral response such as the antimicrobial peptides and pattern-recognition receptors while there was a suppression of the cellular defence. Besides, genes involved in melanisation, and clot formation were downregulated hindering the encapsulation response and wound healing. After the infection, larvae were in a stress condition with an enrichment of metabolic and transport functionalities. Concerning the stress response, we observed variations of the heat-shock proteins, detoxification, and peroxidase enzymes. These findings set a genetical comprehensive knowledge of the host-pathogen relation of D. suzukii challenged with S. carpocapsae which could support further comparative studies with entomopathogenic nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present rest-frame optical data of the |$z\sim 4$| submillimetre galaxy GN20 obtained with the JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in integral field spectroscopy mode. The H |$\alpha$| emission is asymmetric and clumpy and extends over a projected distance of >15 kpc. To first order, the large-scale ionized gas kinematics are consistent with a turbulent (⁠|$\sigma \sim 90$| km s |$^{-1}$|⁠), rotating disc (⁠|$v_{\rm rot}\sim 500$| km s |$^{-1}$|⁠), congruent with previous studies of its molecular and ionized gas kinematics. However, we also find clear evidence for non-circular motions in the H |$\alpha$| kinematics. We discuss their possible connection with various scenarios, such as external perturbations, accretion, or radial flows. In the centre of GN20, we find broad-line emission (full width at half-maximum |$\sim 1000{-}2000$| km s |$^{-1}$|⁠) in the H |$\alpha$|  + [N  ii ] complex, suggestive of fast, active galactic nucleus-driven winds or, alternatively, of the broad-line region of an active black hole. Elevated values of [N  ii ]  |$\lambda 6583$| /H |$\alpha \ \gt\ 0.4$| and of the Hα equivalent width EW(H |$\alpha)\ \gt\ 6$| Å throughout large parts of GN20 suggest that feedback from the active black hole is able to photoionize the interstellar medium. Our data corroborate that GN20 offers a unique opportunity to observe key processes in the evolution of the most massive present-day galaxies acting in concert, over 12 billion years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Arp 220 is the nearest ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. It shows evidence of 100 pc scale molecular outflows that are likely connected with galaxy-scale outflows traced by ionised and neutral gas. The two highly obscured nuclei of Arp 220 are sites of intense star formation, with extreme (far-infrared based) star formation rate surface densities, ΣSFR ≳ 103 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. Despite extensive investigations that searched for active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the Arp 220 nuclei, direct evidence remains elusive. Aims. We present JWST/NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations covering the 0.9 − 5.1 μm wavelength range of the innermost (5″ × 4″, i.e. 1.8 × 1.5 kpc) regions of Arp 220. The primary goal is to investigate the potential presence of AGN signatures in the nuclear regions by analysing the spectra extracted from circular apertures with a radius of 55 pc (0.15″) around each of the two nuclei. Methods. The analysis aims to identify highly ionised gas emission lines (with ionisation potential > 54 eV) and other spectral features indicative of AGN activity. Atomic and molecular gas kinematics were also taken into account to study the outflow signatures at < 60 pc scales. Results. We identify ∼70 atomic and ∼50 molecular emission lines in the nuclear spectra of Arp 220. We used recombination line ratios to measure optical extinctions in the range AV ∼ 11 − 14 mag. High-ionisation lines are not detected, except for the [Mg IV] line at 4.49 μm, which we interpret as due to shocks rather than to AGN ionisation. We identify broadening and multiple kinematic components in the H I and H2 lines caused by outflows and shocks, with velocities up to ∼550 km s−1. Significantly higher velocities (up to ∼900 km s−1) are detected in the off-nuclear regions, but they do not conclusively represent direct evidence for AGN activity. Broad-line region components are not detected in any permitted emission line within the NIRSpec wavelength range. Conclusions. Even with the unprecedented sensitivity of JWST/NIRSpec IFS, achieving an unambiguous identification or exclusion of the presence of an AGN in the Arp 220 system remains challenging because of its extreme dust obscuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mg II k resonance line is commonly used for diagnosing the solar chromosphere. We theoretically investigated its intensity and polarization in solar prominences, taking 3D radiative transfer and Hanle and Zeeman effects into account. We used an optically thick 3D model representative of a solar prominence and applied several inversion methods to the synthetic Stokes profiles, clarifying their pros and cons for