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Aim: Texture‐modified diets (TMD) have significantly lower energy and protein content than normal diets. Therefore, TMD can cause malnutrition and loss of muscle mass. However, few studies have reported the relationship between TMD and decreased skeletal muscle mass. The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between TMD and decreased skeletal muscle mass. Methods: We reviewed data of 188 older adult patients who were admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. TMD were defined based on the Japanese Dysphagia Diet Criteria 2013 proposed by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation. The Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form was used to assess nutritional status; dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure the skeletal muscle mass index, and the cut‐off values for decreased skeletal muscle mass index were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; the Functional Independence Measure was used to evaluate activities of daily living. Results: The patients’ mean age was 80.6 ± 7.5 years, and 62% were women. A total of 22 patients (11.7%) consumed TMD. A total of 104 patients (55.3%) had decreased skeletal muscle mass, and approximately 90% of them consumed TMD. Decreased skeletal muscle mass index (odds ratio 7.199, 95% confidence interval 1.489–34.805, P ≤ 0.01) and Functional Independence Measure scores (odds ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.952–0.992, P ≤ 0.01) were independently related to TMD in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The TMD group was associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass. Future, prospective studies are necessary to investigate causality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 698–704 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To develop and validate a simple predictive model using easily obtained clinical parameters to predict decreased skeletal muscle mass (DSMM) in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients ( n = 652). Methods Study subjects were divided into a training set ( n = 326) and a validation set ( n = 326). Decreased skeletal muscle mass was diagnosed based on skeletal muscle mass index measured by bioimpedance analysis. Variables significantly associated with DSMM were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses in the training set and used to construct a predictive formula. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out and the predictive model was validated in the validation set. Subgroup analyses were undertaken based on gender, age, or cirrhosis status of patients. Results Body mass index (BMI), age, serum albumin, and branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine ratio (BTR) were determined to be significant predictive factors for DSMM. A composite formula 'BALB score' was constructed [−7.740 + (0.539 × BMI) + (−0.112 × age) + (1.358 × albumin) + (−0.264 × BTR)]. The BALB score had the best predictive characteristics among all variables in both population sets (area under the ROC curve, 0.877-0.898). Patients with DSMM were stratified into three BALB score categories (>4, 0-4, and <0). Subgroup analyses also showed that BALB scoring was predictive of DSMM irrespective of gender, age, or cirrhosis status. The BALB score significantly correlated with psoas muscle index on computed tomography ( r s = 0.6083 for men; r s = 0.6814 for women). Conclusion The BALB scoring system based on routinely used clinical parameters offers a convenient and non-invasive method for predicting DSMM in compensated CLD patients with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]