inferring prominence magnetic fields. We conclude that the self-consistent 3D inversion with radiative transfer is necessary to determine the magnetic field vector, although its geometry cannot be inferred with full fidelity. We also demonstrate that more traditional methods, such as those based on the weak field approximation or the constant-property slab assumption, can offer useful information under certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the described activity is to develop technologies or proposals that can be implemented within the cycle to enhance the relationship between climate change, water, energy, and food. The focus is on analyzing natural treatment systems for wastewater (NTSW) within the context of Macaronesia, considering factors such as life-cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprint, impacts, and mitigation capacity. The analysis of real case data from the Canary Islands and Cape Verde will inform the development of appropriate technologies tailored to different areas and scales within Macaronesia. This work includes a comprehensive life-cycle analysis of the Santa Catarina (Cape Verde) NTSW. This analysis encompasses: (a) Inventory analysis of the construction phase: This involves the assessment of inputs and outputs associated with the construction of the NTSW, including materials, energy consumption, transportation, and waste generation. The maintenance and operation phases are then evaluated, with a focus on the ongoing maintenance and operation activities required for the NTSW, including energy consumption, water usage, chemical inputs (if any), labor, and equipment maintenance. (b) Finally, the impacts of the NTSW are evaluated. The environmental, social, and economic impacts generated by the NTSW are assessed. This includes an analysis of factors such as carbon emissions, water usage, land use, ecosystem impacts, human health effects, and economic costs. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the Santa Catarina NTSW, the document aims to provide insights into the environmental performance and sustainability of the system. This information can then be used as a tool and experience of educational innovation for final-year undergraduate students to identify areas for improvement, develop mitigation strategies in the water sector, and inform decision-making processes regarding wastewater treatment technologies in Macaronesia. Furthermore, lessons learned from real case studies in the Canary Islands and Cape Verde can be applied to similar regions within the Macaronesia archipelago (IDIWATER project). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present JWST/NIRSpec integral-field spectroscopy observations of the z |$\sim$| 9.11 lensed galaxy MACS1149-JD1, as part of the GA-NIFS programme. The data were obtained with both the G395H grating (R |$\sim$| 2700) and the prism (R |$\sim$| 100). This target shows a main elongated UV-bright clump and a secondary component detected in continuum emission at a projected distance of 2 kpc. The R2700 data trace the ionized-gas morpho-kinematics in between the two components, showing an elongated emission mainly traced by [O  iii ]  |$\lambda$| 5007. We spatially resolve [O  ii ]  |$\lambda \lambda $| 3726,3729, [O  iii ]  |$\lambda \lambda$| 4959,5007, and [O  iii ]  |$\lambda$| 4363, which enable us to map the electron density (n |$_{\rm e} \sim 1.0 \times 10^3$|  cm |$^{-3}$|⁠), temperature (T |$_{\rm e} \sim 1.6 \times 10^4$|  K), and direct-method gas-phase metallicity (−1.2 to −0.7 dex solar). A spatially resolved full-spectrum modelling of the prism indicates a north-south gas metallicity and stellar age gradient between the two components. We found 3 |$\sigma$| evidence of a spatially resolved anticorrelation of the gas-phase metallicity and the star formation rate density, which is likely driven by gas inflows, enhancing the star formation in JD1. We employ high-z sensitive diagnostic diagrams to rule out the presence of a strong AGN in the main component. These findings show the unambiguous presence of two distinct stellar populations, with the majority of the mass ascribed to an old star formation burst, as suggested by previous works. We disfavour the possibility of a rotating-disc nature for MACS1149-JD1; we favour a merger event that has led to a recent burst of star formation in two separate regions, as supported by high values of [O  iii ]  |$\lambda$| 5007/ |$\mathrm{H}\,\beta$|⁠ , ionized gas velocity dispersion, and gas-phase metallicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a hierarchical Bayesian pipeline, BP3M, that measures positions, parallaxes, and proper motions (PMs) for cross-matched sources between Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and Gaia—even for sparse fields (N * < 10 per image)—expanding from the recent GaiaHub tool. This technique uses Gaia-measured astrometry as priors to predict the locations of sources in HST images, and is therefore able to put the HST images onto a global reference frame without the use of background galaxies/QSOs. Testing our publicly available code in the Fornax and Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxies, we measure PMs that are a median of 8–13 times more precise than Gaia DR3 alone for 20.5 < G < 21 mag. We are able to explore the effect of observation strategies on BP3M astrometry using synthetic data, finding an optimal strategy to improve parallax and position precision at no cost to the PM uncertainty. Using 1619 HST images in the sparse COSMOS field (median nine Gaia sources per HST image), we measure BP3M PMs for 2640 unique sources in the 16 < G < 21.5 mag range, 25% of which have no Gaia PMs; the median BP3M PM uncertainty for 20.25 < G < 20.75 mag sources is 0.44 mas yr−1 compared to 1.03 mas yr−1 from Gaia, while the median BP3M PM uncertainty for sources without Gaia-measured PMs (20.75 < G < 21.5 mag) is 1.16 mas yr−1. The statistics that underpin the BP3M pipeline are a generalized way of combining position measurements from different images, epochs, and telescopes, which allows information to be shared between surveys and archives to achieve higher astrometric precision than that from each catalog alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work addresses the topic of the thermal study of high-voltage power cables installed inside plastic pipes in the absence of filling. The presence of air inside the pipe creates an insulating layer that does not favor heat exchange and makes the calculation of the flow rate more complex, as it is necessary to take into account the thermal phenomena of natural convection and radiation between the surface of the cable and the internal surface of the tube. The numerical model based on the finite element calculation was compared with the experimental results obtained on a simulacrum in which the temperatures on the different layers of the cable were measured. After this validation, some typical installation configurations of single and double energy transport triads were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constitutive and strong GAP promoter (PGAP) from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene has emerged as a suitable option for protein production in methanol-free Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris) expression systems. Nevertheless, the effect of the transcriptional terminator from the alcohol oxidase 1 gene (TAOX1) or GAPDH gene (TGAP) within the heterologous gene structure on the transcriptional activity in a PGAP-based strain and the impact on the extracellular product/biomass yield (Yp/x) has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we engineered two K. phaffii strains, each harboring a single copy of a different combination of regulatory DNA elements (i.e., PGAP-TAOX1 or PGAP-TGAP pairs) within the heterologous gene structure. Moreover, we assessed the impact of the regulatory element combinations, along with the carbon source (glucose or glycerol) and the stage of cell growth, on the transcript levels of the reporter gene and the endogenous GAPDH gene in the yeast cells, as well as the extracellular Yp/x values. The results indicate that the regulation of transcription for both heterologous and endogenous GAPDH genes, the extracellular Yp/x values, and translation and/or heterologous protein secretion were influenced by the PGAP-transcriptional terminator combination, with the carbon source and the stage of cell growth acting as modulatory factors. The highest transcript levels for the heterologous and endogenous GAPDH genes were observed in glucose cultures at a high specific growth rate (0.253 h−1). Extracellular Yp/x values showed an increasing trend as the culture progressed, with the highest values observed in glucose cultures, and in the PGAP-TAOX1-based strain. The presence of TAOX1 or TGAP within the heterologous gene structure activated distinct gene regulatory elements in each strain, leading to differential modulation of gene regulation for the heterologous and the GAPDH genes, even though both genes were under the control of the same promoter (PGAP). TAOX1 induced competitive regulation of transcriptional activity between the two genes, resulting in enhanced transcriptional activity of the GAPDH gene. Moreover, TAOX1 led to increased mRNA stability and triggered distinct metabolic downregulation mechanisms due to carbon source depletion compared to TGAP. TAOX1 enhanced translation and/or heterologous protein secretion activity at a high specific growth rate (0.253 h−1), while TGAP was more effective in enhancing post-transcriptional activity at a low specific growth rate (0.030 h−1), regardless of the carbon source. The highest extracellular Yp/x was obtained with the PGAP-TAOX1-based strain when the culture was carried out at a low specific growth rate (0.030 h−1) using glucose as the carbon source. The optimization of regulatory elements and growth conditions presents opportunities for enhancing the production of biomolecules of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]